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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant presacral teratoma is a rare tumor seen predominantly in young female children. The introduction of planned multidisciplinary treatment has improved the outlook for patients with this once dismal disease. Six female children were seen at Memorial Hospital with the diagnosis of malignant presacral teratoma. Five children were age 17 mo to 3 yr and the sixth child was 13 yr old at diagnosis. Presenting symptoms included masses in the buttock or groin, constipation, difficulty voiding, and local pain. Pathological features were varied and complex but three had predominantly endodermal sinus features. One child had the malignant presacral teratoma develop 18 mo after successful resection of a benign sacrosoccygeal teratoma in the newborn period. Treatment varied in the six cases since all were referred after failure of treatment elsewhere. All children had surgery, irradiation, and multiple drug chemotherapy. Four of the six children are surviving disease-free, 3 more than 24 mo off treatment. Evolution of treatment up to the present protocol management is discussed.
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PMID:Malignant presacral teratoma in children. 22 64

Since 1872, 168 rectal leiomyomas have been reported in the world literature. Their incidence, therefore, is very low. It is estimated that one leiomyoma may be seen for every 2,000 or more rectal tumors. Those leiomyomas located in the anal canal and sphincter are the rarest. A case is reported here that appears to be the eleventh in such a location. The incidence of these lesions is highest between the ages of 40 and 59 years. Most patients have a combination of symptoms rather than a single one, the most frequent of these being the presence of a mass, bleeding, and constipation. Almost always, the chain of events that leads to the diagnosis starts when the tumor is discovered by digital examination of the rectum. The lack of reliable criteria of malignancy and the marked tendency to recur shown by these tumors are the two main problems the surgeon faces when selecting the operative procedure to be used. We believe that those tumors with an original size of 5 cm or more in largest diameter are the ones that have shown the highest tendency to recur, mostly as sarcomas. Therefore it is thought that these lesions should be treated radically from the beginning, especially when they recur. More adequate follow-up studies are needed.
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PMID:Leiomyomas of the rectum and anal canal: report of six cases and review of the literature. 33 95

Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum is a rare malignant tumor with an incidence of 0.1%, occurring more frequently in men than in women and in the fifth, sixth, and seventh decades of life. Microscopically it has a characteristic appearance of interlaced bundles of spindle cells with abundant mitosis and cellular pleomorphism. The clinical picture is related to the presence of the rectal mass, the more frequent symptoms being constipation, rectal pain, rectal pressure, and bleeding. The rectal digital examination will demonstrate the mass which in most cases can be confirmed by rectosigmoidoscopy. The mucosa will be involved in about 30% to 50% of cases. Roentgenography is of little value because of the location of this tumor in the lower part of the rectum. Biopsy will be diagnostic. Treatment is radical excision of the tumor and, in this location, abdominoperineal resection of the rectum is usually required. Local excision is followed by a high incidence of recurrence. Prognosis is poor. Survival rates vary. Recent reports in the literature indicate survivals after AP resection from six months to 6 1/2 years.
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PMID:Leiomyosarcoma of the rectum. 66 12

A case of transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic and anterior pelvic urethra of a cat is presented. Primary urinarty tract neoplasms in the cat are rare, and transitional cell carcinoma with major involvement of the urethra has not been previously reported. The appearance and location of this tumor made differentiation from a prostatic carcinoma difficult. The clinical presentation consisted of emaciation, constipation, anorexia, and hematuria.
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PMID:Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra in a cat. 94 76

Colonic cancer during pregnancy is rare. Herein we describe a case of adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon in a 29-year-old pregnant patient. Early diagnosis is difficult because the initial symptoms of colorectal cancer, such as abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, constipation, and abdominal distention, are often attributed to a normal pregnancy. Management of colonic cancer during pregnancy depends on gestational age and operability of the tumor. Medical and surgical management considerations are discussed.
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PMID:Colonic cancer during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. 146 29

An 18-month-old boy was admitted to our hospital with sudden onset of paraplegia, analgesia of the lower limbs, dysuria and constipation. His gestational and birth histories were unremarkable. Past history revealed he had lymphangioma in his left inguinal region, and had been treated in another hospital. Neurological examination revealed flaccid paraplegia, analgesia below Th12 dermatome and dysuria. MRI revealed an intramedullary high intensity lesion surrounded by round low intensity areas located from TH11 to L2 vertebral levels, suggesting the existence of vascular tumor or spinal AVM. Spinal angiogram revealed arteriovenous fistula with large intramedullary aneurysmal vascular dilatation from T12 to L2 vertebral level. The feeder was the Adamkiewicz artery which branched from the left Th12 intercostal artery. First, artificial embolization with thrombin gelfoam was performed successfully. However, follow-up MRI showed an image of flow void in the aneurysm again, indicating recanalization of the AVF. Therefore, an operation was undertaken on October 24th, 1988. The patient was placed in prone position and osteoplastic laminotomy from Th10-L2 was performed. The thrombus and wall of the aneurysm were mostly removed through the lumbosacral midline myelotomy for decompression. Then, the feeder and drainers were ligated. Postoperative course was uneventful. 2.5 years after the operation, he still had flaccid paralysis at the ankle joints bilaterally, analgesia below L4 dermatome, neurogenic bladder and constipation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[An infant case of spinal arteriovenous malformation with a large venous aneurysm]. 157 80

Five patients with ovarian carcinoid who had severe constipation for a long period preoperatively showed marked reduction of this symptom postoperatively. Because this phenomenon was believed to be caused by some biologically active substance rather than a mechanical effect of the tumor, reactivity to 17 amine and peptide hormones was studied immunohistochemically in these patients. Numerous peptide YY (PYY)-positive cells were detected, with PYY-positive cells representing more than 50% of all carcinoid tumor cells in each patient. PYY, which has a pharmacologic inhibitory action on intestinal motility, was presumably the cause of the constipation in these patients.
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PMID:Functioning ovarian carcinoids induce severe constipation. 161 2

The distribution in the bowel wall of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, neuropeptide Y-, and substance P-containing nerve cell bodies and nerve fibers has been described in human sigmoid colon by immunohistochemical examination. In patients with chronic idiopathic constipation, diverticular disease, and in controls (of tissue taken from patients with carcinoma, from a site distant from the tumor that appeared macroscopically normal), the concentrations of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, and substance P have been measured by immunoassay in the following preparations of sigmoid colon: mucosa, whole colonic wall with mucosa dissected away, circular muscle, and taenia coli. In idiopathic constipation, the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide content of the whole wall minus mucosa was reduced when compared with controls (P less than 0.05) but was unaltered in the mucosa, circular muscle, and taenia coli. In diverticular disease, the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide content of the mucosa and whole wall minus the mucosal layer was increased when compared with control tissue (P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.02, respectively) but was unaltered in the circular muscle and taenia coli. Substance P and neuropeptide Y levels in all layers of colonic wall were unaltered in these two diseases. The disturbances in the normal neural content of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the bowel wall in idiopathic constipation and diverticular disease may initiate or contribute to the functional changes seen in these disorders.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide levels in sigmoid colon in idiopathic constipation and diverticular disease. 169 28

An 18-year-old male was admitted with headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography (CT) revealed an enhanced tumor of the pineal region and hydrocephalus. The tumor was partially resected via a parieto-occipital craniectomy. The histological diagnosis was germinoma. No serum tumor markers such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were detectable. A ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunt was emplaced and radiation therapy (whole brain 59 Gy) given. The tumor and the hydrocephalus regressed completely and he returned to work. Six years later, he experienced constipation and general fatigue. CT and echotomography of the abdomen showed a large peritoneal tumor and ascites. Laboratory investigation demonstrated serum levels of AFP 7640 ng/ml and HCG 150 IU/l, and high ascitic levels of AFP 12,890 ng/ml and HCG 1030 IU/l. AFP and HCG levels regressed after combined chemotherapy. However, he died due to leukopenia and pneumonia. Autopsy found no metastasis of tumor cells to the central nervous system. The peritoneal cavity contained hemorrhagic fluid and a large tumor 4100 g in weight. The tip of the V-P shunt tube was in front of the tumor. No neoplasm was found in the testis, retroperitoneal cavity, thymus, and other organs. The microscopic appearance of the peritoneal tumor was different to the first pineal tumor. The neoplasm was confirmed as a mixed germ cell tumor with teratoma components and suspected to be a metastasis of the pineal tumor through the V-P shunt system.
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PMID:[Abdominal metastasis of a pineal region tumor through ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Case report]. 172 35

The authors studied the role of slow bowel transit in the development of colonic neoplasias in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats, weighing 400 g, were used in the experiment and were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The first and the second group were given, weekly, subcutaneous injections of DMH at a dose of 25 mg/kg for 25 and 27 weeks respectively; in these groups constipation was obtained by reducing water intake throughout the period of the experiment. The third and the fourth group (control groups) received DMH at the dose of 25 mg/kg for 25 and 27 weeks respectively and water "ad libitum". The rats were weighed once a week and stool output, weight, and number of scybala/day were recorded once every four weeks. Rats were sacrificed one week after the final injection of DMH and every intestinal lesion macroscopically identified was histologically examined. All rats showed weight loss from the 22nd week to the sacrifice. The mean stool weight/day was 21.2 g +/- 1.47 in the groups A and B; while for the groups C and D it was 23.6 g +/- 1.81 (p = 0.019). The number of scybala/day was 26 +/- 3 in the groups A and B, whereas in the groups C and D was 34 +/- 4 (p = 0.05). An increased number of cancers per rat was recorded in the groups A and B compared to control groups, respectively from 0.66 to 1.4 at 25 weeks (p = 0.02) and from 0.9 to 2.44 at 27 weeks (p = 0.07). A corresponding increase in the number of polyps after 25 weeks was demonstrated, taking into account the possible polyp-cancer sequence. Our study suggests that the slow bowel transit induced an increased number of colonic neoplasia in relation to the prolonged contact of the carcinogen with the mucosa or to its greater concentration in the colonic lumen due to the fecal output reduction.
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PMID:[The incidence of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasms in the rat: the effect of constipation]. 180 12


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