Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Prediction of future suffering could improve palliative care. To identify the factors contributing to physical symptoms, a prospective study was performed on two series of hospice inpatients with cancer (n = 150 and n = 200, respectively). Physical symptoms, patients' characteristics, and tumor locations were recorded using a structured protocol on admission and throughout the clinical course. Common symptoms on admission and during the patient's course were pain (65%, 88%), general malaise (58%, 77%), anorexia (57%, 94%), constipation (33%, 71%), dyspnea (33%, 66%), nausea/vomiting (29%, 48%), cough/sputum (29%, 48%), edema (27%, 65%), fever (26%, 70%), abdominal swelling (26%, 42%), and dry mouth (25%, 61%), respectively. The mean number of symptoms was 5.7 +/- 3.0 on admission and 9.6 +/- 3.1 during the course. Factors that contributed to the symptoms were young age (pain, abdominal swelling, dry mouth), performance status (anorexia, general malaise, edema, dyspnea), brain tumor (paralysis), neoplasms of lung/pleura (dyspnea, cough/sputum, death rattle), bone metastasis (pain, paralysis), gastric/pancreas cancer (abdominal swelling), peritoneal metastasis (general malaise, edema, nausea/vomiting, abdominal swelling, dry mouth), opioids (constipation, dry mouth, myoclonus), anticholinergics (dry mouth), and antidopaminergics (myoclonus). Opioid requirement was positively correlated with the presence of bone metastasis, and negatively correlated with age and brain involvement. Additional opioids were frequently used in the final 48 hours in cases with lung/pleura neoplasms. These data suggest that terminal symptoms in cancer patients are determined by local and/or general factors. Clinicians can predict the probability of future symptoms from patients' characteristics, general condition, tumor locations, and medications.
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PMID:Contributing factors to physical symptoms in terminally-ill cancer patients. 1058 57

From 1990 to 1996, 21 patients with sacral tumor were surgically, including 8 cases with giant tumor of bone, 7 cases of spinal cord tumor, each 2 cases of neurofibroma and adenoma, 1 case of myeloma and 1 case of lipoma with low grade of malignancy. A total of 22 operations involving one for recurrent tumors in 21 cases were performed. Sacral resection and curettage plus resection were the surgical ways. 19 patients were followed up with an average period of 2.5 years. 15 patients showed good results, 3 patients occurred urinary incontinence and constipation, one of 3 cases occurred weakness of ankles and feet. Authors conclude that surgery should be advised and actively adopted for sacral tumors.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of sacral tumor]. 1068 43

Common canine prostatic disorders include benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), prostatitis, prostatic cysts and prostatic adenocarcinoma. BPH is a spontaneous and age-related disorder of intact male dogs, which occurs in more than 80% male dogs over 5 years of age, and which is associated with clinical signs of sanguinous prostatic fluid, constipation and dysuria. BPH signs respond to castration or to finasteride treatment (0.1-0.5 mg/kg per os once daily), as finasteride inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, causing prostatic involution via apoptosis. BPH often occurs concurrently with prostatic infection, abscessation, cysts and neoplasia in the intact dog, and finasteride-induced prostatic involution may be beneficial in treatment of all of these conditions except neoplasia. Two studies suggest that risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma is increased in neutered, compared to intact male dogs. Although canine prostatic neoplasia, unlike human prostatic neoplasia, usually does not respond to androgen deprivation, recent reports of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in a high percentage of older male dogs, with and without prostatic adenocarcinoma, suggests that PIN may be a precursor to adenocarcinoma in the dog as it is believed to be in man.
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PMID:Prostatic disorders in the dog. 1084 11

A primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare. Moreover, there is no established treatment modality other than surgery, and the prognosis is extremely poor. We report a case of a primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma. The patient was a gravida 4, para 2, 73-year-old female. She first presented with chief complaints of constipation and a pelvic mass. A physical examination revealed a solid tumor in the pelvic cavity. Which was about the size of an infant's head and had an irregular shape. The patient was suspected of having a subserosal myoma of the uterus or an ovarian tumor, and she was subjected to a laparotomy. A solid tumor about the size of an infant's head was found in the left uterine adnexa, and an intraoperative rapid pathological diagnosis of an ovarian leiomyosarcoma was made. A total abdominal hysterectomy, a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, a pelvic lymphadenectomy, and an omentectomy were then performed. The final pathological diagnosis confirmed a left primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma. After a series of discussions with the patient's family about her therapeutic plan, we decided to let the patient be followed-up without adjuvant therapy. Forty-two months after the surgery, the patient accumulated massive amounts of pleural effusion and ascites, with extensive organ metastasis. She received terminal care and soon died.
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PMID:A case of a primary ovarian leiomyosarcoma. 1115 24

Glucagon-like peptides (GLP) 1 and 2 are hormones derived from the post-translational processing of proglucagon in the intestinal L cells that influence intestinal motility and small bowel growth, respectively. We describe a patient with a neuroendocrine tumor of unknown primary origin with peritoneal carcinomatosis and diffuse liver metastases, who presented with constipation and nocturnal itching for over 3 years. Small bowel follow-through showed decreased small intestinal motility and marked intestinal hypertrophy. Biopsies from mesenterial lymph nodes showed, histologically, a well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (G1), with positive immunostaining for chromogranin A, GLP-1, GLP-2 and polypeptide YY (PYY). Jejunal biopsy demonstrated marked intestinal mucosal hypertrophy. HPLC analysis combined with RIA of tumor and serum extracts revealed that the tumor was producing and releasing fasting levels of GLP-1 of 738+/-20.7 pg/ml (normal levels (nl) <100 pg/ml), GLP-2 of 3,150+/-9 pg/ml (nl <100 pg/ml) as well as PYY 550 pg/ml (nl <100 pg/ml). Octreotide administration decreased levels of GLP-1 and GLP-2 and reduced small intestinal transit time from 150 to 50 min. However, tumor growth was not inhibited by octreotide, interferon or dacarbazine therapy and the patient died 8 months later. This is the first case report demonstrating the overproduction of GLP-1, GLP-2 and PYY from an neuroendocrine tumor, in a patient with intestinal hypertrophy and delayed intestinal transit time.
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PMID:Intestinal proliferation and delayed intestinal transit in a patient with a GLP-1-, GLP-2- and PYY-producing neuroendocrine carcinoma. 1117 2

Presacral ganglioneuroma in a 70-year-old man with persistent constipation and its features on computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and endoscopic ultrasonography are presented. Barium enema study and laparotomy showed that constipation was caused mainly by extrinsic compression from this tumor. Computed tomography, magnetic resonance, endoscopic ultrasonographic features such as well-defined solid tumor with a cystic component and punctate calcifications may facilitate early diagnosis of this rare tumor.
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PMID:Presacral ganglioneuroma arising in an elderly man with persistent constipation. 1117 4

The breakthrough discovery of the anti-angiogenic effects of thalidomide gave impetus to a series of clinical trials in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Thalidomide has been shown to block the activity of angiogenic substances like bFGF, VEGF and interleukin 6. This drug also down-regulates TNF alpha. Thalidomide has shown clinical antitumor activity in single-agent, phase II clinical trials in AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma, glioma, multiple myeloma refractory to chemotherapy, and hormone-refractory prostate cancer. In contrast, thalidomide was inactive in breast, lung and kidney cancer. The dose-limiting toxicity of thalidomide is sedation. Other adverse effects include skin rash, constipation, dry mouth and liver function abnormalities, along with peripheral neuropathy and the drug's well-known teratogenic potential. The advantages of thalidomide include the convenience of the oral route of administration, the drug's toxicity profile--substantially milder than that of chemotherapy--and its low cost. The potential role of thalidomide in the treatment of human neoplasia will be confirmed by means of randomized clinical trials.
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PMID:[Thalidomide. Clinical trials in cancer]. 1118 34

We report a rare case of endoscopic removal of colonic pedunculated leiomyoma with an aid of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS). A 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with complaints of lower abdominal pain and alternating constipation and diarrhea. Colonoscopy revealed a small pedunculated polyp in the transverse colon covered with almost normal mucosa. EUS showed a hypoechoic solid tumor with clear margins and smooth contour in the second to third layer. We considered this lesion as a submucosal tumor of the colon with no continuity to the muscularis propria. We performed endoscopic removal of this tumor successfully, and histological diagnosis was a leiomyoma. Endoscopic removal of colonic pedunculated leiomyoma is rare. Moreover, in our case, EUS showed typical findings of colonic leiomyoma and was useful to assess the location of the submucosal tumor. We describe herein our experience and discuss similar cases reported in the English literature.
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PMID:Endosonographic probe-guided endoscopic removal of colonic pedunculated leiomyoma. 1119 1

A 54-year-old premenopausal woman presented with abdominal pain, constipation, and raised serum CA-125 levels during routine follow-up of a low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma with prominent sex cord-like features, which had been treated by vaginal hysterectomy 4 years previously. The findings at laparotomy included: a 100-mm unilocular thick-walled right ovarian cyst, a solid 25-mm nodule in the left meso-ovarium, and a phlegmonous mass in the wall of the sigmoid colon, which proved to be a pericolic abscess due to diverticular disease. The ovarian cyst was a histologically benign endometrioid cystadenoma with stromal luteinization in the wall. Small islands of morphologically benign endometrial tissue were present in vessels of the meso-ovarium. The left adnexal nodule exhibited florid morphologically benign endometriosis, much of which was within and occluding large vascular spaces, and of apparently recent onset. No lesions resembled, in any way, the original stromal sarcoma. There was no evidence of endometriosis elsewhere in the pelvis or abdomen. The patient has made an uneventful recovery and is being monitored, as before, by tumor markers only. The discordance in morphology between the uterine sarcoma and the subsequent pelvic lesions was so complete as to raise doubts about any pathogenetic relationship between them. We propose the use of the term aggressive endometriosis to describe the changes observed.
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PMID:Aggressive endometriosis: report of a case. 1124 Jun 84

Jejunal leiomyosarcoma is a rare neoplasm. We report a case of gigantic leiomyosarcoma of the jejunum in a 30-year old man who presented with abdominal distension, pain and constipation. Computerized tomography scan revealed a giant tumor filling the entire abdominal cavity. Fine needle aspiration cytology was suspicious. At laparotomy, a huge jejunal leiomyosarcoma measuring 30 x 25 x 19 cm and weighing 13 kg was completely excised. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of a giant jejunal leiomyosarcoma.
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PMID:Gigantic jejunal leiomyosarcoma. 1133 99


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