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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The paper presents data from the literature and the author's own materials on the correlation between the extent of activity of reparation processes and the development of cell malignization. A review cites the results of investigations on the molecular mechanisms in some hereditary human diseases in which a defect in some stages of the reparation processes has been found (xeroderma, ataxia telangesthesia. Fanconi anemia, Down's syndrome, etc.). These diseases are also characterized by a high rate of neoplasia development. It is emphasized that inhibition of the reparation process is observed only in the first stages of normal cell transformation into a malignant one. A correlation between carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of chemical compounds which is in favour of the mutation hypothesis of the origin of tumours is discussed.
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PMID:[Mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with DNA repair]. 15 41

A 14-year-old boy with ataxia-telangiectasis died of pneumonia, stomach cancer and its diffuse metastasis. The onset of walding gait was noticed from 3 years of age. Immune globulin including IgA was normal or slightly increased. Main autopsy findings were: old cancerous ulcer of 1.4 X 2.3 cm at the lesser curvature, and diffuse cancer infiltration over ulcer surface to serous membrane. The tumor was diagnosed histologically as adenocarcinoma tabulare mucocellulare.
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PMID:Stomach cancer of a 14-year-old boy with ataxia-telangiectasia. 19 57

The authors report a case malignant lymphoma associated with a pseudotabetic syndrome including ataxia, tendon areflexia and an Argyll Robertson pupil. Blood and CSF serological tests for syphilis were negative. Death occurred after 11 years of evolution. An autopsy revealed a malignant lymphoma with mediastinal and retroperitoneal tumor proliferation as well as infiltration of peripheral nerves, in particular the ciliary nerves and one ciliary ganglion examined. No lesion was found in the mesencephalon. The importance of this case lies in its contribution to the location of the pathological changes in the presence of an Argyll Robertson pupil.
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PMID:[Argyll Robertson in a case of malignant lymphoma with ciliary involvement (author's transl)]. 53 8

Seven patients with histologically confirmed cerebellar hemangioblastomas are reviewed in order to establish computed tomographic (CT), angiographic and clinical characteristics and correlations. Noncontrast CT scans demonstrated most cystic lesions but did not always depict nodules on the cyst wall and small solid tumors. Contrast-enhanced CT scans demonstrated the solid and cystic types of tumors but in some cases angiography better delineated them and the presence of nodules. The CT appearance reflected the pathologic characteristics, which included vascular channels, cyst formation and nodules. Solid tumors enhanced homogeneously and could not be definitively distinguished from other cerebellar neoplasms by CT alone. One atypical undifferentiated tumor appeared as a solid mass with a necrotic center. The CT appearance of associated retinal angiomatosis is also described. Hydrocephalus, gait or appendicular ataxia was the initial clinical presentation in these patients.
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PMID:Cerebellar hemangioblastoma: computed tomographic, angiographic and clinical correlation in seven cases. 57 Jan 2

A 38-year-old man developing slowly progressive left facial paresis was admitted to our hospital. The clinical diagnosis of "adhesive arachnoiditis was made. The first operation was performed in December 1987, and his symptom disappeared postoperatively. Three years later, left facial paresis recurred together with trunkal ataxia. A computed tomography and magnetic resonance image revealed two tumors located at the left cerebellopontine angle region and in the left middle cerebral fossa. These two tumors were thought to arise in the different cranial nerve. Under the clinical diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma associated with facial nerve neurinoma, the two step-operation was designed for total removal of the tumor in December 1990 and January 1991. Intraoperative finding confirmed that these two tumors had the different origin. Pathologic diagnosis was compatible with neurinoma. This patient had no family history of "Neurofibromatosis".
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PMID:[Acoustic neurinoma associated with facial neurinoma--a case report]. 128 93

We report a sporadic case of periodic ataxia characterized by recurrent attacks of vertigo and ataxia. A 62-year-old male was known to have nystagmus at the age of 18. He has had recurrent episodes of vertigo and ataxia since the age of 48. During an attack remarkable downbeat nystagmus, limb ataxia predominant in the lower extremities and ataxic gait were present. MRI demonstrated an atrophy of the anterosuperior region of the cerebellar vermis. Vertical nystagmus, dysesthesia of gloves and stocking type and deep sensory disorder persisted during interictal intervals. There is no finding which supports this case to be vascular disorder, congenital anomaly, tumor, infection or demyelinating disease. We thought this case to be periodic ataxia and to belong to vestibulocerebellar ataxia reported by Farmer and his colleagues.
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PMID:[A case of periodic ataxia]. 130 26

The safety of ondansetron has been carefully evaluated through laboratory studies and clinical trials. Preclinical studies demonstrated that there is no end-organ toxicity in rats and dogs administered ondansetron doses 30 to 100 times those used in humans. At near-lethal doses of ondansetron, animals developed subdued activity, ataxia, and convulsions. Modest transient increases in serum transaminase values were observed. Concurrent administration of ondansetron with chemotherapy had no effect on tumor response in animals. The clinical safety of ondansetron has been evaluated in more than 2,500 cancer patients who received intravenous doses as large as 1.5 mg/kg. In adult patients receiving single-day chemotherapy, the incidence of adverse events was 36% with ondansetron (n = 647) and 50% with metoclopramide (n = 498). Diarrhea occurred in 9% of ondansetron patients and 19% of metoclopramide patients. Headache occurred in 14% of ondansetron patients and 8% of metoclopramide patients. Extra-pyramidal symptoms were reported in none of the ondansetron patients and 5% of the metoclopramide patients. The incidence of vascular occlusive events and seizure disorders was nearly identical with ondansetron and metoclopramide and similar to the cancer population in general. In a group of 209 pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy, the incidence of adverse events was 19% with ondansetron. Serum transaminase values increased significantly in 6% to 8% of ondansetron patients and 2% of metoclopramide patients. There was no apparent relationship between the cumulative dose of ondansetron administered and the incidence of increased transaminase values. However, there was an apparent relationship between the cumulative dose of cisplatin administered and the incidence of transaminase abnormalities. These data demonstrate that ondansetron is better tolerated than metoclopramide and is safe for intravenous administration to pediatric and adult patients receiving chemotherapy.
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PMID:Toxicity and side effects of ondansetron. 138 51

We examined potential clinical and pathologic correlates of seizures among the 3,291 children in the Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium database. Fourteen percent had seizures prior to their hospitalization for a brain tumor. Among children who had a supratentorial tumor, seizures occurred in 22% of those less than 14 years of age. The prevalence of seizures increased to 68% of older teenagers. Among children with an infratentorial tumor, the prevalence of seizures was relatively constant at 6% over all age groups. The onset of seizures began more than one year prior to surgical tumor removal in over half of the children aged five or more with supratentorial tumors, significantly longer than for those of the same age with infratentorial tumors. Almost all children (98.9%) with an infratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than three-fourths of them had at least three. Eighty-nine percent of children with a supratentorial tumor and seizures had at least one other symptom and more than one-half had at least three symptoms. Regardless of whether the tumor was above or below the tentorium, confusion or stupor and coma were more common in children with seizures than in children without seizures. Among children with supratentorial tumors, symptoms of a declining academic performance or an abnormality of personality, speech, walking, or sensation were significantly more frequent in children with seizures, while visual symptoms (other than visual loss or diplopia) and nausea or vomiting were less frequent. Among children with supratentorial tumors, those who had seizures were more likely to have paralysis of an arm, hand, or face, confusion or stupor, or coma and less likely to exhibit irritability, papilledema, optic atrophy, decreased visual acuity, pupillary abnormalities, or abducens paresis. Among children with infratentorial tumors, those with seizures were significantly less likely to have truncal ataxia, but more likely to experience confusion, stupor, or coma. In the supratentorial compartment, astrocytoma (nos), protoplasmic astrocytoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, and ependymoma were more frequently associated with seizures than was craniopharyngioma. No infratentorial tumor type was more or less likely to be associated with seizures. All common tumor types that were represented in both the supratentorial and the infratentorial compartment except astrocytoma (nos) were associated with significantly greater rates of seizures when located in the supratentorial compartment. The tumor location with the highest incidence of seizures was, as expected, the superficial cerebrum. More than 40% of the children with such tumors had seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of seizures in children with brain tumors. The Childhood Brain Tumor Consortium. 154 79

A case of malignant ependymoma with extracranial metastases is reported. A 59-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with vomiting and ataxia. Following computed tomographic (CT) scanning indicating a ring-like enhanced mass in the cerebellum, the tumor was subtotally removed in December, 1985. Histological diagnosis was malignant ependymoma. A second operation was performed in February, 1987, due to recurrence of the tumor in the fourth ventricle. Postoperative radiation therapy at a total dose of 7780 rads was given over 2 years. Eleven months after radiation therapy was completed, he reported cough and multiple skin metastases. Chest x-rays showed metastases at the right hilus. Repeated CT scans revealed separate frontal cerebral metastatic tumors. He died of respiratory insufficiency. Extracranial metastases of infratentorial ependymoma to the skin and lung are rare pathological entities.
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PMID:Extracranial metastases of malignant ependymoma--case report. 169 51

Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is inherited as an monogenetic autosomal recessive disease. Ataxia appears around 1 year of age and progresses until the patient becomes wheelchair-bound, usually by age 10. This progress correlates with deterioration of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Sinopulmonary infections are common in patients from some countries but not others. One-third of the patients develop a neoplasm, usually lymphoid, sometime during their shortened lives. Conventional doses of radiation therapy for such cancers are contraindicated since A-T patients are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation. Five complementation groups have been described, based on correction of radioresistant DNA synthesis of fused fibroblasts from pairs of patients. Chromosomal translocations are found in 5-10% of peripheral T cells from most patients and the translocation breakpoints involve sites of normal somatic DNA rearrangement. Thus, the A-T gene(s) effects several cell lineages, suggesting that it is a "housekeeping" gene. Other speculations on "candidate genes" are considered. Recent progress localizing A-T to chromosome 11q23 is reviewed.
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PMID:Speculations on the ataxia-telangiectasia defect. 171 44


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