Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 54-year-old woman was referred to our institute because of abdominal pain and constipation. The computed tomography of the abdomen revealed a 3 x 3 cm of low density tumor at the upper pole of the left kidney and para-aortic lymphadenopathy. Gastrointestinal investigation revealed no particular findings suggesting a carcinoid syndrome associated with the left kidney tumor. The specimen of the resected tumor showed staining pattern specific to carcinoid tumor; positive staining for chromogranin A and neuron-specific-enolase. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of dense-core granules in the tumor cells. No evidence of metastasis or recurrence was noted for 13 months after the operation. This was a very rare case of primary renal carcinoid, representing the 26th case in the literature.
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PMID:[A case report of primary renal carcinoid tumor]. 891 67

Severe chronic constipation is a common problem in children. Most patients have functional constipation, only few (approximately 5%) have an underlying organic disease who requires surgical treatment. Anatomic problems with a painful defecation (anal rhagades, fistulas, hemorrhoids) or with difficult defecation (anal stenosis, tumor) require only a careful physical examination. Other organic problems due to neurogenic and myogenic colonic abnormalities require extensive investigations, including histological and histochemical study, for diagnosis. Ultrashort Hirschprung's disease, neuronal intestinal dysplasia type B and hypoganglionosis represent different levels of a developmental problem of the enteric nervous system. Surgical treatment is recommended in these cases. After surgery is recommended a long period of medical treatment to avoid a functional constipation.
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PMID:[Severe chronic constipation: limitations of medical therapy and indications for surgical intervention. II]. 905 80

The clinical course, diagnosis, and treatment of 2 patients with acquired intestinal aganglionosis without other neurological involvement or neoplasia are described. They initially presented with constipation and abdominal pain in late childhood. They were found to have enteric ganglionitis with a loss of neurons together with vacuolated nerve cells surrounded by CD3- and CD4-positive T lymphocytes. This process initially affected only the colon but later the entire gastrointestinal tract was involved in 1 patient. Associated with this process there were circulating immunoglobulin G class enteric neuronal antibodies in high titer (1:5000-8000). The staining of central nervous system neuronal nuclei and Western blotting indicated the presence of antineuronal nuclear protein antibodies of the ANNA-1 (anti-Hu) type usually associated with paraneoplastic sensory neuropathy. However, the reaction pattern in enteric neurons was quite different with strong reaction to perikarya and only weak staining of nuclear antigens.
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PMID:Acquired intestinal aganglionosis and circulating autoantibodies without neoplasia or other neural involvement. 945 11

Colonic lipomas are often asymptomatic, but large lipomas may produce abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, hemorrhage, and intussusception. We report a young woman with a colonic lipoma who presented as an acute abdominal emergency with total colonic obstruction and severe pain associated with intussusception and extrusion of the tumor through the anus. The case was interesting because of its presentation after a double-contrast barium enema and because of the patient's young age and the tumor's location on the left side of the colon.
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PMID:Acute colonic obstruction caused by intussusception and extrusion of a sigmoid lipoma through the anus after barium enema. 915 56

During a prospective screening study for recto-sigmoid adenomatous polyps, the influence of the following risk factors was evaluated: age; gender; body mass index; heredity for colorectal malignancy; diabetes; hypertension; constipation; previous gastric surgery; previous gastric acid inhibition; alcohol and cigarette consumption; serum cholesterol; serum triglycerides; and serum gastrin. Screening fibre-sigmoidoscopy of 665 patients (aged between 50 and 60 years) at a clinical rehabilitation centre for gastrointestinal and metabolic diseases showed that 146 had one or several adenomas. The study population was overweight by a mean of about 15%. Comparison of those with and those without adenoma using univariate analysis, showed that the group with adenomas had higher serum triglyceride values, drank more alcohol on a regular or excessive basis, were more frequent smokers, and had a tendency to raised fasting serum glucose. In a multivariate analysis, age, high serum triglycerides and high alcohol consumption were risk factors for recto-sigmoid adenomas. The risk factor profile identified in this study may help in the selection of individuals for screening sigmoidoscopy from a similar background population. It also identifies target conditions for primary prevention of colorectal neoplasia.
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PMID:The risk factor profile of recto-sigmoid adenomas: a prospective screening study of 665 patients in a clinical rehabilitation centre. 916 11

A case of solitary fibrous tumor of the prostate is reported. A 42-year-old man had been complaining of difficult voiding and constipation for 8 years. Urological and radiological examinations showed a large prostatic mass, and a total cystectomy and prostatectomy were performed. The tumor was 14 x 13 x 11 cm in size, solid with a fibromuscular capsule, and gray-tan in color. Histologically, the tumor was composed of short spindle-shaped and polygonal cells with mild to moderate nuclear atypia, predominantly arranged in the so-called 'patternless pattern' in a fibrocollagenous background. Mitoses were occasionally seen. Vascular invasion was also observed. Immunohistochemically, these cells were strongly positive for CD34 and vimentin, and occasionally for desmin. The maximum Ki-67 labeling index of the tumor cells was 4.5%. These findings are consistent with a solitary fibrous tumor. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a solitary fibrous tumor of the prostate in the English medical literature.
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PMID:Solitary fibrous tumor of the prostate. 936 Nov 7

CI-980 is a synthetic mitotic inhibitor that binds to the colchicine binding site of tubulin. It demonstrates broad activity against human and murine tumor models and shows no cross resistance with tumor models whose mechanism of resistance is mediated by P-glycoprotein (MDR-1). A phase I study was completed in 25 patients with solid tumors using a 24-hour infusion schedule, with courses repeated every 3 weeks. Eight dose levels were tested between 1.2 and 15.6 mg/m2. The maximum tolerated dose was 14.4 mg/m2. Neutropenia was dose-related but not dose-limiting; thrombocytopenia was infrequent. CNS toxicities were dose-limiting and consisted of dizziness, headache, loss of coordination, loss of consciousness, nervousness, and other symptoms. These events occurred near the end of the infusion and were reversible, usually within 24 hours. One patient who was to be treated at dose level 8 (intended dose was 19.2 mg/m2; actual dose was 15.6 mg/m2) became encephalopathic prior to completion of the infusion. Other adverse events included gastrointestinal toxicities (nausea, vomiting, anorexia, constipation, stomatitis, dyspepsia, bleeding, cheilitis), IV site erythema, fever, and fatigue. A partial response was observed in one patient with colon cancer and reductions in CA-125 levels were observed in 2 patients with ovarian cancer. Pharmacokinetics were linear and dose-proportional. Results indicate high systemic clearance and wide tissue distribution. Mean pharmacokinetic parameter values: T1/2 = 5.52 hours, plasma clearance 1163 mL/min/m2, and Vdss 376 L/m2.
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PMID:A phase I trial and pharmacokinetic evaluation of CI-980 in patients with advanced solid tumors. 938 46

Primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon is rare. Most lesions are located on the left side of the colon and these tumors often involve the lymph nodes, peritoneum, and ovaries. We report a case of primary linitis plastica of the sigmoid colon in a 32-year-old Chinese woman who presented with a 7-month history of constipation and associated abdominal pain and tenesmus. Colonoscopy and barium-enema studies showed a stricture at the sigmoid colon. The patient underwent radical surgical resection and received adjuvant radiation therapy and chemotherapy. She died 12 months after the initial diagnosis. The poor prognosis seen with this tumor is due largely to a delay in diagnosis. With increasing familiarity with this tumor, it is hoped that earlier diagnosis and curative surgery will be possible, leading to improvement in survival.
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PMID:Primary linitis plastica carcinoma of the colon: a case report. 944 22

Benzylacyclouridine (BAU, IND 039655) is a potent and specific inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase (UrdPase; EC 2.4.2.3). This enzyme plays a major role in regulating uridine homeostasis and also catalyzes the conversion of fluoropyrimidine nucleosides to their respective bases. Inhibition of UrdPase enzyme activity 18-24 h after 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) administration increased plasma levels of uridine and enhanced the therapeutic index of 5-FU by rescuing normal tissues. Moreover, in vitro preclinical studies have also shown that inhibiting UrdPase enzyme activity by BAU prior to administration of 5-FU increased cytotoxicity in a number of human cancer cell lines. A series of preclinical studies was performed in dogs and pigs to evaluate the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties of BAU. These data showed a sustained elevation in plasma uridine concentration in both animal models. The rapid degradation of a tracer dose of uridine into uracil was virtually arrested by BAU administered both p.o. or i.v. The t1/2 of BAU was 1.8-3.6 h in dogs, with bioavailability levels of 85% (30 mg/kg) and 42.5% (120 mg/kg). In pigs, the half-life varied from 1.6 to 2.3 h, with a bioavailability of 40% at 120 mg/kg. The drug was distributed into most tissues with a tissue: plasma ratio of approximately 0.7. On the basis of these preclinical studies, we performed a Phase I clinical trial of BAU in patients with advanced cancer. Patients received 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/m2 BAU as a single oral dose. Toxicities included grade 2 anemia, grade 1 fever, grade 1 fatigue, grade 1 constipation, and grade 1 elevation in alkaline phosphatase; none of these toxicities were observed to be dose dependent. The maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity were not reached at the doses given. BAU plasma concentrations and area under the curve correlated linearly with the oral dose level. The pharmacokinetics of BAU were consistent with a first-order clearance, with average peak concentrations ranging from 19 microM (200 mg/m2) to 99 microM (1600 mg/m2) and tbeta1/2 ranging from 3.0 to 3.9 h at the four dose levels. Compared with baseline plasma uridine, treatment of patients with 200, 400, 800, and 1600 mg/m2 BAU increased peak uridine concentrations by 120, 150, 250, and 175%, respectively. On the basis of this clinical study, the suggested Phase II starting dose of BAU in combination with 5-FU is 800 mg/m2. Studies combining BAU with 5-FU and incorporating appropriate molecular and biochemical end points to assess the effects of this drug combination on tumor and/or surrogate tumor tissue are under way.
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PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacological studies of benzylacyclouridine, a uridine phosphorylase inhibitor. 960 74

A 41-year old woman with lung cancer was admitted to our hospital with constipation, lumbago and paraplegia. Her serum calcium level was 13.9 mg/dl. She expired on the 33rd hospital day despite vigorous fluid and supportive therapy. An autopsy was performed 1 hour later. The cause of death was rupture of the sigmoid colon and panperitonitis. To evaluate the etiology underlying the symptomatic hypercalcemia in the autopsied lung, we measured serum and tumor tissue concentrations of PTH-related protein (PTHrP) by radioimmunoassay using a specific antibody against human PTHrP (1-34), and performed immunohistochemical staining by the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method with the same PTHrP antiserum. Northern blot analysis was also performed to detect messenger RNA in cancer tissue. All of these tests were positive for PTHrP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported autopsied case demonstrated to be a PTHrP-producing large cell lung cancer by molecular biological methods.
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PMID:[A case of PTH related protein-producing large cell carcinoma of the lung]. 961 51


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