Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I-II clinical trial was conducted to determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of oral cyclosporine (CsA) and vinblastine in patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (RCC) as well as to estimate the response rate. Sixteen patients received a 5 mg/kg oral loading dose of CsA followed by 3 days of CsA in 4 divided daily doses escalating from 10 mg/kg per day up to 17 mg/kg per day. Vinblastine (Vbl) was administered as an intravenous bolus on the morning of the 3rd day with dose escalation from 6 to 10 mg/m2. Cycles were repeated every 4 weeks until tumor progression. Forty-nine cycles of CsA with vinblastine were administered. The maximum tolerated dose of Vbl was 10 mg/m2, with neutropenia as the dose-limiting toxicity resulting in one death. CsA could not be escalated above 17 mg/kg per day because of nausea and vomiting. Other toxicities included constipation (100%), malaise (100%), temporary increase in pain (36%), and one seizure that may have been drug-related. There were no clinically significant changes in renal function or serum bilirubin. Mean peak whole-blood CsA level at the highest CsA dose level was 919 ng/ml (range: 414-1,827) with a trough prior to Vbl injection of 451 ng/ml (range: 128-1,229). There were no tumor responses. The combination of oral CsA and Vbl is not nephrotoxic but is poorly tolerated. In most patients optimal blood levels of CsA for reversal of MDR cannot be reliably achieved, and vinblastine dose intensity must be compromised because of the significant toxicity of this regimen.
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PMID:Phase I-II study of vinblastine and oral cyclosporin A in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 774 14

In order to find non-polypoid (flat) adenomas in the large intestine, one hundred and twenty-six consecutively resected large bowels were stained with methylene blue or haematoxylin and examined using a stereoscopic microscope with special attention to pit pattern abnormalities. The primary diseases were classified into familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in 9 cases, multiple adenomas in 2 cases, colorectal cancers in 90 cases, Crohn's disease in 5 cases, ulcerative colitis in 2 cases, constipation in 9 cases, diverticular disease in 3 cases and others in 6 cases, respectively. Thirty-five flat adenomas were detected in 14 colons (14/126 = 11%). Twenty-one flat adenomas were found in 9 non-FAP cases (7 colons removed for cancer and 2 for multiple adenomas) and the remaining 14 flat adenomas were found in 5 FAP colons. No flat adenomas were found in any of the 25 colons removed for non-neoplastic disease. Nine flat adenomas (26%) had a depressed shape. The mean age of the non-FAP cases was 57 years and that of the FAP cases was 29 years (P < 0.005). The mean size of non-FAP flat adenomas was 6.1 mm and that of FAP flat adenomas was 3.1 mm (P < 0.005). Non-FAP flat adenomas were more frequently right-sided than those in FAP. Epithelial dysplasia was graded as mild in 31 (89%) and moderate in 4 (11%), respectively. Moderate dysplasia was found in non-FAP cases exclusively. These results suggest that flat adenomas may be heterogeneous. The significance of these lesions is discussed.
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PMID:Non-polypoid adenoma of the large intestine. 787 19

We report a patient with primary trabecular carcinoid of the ovary with severe constipation probably due to peptide YY production by the tumor. A 43-year-old female had complained of severe constipation for several months and was found to have a left ovarian tumor. The surgically resected tumor was diagnosed as trabecular carcinoid by light microscopic examination. The carcinoid tumor cells were intensely and uniformly stained by the Grimelius technique. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were strongly positive for peptide YY, which has a strong inhibitory action on intestinal motility. The patient has been free from constipation since the removal of the tumor. The present case supports previously reported findings that not typical carcinoid syndrome but rather severe constipation accompanies primary trabecular carcinoid of the ovary, and that peptide YY is presumably the cause of the constipation.
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PMID:Ovarian carcinoid with severe constipation due to peptide YY production. 789 3

A 63-year-old Japanese man presented with constipation, having noticed flat stools for several years. Digital examination of the rectum, followed by barium enema, colono-fiberscopy, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an oval mass located between the retrorectal and presacral space without any mucosal lesion. This mass had narrowed the rectal lumen by compressing the rectum anteriorly. Although the plasma levels of the tumor markers were within the normal range, those of the tumor contents were elevated with a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of 118 ng/mL, while the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) value was 1 ng/mL. The tumor was completely extirpated through an abdominal incision, and there has been no evidence of recurrence thus far. Histological examination showed that the tumor wall was made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium without any cutaneous adnexal structure, and hence it was diagnosed as an epidermal cyst. CEA was identified in these benign epithelial cells by immunoperoxidase staining using a monoclonal antibody. To the best of our knowledge, there have been only four other cases with a presacral epidermal cyst documented in the Japanese literature, all of whom were female. Our patient is the first reported case of an adult male with a presacral epidermal cyst.
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PMID:Presacral epidermal cyst found in an adult male with a high CEA content: report of an unusual case. 791 42

In a prospective study, the prevalence of 15 physical symptoms and symptom groups was evaluated in 1635 cancer patients referred to a pain clinic. In addition to pain, patients suffered an average of 3.3 symptoms: insomnia (59%), anorexia (48%), constipation (33%), sweating (28%), nausea (27%), dyspnea (24%), dysphagia (20%), neuropsychiatric symptoms (20%), vomiting (20%), urinary symptoms (14%), dyspepsia (11%), paresis (10%), diarrhea (6%), pruritus (6%), and dermatological symptoms (3%). While symptom prevalence was influenced by tumor site, pain intensity, and opioid treatment, only a minor relationship was seen between symptoms and gender, age, or tumor stage. The data emphasize that it is not sufficient to simply address pain during the treatment of patients with cancer pain; a more global approach to symptom management is necessary.
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PMID:Prevalence and pattern of symptoms in patients with cancer pain: a prospective evaluation of 1635 cancer patients referred to a pain clinic. 796 90

"Dietary fibre" includes a range of relatively poorly digested food substances mainly composed of non-starch polysaccharides. Pectins and gums are multi-branched hydrophilic substances, forming viscous solutions that delay gastric emptying and nutrient absorption from the small bowel. They are used to delay gastric emptying and improve glycemic control in diabetes, as well as to alleviate constipation. Other fibres, including cellulose and lignins, are insoluble and have little effect on gastric emptying and small bowel transit. They markedly accelerate colonic transit and are frequently used as laxatives. Other important, less well-characterised effects of fibre include lowering of blood cholesterol, increase in satiety and possibly reduction in colon neoplasia.
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PMID:Pharmacology of dietary fibre. 797 41

Gastrointestinal complications of hypothyroidism are well documented and include constipation, obstipation, and abdominal distention, as well as ileus, pseudo-obstruction, tumor-like mass of the intestine, and megacolon. We report herein on a 2-week-old, full-term female infant, who had both necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and congenital hypothyroidism. We further describe the response to therapy with intravenous L-thyroxine. To our knowledge, the patient's course is the first report of intravenous L-thyroxine in the management of congenital hypothyroidism when oral replacement is not an option. The possible causal relationship between NEC and hypothyroidism is discussed.
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PMID:Necrotizing enterocolitis and hypothyroidism in a newborn infant: treatment with intravenous L-thyroxine. 815 6

A multicenter early Phase II clinical study of KW-2307, a new vinca alkaloid derivative, in patients (pts) with lung cancer was conducted in 15 hospitals. Ninety-seven pts were enrolled, among whom 95 were eligible. Seventy of the eligible pts had non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) and 25 had small cell cancer (SCLC). PR was obtained in 13 (18.6%) of NSCLC pts and 3 (12%) of SCLC pts. Only those who had no previous chemotherapy showed PR in NSCLC pts, and the response rate in these pts was 29.5% (13/44). As to the correlation between dosage and tumor effect, a better effect was exhibited at higher doses, with response rates of 21.7% (5/23) and 38.1% (8/21) at 20 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2, respectively. The major adverse effect of this drug was leukopenia (neutropenia), which was Grade 3 or 4 in many cases. Recovery from this complication, however, was rapid. Other adverse effects included mild hepatic dysfunction, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fever, general fatigue, phlebitis and constipation. The incidence of peripheral nervous disorder such as the paresthesia commonly observed with vinca alkaloids, was as low as 10%, and the symptoms, if any, were mild.
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PMID:[Early phase II clinical study of KW-2307 in patients with lung cancer. Lung Cancer Section in KW-2307 Study Group]. 818 36

Lipomas occur through the intestinal tract, from the hypopharynx to the rectum, the colon having the highest incidence, where lipomata are the commonest benign neoplasm after adenomata. Nevertheless they are uncommon. CASE REPORT. 1) A 68-year-old man presented as an emergency with abdominal pain associated with bowel obstruction. He had a 2 to 3 month history of intermittent right-sided abdominal pain, constipation spontaneously resolved. At laparotomy there was a mass of the transverse colon, next hepatic flexure. A right hemicolectomy was performed. The patient made an uneventful recovery. Histologic examination showed a lipoma of the submucosal plane. 2) A 65-year-old man presented as an emergency with lower abdominal pain associated with a prolapsed rectal polyp. He had 1 month history of passing fresh blood per rectum. Ap ast colonoscopy revealed a large polypoid lesion in the descending colon. Transanal examination revealed a polypoid lesion with a maximum diameter of 4 cm, acting as an intussuseptum. Transanal polypectomy was performed. At laparotomy there was an intussuseptum of the descending colon into the rectum: a left hemicolectomy was performed. Histology showed the polyp to be a submucosal lipoma. DISCUSSION. Lipomas are the most common benign nonepithelial tumors of the colon. Lipomata of the large bowel are reported as incidental findings in 0.3-0.5% of cases in large series of autopsies. In the wall of the intestine most lie in the submucosal plane, less frequently they are found in the subserosal plane. The commonest site for symptomatic solitary large bowel lipoma is the ascending colon, including the caecum, followed by the transverse colon, including both hepatic and splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum. The peak incidence for lipomata of the large bowel is in fifth-sixth decade. Colonic lipomas are generally asymptomatic but occasionally patients may have intermittent crampy abdominal pain secondary to intussusception of a pedunculated lipoma or with intermittent fresh rectal bleeding. On barium enema lipomas appear circular, ovoid, well demarcated, and smooth. A barium enema showing a relatively radiolucent mass, caused by the radiolucency of fat, is suggestive of a lipoma. The water enema, with water as the contrast agent, accentuates the difference in density between a lipoma and surrounding tissues. Another characteristic feature of lipomas on barium enema is said to be their fluctuation in size and shape during the study: "squeeze sign". Lipomas of the large bowel can be seen, however, by colonoscopy. On computerized tomography scan the lipoma has a uniform appearance and density. In expert hands pedunculated and sessile lesions can be removed endoscopically, but often large bowel lipomata are treated on the basis of a presumptive malignant diagnosis with exploratory laparotomy. CONCLUSION. Colonic lipomas, although unusual, continue to present difficulties in the preoperative differentiation between malignant and benign colonic neoplasm. Two cases of colonic lipomas are reported.
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PMID:[Intestinal occlusion due to a colonic lipoma. Apropos 2 cases]. 829 Jan 48

Phase I study on a new vinca alkaloid derivative, KW-2307(vinorelbine), was conducted by multiple institutions in 40 patients with a variety of malignant tumors. KW-2307 was given intravenously by single administration or by weekly repeated for 4 weeks (hereinafter as the repeated administration). The initial dose, 10 mg/m2(ln), was escalated to 35 mg/m2(3.5n) in single administration and to 30 mg/m2(3n) in the repeated administration. A total of 35 cases were eligible for evaluation, consisting of 18 cases in single administration group and 17 in the repeated group. Both of single and repeated administration caused leukopenia dose-dependently, and the dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was judged as leukopenia. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was 30 mg/m2 in single administration and 25 mg/m2 in the repeated administration provided that administration is made weekly for 4 consecutive weeks. As subjective and objective adverse effects, general fatigue, anorexia, constipation, phlebitis etc. were observed, but all of these symptoms were relatively mild and recoverable. Peripheral neuropathy were found in two cases and judged as Grade 1. In this phase I study, a tendency of the decrease in tumor size was seen in 3 cases; 2 of non-small cell lung cancer and 1 of breast cancer. The pharmacokinetics of KW-2307 in blood after single administration showed a triphasic disappearance pattern with half-life of about 20 to 60 hrs. The data of pharmacokinetics after repeated administration revealed no accumulation of this agent. The recommended dose for early phase II study was supposed to be 20 to 25 mg/m2/week.
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PMID:[Phase I clinical study on new vinca alkaloid derivative, KW-2307 (vinorelbine). KW-2307 Study Group]. 831 88


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