Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In view of its potential action as a growth factor, the evidence of abnormally high blood levels of prolactin (PRL) is associated with a poor prognosis in metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, metastatic breast cancer-related hyperprolactinemia has proven to counteract the efficacy of cancer chemotherapy. The negative influence of high blood levels of PRL on the efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer has been confirmed by previous preliminary studies, showing that the concomitant administration of the anti-prolactinemic dopaminergic agent bromocriptine may enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. However, the clinical use of bromocriptine is limited by its short duration and gastrointestinal toxicity. Therefore, new anti-prolactinemic drugs, characterized by less toxicity and a longer duration of activity, such as Cabergoline (CBG), could be more appropriated to control PRL secretion in breast cancer. On this basis, a study was planned to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a concomitant administration of CBG with weekly low-dose Taxotere (TXT) in pretreated metastatic breast cancer under chemotherapy. The study group comprised 70 metastatic breast cancer patients (females), pretreated with at least one previous chemotherapeutic line containing anthracyclines, who were randomized to be treated with TXT alone or TXT plus CBG. TXT 25 mg/m2 was given i.v. at weekly intervals for at least 9 consecutive cycles. CBG was given orally at 0.5 mg once per week. Abnormally high pre-treatment levels of PRL were seen in 24/70 (34%) patients, 11 of whom were treated with TXT plus CBG, whereas the other 13 received TXT alone. CBG induced a complete normalization of the PRL levels in all patients within the first two weeks of therapy, whereas no normalization of PRL occurred spontaneously in patients treated with chemotherapy alone. The objective tumor regression rate was significantly higher in patients concomitantly treated with CBG than in those who received chemotherapy alone (31/34 vs 13/36, p < 0.05), and this difference was particularly evident in patients with high PRL levels prior to therapy (6/11 vs 2/13). No CBG-related toxicity occurred. On the contrary, chemotherapy-induced asthenia was significantly lower in patients concomitantly treated with CBG (5/34 vs 11/36, p < 0.05). This study shows that the chemoneuroendocrine therapy of weekly low-dose TXT plus the anti-prolactinemic drug CBG is a new, effective and well-tolerated therapy for metastatic breast cancer. It may also be recommended in heavily pretreated patients or in those with poor clinical status.
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PMID:Enhancement of the efficacy of weekly low-dose taxotere by the long acting anti-prolactinemic drug cabergoline in pretreated metastatic breast cancer. 1573 76

Desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) is an extremely rare neoplasm. Adolescent males and young adults are most frequently affected. It is highly malignant, with only 29% of patients surviving up to 3 years. This paper documents two cases, one of which, at 4 years old, is the second youngest case documented. Case 1, a 10-year old boy, presented with a 20-day history of choluria, acholia, asthenia, anorexia, and right abdominal pain. Laboratory values were altered, and imaging showed multiples masses in the liver and retroperitoneum. A minilaparotomy was carried out, and a biopsy showed a stage III DSRCT. He was treated with chemotherapy but died of hepatic failure. Case 2, a 4-year-old boy, presented with a 2-month history of abdominal distension. Several hard masses were palpated in the abdomen, and a right inguinal mass that compressed the right testis was observed. Biopsy of the inguinal tumour showed a DSRCT. After treatment with chemotherapy, two operations were carried out to resect different intraabdominal masses. The patient died with peritoneal carcinomatosis 2 months after the last operation. The first patient died due to the advanced stage of the disease, and the second died after chemotherapy, peripheral blood stem transplantation, and multiple operations. The occurrence of this type of tumour in the paediatric age group as well as its high malignancy is noteworthy. Until more effective forms of treatment are found, we recommend treatment with chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, with close monitoring of the patient.
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PMID:Intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumour. 1576 10

The cachectic syndrome, characterized by a marked weight loss, anorexia, asthenia, and anemia is invariably associated with the presence and growth of the tumor and leads to a malnutrition status due to the induction of anorexia or decreased food intake. In addition, the competition for nutrients between the tumor and the host leads to an accelerated starvation state, which promotes severe metabolic disturbances in the host, including hypermetabolism, which leads to an increased energetic inefficiency. Although the search for the cachectic factor(s) started a long time ago, and although many scientific and economic efforts have been devoted to its discovery, we are still a long way from knowing the whole truth. Present investigation is devoted to revealing the different signaling pathways, in particular transcriptional factors involved in muscle wasting. The main aim of the present review is to summarize and evaluate the different molecular mechanisms and catabolic mediators (both humoral and tumoral) involved in cancer cachexia since they may represent targets for future promising clinical investigations.
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PMID:Mediators involved in the cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome: past, present, and future. 1604 25

We present the case of a female patient age 32, with no medical history, presenting with chest pain and asthenia. Chest X-ray and CT scan revealed multiple nodular shadows in both lungs, suggesting lung metastasis. Bronchoscopy and broncho-alveolar lavage didn't reveal any malignant cells. Clinical examination and lab examinations didn't find any primitive extra-pulmonary tumor. Open lung biopsy was performed, revealing sarcoidosis. Patient received oral steroids, with significant radiologic improvement after only 1 month.
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PMID:[A case of tumor-like pulmonary sarcoidosis]. 1619 31

We describe a case of duodenal, third portion, segmental resection for gastrointestinal stromal tumor. A 76-year-old man was referred for gastrointestinal bleeding, dyspnea and asthenia. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a duodenal bleeding fistula. Computerized tomography demonstrated a retroperitoneal mass that compressed and displaced forward the third duodenal tract. Segmental resection of the third portion of the duodenum with a subtotal gastrectomy was performed. The patient was reconstructed with a termino-terminal duodenal anastomosis of the second and the fourth tract and with a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunum anastomosis. There were no postoperative complications. This duodenectomy procedure could be useful as a less extensive resection for duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor located in the third portion of the duodenum when the tumor is well capsulated, when the surrounding structures are not infiltrated and when there are no vascular difficulties. The technique reduces the morbidity and mortality correlated with duodenocefalopancreasectomy and improves postsurgical quality of life without worsening the risk of recurrence.
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PMID:A clinical case of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumor with a peculiarity in the surgical approach. 1620 52

CS-682 (1-(2-C-cyano-2-deoxy-beta-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl)-N4-palmitoylcytosine) is a novel orally administered 2'-deoxycytidine-type antimetabolite, which has a wide spectrum of antitumor activity in human tumor xenograft models. We conducted a phase I study to define the toxicity, pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of CS-682 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Forty patients were enrolled to receive escalating doses of CS-682. CS-682 was given orally, once daily three times a week (Monday, Wednesday and Friday), for four weeks consecutively, followed by a two-week rest period. Twenty-two men and 18 women, median age 63.5 (range 31 to 82) were treated. The most common tumor type was colorectal cancer with 15 patients. Others tumors occurring in 3 or more patients included prostate, breast and lung carcinomas. Sixty percent of the patients had received greater than 2 prior chemotherapy programs. Patients have been treated at each of the following dose levels (mg/m2/day): 1.5, 12, 20, 25, 30, 50, 67, 90, 120, 160 and 220. Non hematologic toxicities grade 3 [NCI Common Toxicity Criteria (version 2.0)] related to treatment included nausea in 2, vomiting in 1, anorexia and asthenia in 2, and dehydration in 1. Severe hematologic toxicities (grade 3-4) were seen more frequently with 10 patients experiencing grade 3-4 neutropenia, 2 with grade 4 thrombocytopenia and 2 with grade 3 anemia. Neutropenia requiring hospitalization occurred in 3 patients. Dose-limiting neutropenia was observed at 220 mg/m2/day. The maximum tolerated dose was determined to be 160 mg/m2/day. No tumor responses were observed in this study. Six patients experienced stable disease, including one who has stable disease after having received 34 courses of CS-682. After oral administration, CS-682 is rapidly absorbed and metabolized to CNDAC, which is further metabolized by cytidine deaminase to the inactive product CNDAU. Peak plasma concentrations of CNDAC were achieved 2.2 +/- 0.9 h after drug administration and the terminal elimination half-life was 1.7 +/- 1.5 h. Measurable concentrations of CNDAU were first seen 0.60 +/- 0.31 h, peak plasma concentrations were achieved 3.1 +/- 0.9 h after the CS-682 dose, and the terminal elimination half-life was 2.3 +/- 1.7 h. The recommended phase 2 starting dose for the 3 days/week regimen of CS-682 is 160 mg/m2/day for 4 weeks repeated after a 2-week rest period.
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PMID:A phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of CS-682 administered orally in advanced malignant solid tumors. 1650 55

A sixty-five year old man, who had the left kidney removed for neoplasm, was admitted to evaluate a renal mass on the right side. Ultrasonography and TC scan were suggestive of neoplasm. A lower pole kidney ablation was made, otherwise a radical nephrectomy would have forced him into chronic dialysis. One month later the patient complained of a gross hematuria and asthenia. A new ultrasonography examination was made and was very helpful to get the right diagnosis.
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PMID:[From the bad to the worse]. 1686 15

The feasibility, toxicity and tumor response of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for treatment of primary and metastastic liver tumors was investigated. From October 2002 until June 2006, 25 patients not suitable for other local treatments were entered in the study. In total 45 lesions were treated, 34 metastases and 11 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Median follow-up was 12.9 months (range 0.5-31). Median lesion size was 3.2 cm (range 0.5-7.2) and median volume 22.2 cm3 (range 1.1-322). Patients with metastases, HCC without cirrhosis, and HCC < 4 cm with cirrhosis were mostly treated with 3 x 12.5 Gy. Patients with HCC > or =4 cm and cirrhosis received 5 x 5 Gy or 3 x 10 Gy. The prescription isodose was 65%. Acute toxicity was scored following the Common Toxicity Criteria and late toxicity with the SOMA/LENT classification. Local failures were observed in two HCC and two metastases. Local control rates at 1 and 2 years for the whole group were 94% and 82%. Acute toxicity grade > or =3 was seen in four patients; one HCC patient with Child B developed a liver failure together with an infection and died (grade 5), two metastases patients presented elevation of gamma glutamyl transferase (grade 3) and another asthenia (grade 3). Late toxicity was observed in one metastases patient who developed a portal hypertension syndrome with melena (grade 3). SBRT was feasible, with acceptable toxicity and encouraging local control. Optimal dose-fractionation schemes for HCC with cirrhosis have to be found. Extreme caution should be used for patients with Child B because of a high toxicity risk.
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PMID:Stereotactic body radiation therapy for primary and metastatic liver tumors: A single institution phase i-ii study. 1698 47

Symptoms such as cough and hemoptysis in patients with lung cancer can be the consequence of local bronchopulmonary disease, tumor growth that leads to compression of surrounding structures, distant metastases, diverse systemic effects (anorexia, asthenia, weight loss), or paraneoplastic syndromes associated with tumor production of certain hormones. Approximately 10% of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis. We report the case of a 77-year-old man with dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, and lower limb edema. The patient died within a few days. The cause of the clinical picture was constrictive pericarditis secondary to metastases from lung carcinoma.
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PMID:[Constrictive pericarditis as the first sign of lung cancer]. 1712 98

A 22-year-old man presented headache, asthenia, body weight loss and trigeminal hypoesthesia worsening quickly. Radiological analysis showed an enhanced lesion that originated from the cavernous sinus and extended into the Meckel cave, owing to the fifth cranial nerve's course. The lesion was explored by a temporo-pterional approach and was partially removed. On the basis of histological analysis and negativity of tumor marker levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (alpha-fetoprotein alpha, human beta-chorionic gonadotropin), a primitive non-secreting intracranial germinoma was diagnosed. Under combined chemotherapy (carboplatine, ifosfamide, etoposide) followed by focal fractionated radiotherapy delivering 40 Gy to the initial tumor volume, the outcome was excellent. Five years later, the patient was in complete clinical and radiological remission. Primitive intracranial germinomas are rare malignant tumors involving mainly pineal and hypothalamic regions. We report a case of intracranial trigeminal nerve germinoma. To the best of our knowledge, no case of primitive germinoma was previously described in this location. Aspects of diagnosis and treatment are discussed in the light of previous publishing data.
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PMID:[Primitive intracranial trigeminal nerve germinoma. Case report]. 1733 16


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