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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This report presented an osteosarcoma arising from the same field after radiation and chemotherapy without surgery for primary mediastinal seminoma. A 45-year-old man had received from June 1979 to August 1981 irradiation and chemotherapy for the anterior-mediastinal seminoma. Since then he was been without evidence of disease for five years. In March 1987, he had suffered from an advanced tumor extending from the neck and the mediastinum to the right anterior chest wall. Further irradiation combined with thermotherapy were performed but without improvement. He was thereafter seen and admitted July 23 1987 to our hospital with complaint of back pain. Needle biopsy specimen revealed chondrosarcoma. Despite chemotherapy with CDDP, he died four months later after admission. Pathological finding of his autopsy revealed a widely invading osteosarcoma extending to extra- and intrathorax and the neck without evidence of germ cell component. To explain the pathogenesis of the secondarily developing osteosarcoma, two hypotheses are offered; 1. Malignancy of mesenchymal component in germ cell tumor. 2. Radiation-induced osteosarcoma. The latter hypothesis appears to be the most probable pathogenesis from his autopsy. These findings suggest that a long survival patient with malignant germ cell tumor after therapy should be never considered as being free from a potential risk of secondarily developing malignancy.
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PMID:[Osteosarcoma developing after radiation and chemotherapy for primary mediastinal seminoma]. 205 Nov 6

The case of a 7-year-old boy with a spinal epidural extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES) is presented. He is in complete remission without neurologic deficit 40 months after diagnosis. Another 15 cases were found in the literature and are discussed together with this patient. Twelve of them were male patients. The mean age of the patients was 17.5 years (range, 4 to 47). Symptoms included back pain and/or radicular pain (100%), paresis of one or both legs (83%), sensory disturbances, and bladder and bowel dysfunction. The mean diagnostic delay was 5.8 months. Each patient underwent laminectomy; complete resection of the tumor was impossible in more than 50% of the cases. Most patients received radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy. Four patients suffered from local recurrence, eight from metastases. Ten (63%) patients died, 1 to 48 months (mean, 16) after diagnosis. The differential diagnosis is discussed, including disk herniation and several benign and malignant tumors.
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PMID:Primary spinal epidural extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma. 206 87

We reviewed 63 cases of cytologically confirmed leptomeningeal metastases (LM). 31 (49%) had solid tumors 17 (27%) had leukemia and 15 (24%) had lymphoma. The most common presenting symptom was pain (76%) with radicular discomfort (58%), headache (32%), neck or back pain (17%). The predominant neurological signs were mental status abnormalities (49%), weakness (47%), seizures (14%). The mode of presentation varied with tumor type. Patients with leukemia (18%) and lymphoma (13%) tended to present frequently with LM without systemic involvement, or during periods of apparent remission (leukemia 35%, lymphoma 27%), while patients with solid tumors had established systemic metastases (90%) at time of presentation. Laboratory studies did not vary among the groups. 71% had positive cytology on the first lumbar puncture (LP) and only 8% required more than 2 LPs. The cell count was a poor predictor of positive cytology as 29% of LP's with positive cytology and 36% of all LP's had less than 4 cells/mm. We conclude that 1) LM presents with pain and seizures more frequently than has been previously recognized; 2) LM is frequently the mode of presentation in patients with leukemia and lymphoma and; 3) cytology is positive frequently in CSF specimens with normal cell counts and chemistries.
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PMID:Leptomeningeal metastases: comparison of clinical features and laboratory data of solid tumors, lymphomas and leukemias. 208 37

Osteoblastoma of the spine is a rare but important cause of back pain and the sciatica syndrome in young adults. Osteoblastoma of the skull is rare and the involvement of the orbital roof is very unusual. Clinical complaints and physical examination are not specific enough to provide a lead to the diagnosis. Bone scans and computerized tomography scans should be performed in all cases, to show the extent of vertebrae or calvarium infiltration by the tumor. To prevent recurrence and malignant transformation, the tumor should be completely removed whenever possible. If tumor excision is incomplete, a continuous follow-up is necessary to detect any recurrence or malignant transformation, which normally appears 5-10 years after the first operation (in one of our cases 7 years later).
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PMID:Benign osteoblastoma of vertebral column and skull. Report of two cases. 209 61

Primary sarcomas of the kidney in adults are rare. In the handful of published reports of all soft tissue sarcomas, DNA ploidy has correlated with histologic grade and outcome. This report presents the clinicopathologic and flow cytometric features of 17 cases of primary renal sarcoma (seven men and ten women, ages 28-69 years). Presenting symptoms included abdominal and back pain and hematuria. Stages at diagnosis were I, in three patients; II, five patients; III, two patients; and IV, two patients. Eight tumors were leiomyosarcoma, two malignant fibrous histiocytoma, one hemangiopericytoma, one fibrosarcoma, and five unclassified. Tumors measured 5.5 to 23 cm, seven contained marked nuclear pleomorphism, seven were extensively necrotic, and mitotic rate was 1 to 33 per 10 high-power fields. Seven tumors showed aneuploidy and five were diploid. Thirteen patients were dead of disease after a mean of 23 months and two were alive with known metastases at 29 and 33 months, respectively. Ploidy pattern and outcome or time to death were not correlated, but aneuploidy correlated with histologic grade, marked nuclear pleomorphism (P less than 0.05), extensive necrosis (p less than 0.01), and high mitotic rate (0.05 less than P less than 0.10). The authors conclude that although DNA ploidy does correlate with histologic grade, for primary renal sarcomas, whose prognosis in this series was extremely poor, it does not correlate with outcome.
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PMID:Primary sarcomas of the kidney. A clinicopathologic and DNA flow cytometric study of 17 cases. 215 1

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a perfluorochemical emulsion, Fluosol, with short-term high inspired oxygen tension as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of high-grade tumors of the brain. Radiation was delivered to the whole brain at 1.8 Gy per daily treatment for 5 weeks to a total dose of 45 Gy. The radiation portals were then reduced in size to encompass the known volume of tumor, as determined by the presurgical contrast-enhancing ring on computed tomography (CT), plus a 3-cm margin. An additional 10 treatments of 2 Gy each were given to the smaller volume, to bring the total tumor dose to 65 Gy in 7 weeks. This report describes the experience of the first 18 patients treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center on this study, whose median follow-up time from the date of surgery is 77 weeks (62-115 w). Immediately following Fluosol administration on a Monday, patients breathed 100% oxygen for at least 45 minutes prior to and throughout their radiation treatment. On each subsequent day of the weeks in which they received Fluosol, patients breathed 100% oxygen. Hematology and blood chemistries were also drawn prior to Fluosol treatment each Friday during treatment and at the 2-week, 3-month, and 6-month follow-up visits. The median age of the patients was 45 years (16-72); 13 patients were male and 15 carried the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme (3 had anaplastic astrocytoma). Two thirds of the patients had an initial allergic reaction to the Fluosol consisting of back pain, shortness of breath, and flushing, but all responded to 50-100 mg of Benadryl. During radiation therapy, all patients developed scalp erythema and complete alopecia by the end of 3 weeks, but no patient required a treatment rest. The serum levels of SGOT, SGPT, and alkaline phosphatase were examined before and throughout the Fluosol treatment and, by week 5, 11/18 of the patients had increased values of all three enzymes above the upper range of normal. These increases persisted through the end of treatment, but most values returned to essentially normal by the 3-month follow-up visit. We conclude that Fluosol, given in the manner described above, appears to be associated with minimal significant side effects and no changes could be detected in the white matter of any of the patients at the time of their magnetic resonance imaging study at 6 months follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I/II study of the use of Fluosol as an adjuvant to radiation therapy in the treatment of primary high-grade brain tumors. 216 56

A 31-year-old woman presented with general malaise, back pain, and edema of the lower extremities. A chest X-ray film showed an enlarged cardiac shadow and clear lung fields. A pericardial lesion with decreased activity on blood pool imaging and increased uptake on gallium citrate imaging displaced the heart upwards and to the left. The pericardial mass showed an inhomogeneous signal intensity on MRI and was large enough to obstruct the venous return by compressing the heart. At operation, the mass was found to originate from the pericardium and was histologically identified as a malignant fibrosarcoma. Twelve years previously, the patient had undergone an operation for the removal of a pericardial tumor which was histologically identified as a benign hemangioma. In view of the rarity of pericardial tumors, the present tumor is suspected to have undergone a transformation from benign hemangioma to malignant fibrosarcoma.
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PMID:Abnormal 67Ga uptake in a fibrosarcoma of the pericardium with malignant transformation. 220 51

Pulmonary sarcoma is a rare tumor of the lung. There are 81 cases in the literature for review, including our two cases. Our first case who was a thirty-seven year old male who was admitted to our hospital with complaints of left back pain. His chest X-ray showed an 11 X 14 cm tumor shadow in the lower left lung area. A left upper lobectomy was performed, and the histological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary vein. He died due to mediastinal recurrence 29 months later. Our other case was a fifty-six year old female. Her chest X-ray showed an abnormal shadow that was a tumor shadow in the right central lung area of 4 cm in diameter. As the diagnosis of the transcutaneous lung biopsy was benign tumor, partial resection of lung was performed. The histological diagnosis was leiomyosarcoma of the bronchus, and she is alive and well at 29 months after the operation. As the rate of diagnosis in leiomyosarcoma detected by transcutaneous lung biopsy is low, the most acceptable method of diagnosis is a total examination, including cytology of sputum, bronchoscopic findings, and roentgenoscopy. Probe thoracotomy would also be necessary if malignancy could not ruled out. The treatment of lobectomy should include lymph node resection.
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PMID:[Two cases of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma]. 221 84

Spinal cord compression secondary to epidural metastatic tumor is an emergency clinical situation that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment if permanent neurologic damage is to be prevented. Physicians caring for patients with cancer must maintain a high index of suspicion for this problem. Back pain is a common clinical situation in the general population but in the cancer patient, one should consider this sign indicative of possible spinal cord compression even though a long tumor-free interval has occurred since the original diagnosis of neoplasm. The diagnosis is established by thorough neurologic examination, plain x-rays, myelography, CT and MRI scanning. Once the diagnosis is established, treatment is instituted with steroids, decompressive surgery and postoperative irradiation or external irradiation alone depending upon the emergent nature of the clinical situation. Regardless of the initial treatment, patients with spinal cord compression require management in a multi-disciplinary fashion. Early therapy will result in the best relief of symptoms and maintenance of the ability to walk. The ultimate prognosis of such patients is very dismal in view of the metastatic nature of their disease but prompt diagnosis and treatment is necessary to prevent devastating sequelae for the patients and their families.
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PMID:Spinal cord compression--an oncologic emergency. 221 77

A case of giant cell tumor involving the Th4 vertebral body is reported. A 27-year-old man, who had a 2 month history of back pain and paraparesis, was admitted to our department in August, 1986. On the first admission, he manifested severe paraparesis and sensory disturbance below the Th5 dermatome level. Neuroradiological examination demonstrated an epidural tumor involving the Th4 vertebral body and compressing the spinal cord. Emergency laminectomy for decompression and biopsy was performed. The surgical specimen was a giant-cell tumor. 6 weeks after the first operation, total removal of the tumor and anterior fusion of the Th 3-5 with iliac bone graft was performed through the anterolateral transthoracic approach. Postoperative course was uneventful. A curative resection and immediate stabilization was thus able to be undertaken through the anterolateral transthoracic approach, when the epidural tumor was confined to the thoracic vertebral body.
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PMID:[Anterolateral approach to giant cell tumor in T4 vertebral body]. 223 98


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