Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six cases of primary malignant lymphoma in the stomach are reported with a review of 586 cases reported from 1950 through 1987 in our country. The disease is rare. The first case was reported abroad in 1829 and in our country in 1951. Abdominal pain, anorexia and hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract were the main symptoms. Surgery was the treatment of choice. The 5-year survival rate was 57.0% abroad and 44.6 at home. Adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy can improve the 5-year survival. In the review, 5-year survival rate was increased by 6.8% in the group where surgery was combined with radiotherapy and by 5.7% in the group of operation plus chemotherapy. The increase in 10-year survival rate was more obvious. Of these 6 cases, 3 treated by surgical treatment alone died, while 3 treated by operation and postoperative chemotherapy are still alive and tumor-free.
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PMID:[Primary malignant lymphoma of the stomach--report of 6 cases and review of 586 cases]. 220 53

Forty-two patients with advanced malignancy judged unlikely to respond to standard treatment received high-dose combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin in a phase I trial. Twenty-two of these patients who had at least a partial response (PR) to the first cycle of therapy received a second cycle, and eight patients received three or more cycles of therapy. Bone marrow replacement was not used. The maximum-tolerated doses (MTDs) were cyclophosphamide 2.5 g/m2 on days 1 and 2; etoposide 500 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3; and cisplatin 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 2, and 3. Hematologic toxicity was not dose-limiting by study design. Recovery to an absolute granulocyte count above 100/microL occurred at a median of 9 days from onset (range, 3 to 23 days) at the MTD. Recovery was delayed after the third cycle. Only one patient on his third cycle failed to recover peripheral blood counts and died of sepsis an day 43. Hematologic toxicity was not dose-dependent. Nonhematologic toxicities included emesis, fatigue, alopecia, diarrhea, and anorexia and were generally well tolerated. The dose-limiting toxicities were fatal pulmonary or cardiac toxicities in five of nine patients treated at the highest dose level. Patients likely to do well can be selected by tumor type, response to prior therapy, and performance status. Nine of 36 assessable patients had a complete response (CR) and 13 a PR for a response rate of 61%. Five patients (12%) remain alive and free of disease at 15 to 32 months. Repeated cycles of dose-intensive combination therapy can produce long-term disease-free remissions in patients with refractory tumor types. The toxicity of the regimen is acceptable if patients are carefully selected.
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PMID:Phase I study of repeated cycles of high-dose cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and cisplatin administered without bone marrow transplantation. 199 24

Reported is the case of a 58-year-old male who visited our hospital with the chief complaint of anorexia. Diagnosed as having an esophageal cancer, a subtotal esophagectomy was performed including the dissection of the tumor. According to the surgical findings, the tumor was not exposed to the tunica externa and no lymph node metastasis or infiltration to the pleura or a metastasis to the lung or liver was note. On histopathological examination a basal cell carcinoma of esophagus was determined but no squamous epithelium was seen. The carcinoma was the muscular propria, and neither infiltration into the epithelium nor invasion into the vessels was noted. The postoperative progress appeared good, however seven months later the patient died from multiple hepatic metastasis.
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PMID:[A basal cell carcinoma of the esophagus--a case report]. 223 85

We have developed a murine model of wasting by injecting intracerebrally cells which continuously secrete h-cachectin/TNF (CHO-TNF) to: (a) determine the effects of cachectin/TNF produced continuously in the central nervous system (CNS), and (b) compare the metabolic effects of cachectin/TNF-secreting tumor in the brain to the cachexia caused by CHO-TNF tumor in peripheral tissue (IM). Intracerebral CHO-TNF tumors produced increased serum h-cachectin/TNF levels with lethal hypophagia and weight loss (mean survival time of 11 d); these changes were not observed in association with nonsecretory control brain tumors. The metabolic consequences of intracerebral cachectin/TNF production were indistinguishable from acute, lethal starvation: whole-body lipid content was decreased significantly but protein was conserved. Although intramuscular cachectin/TNF-secreting tumors caused similar increases of serum h-cachectin/TNF levels, profound anorexia did not develop; wasting developed after a longer period of tumor burden (50 d) with classical signs of cachexia (i.e., anemia and depletion of both protein and lipid). These studies provide a reproducible animal model of site-specific cytokine production and suggest that, regardless of serum levels, cachectin/TNF produced locally in brain influences both the rate of development of wasting and its net metabolic effects.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of cachectin/tumor necrosis factor are modified by site of production. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor-secreting tumor in skeletal muscle induces chronic cachexia, while implantation in brain induces predominantly acute anorexia. 225 57

A phase II trial of intermittent high-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) was initiated to evaluate the response rate, remission duration, and toxic effects in patients with measurable metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The rIL-2 was administered as a bolus intravenous infusion at a dose level of 10.0 x 10(6) U/m2 three times weekly, preceded by indomethacin (50 mg orally). Dose reductions of rIL-2 for hypotension and other grade 3 or 4 toxic effects were permitted. Forty-four patients were entered and 41 were eligible. Previous treatment included nephrectomy (23 patients), radiation therapy (seven), and hormone therapy (three). Most toxic effects observed were moderate and included nausea, vomiting, anorexia (85%); hypotension (85%); fever, chills (78%); central nervous system changes (24%); myelosuppression (27%); and creatinine elevation (15%). Four instances of grade 4 toxicity were observed and included nausea, vomiting with dehydration; hypotension; and myocardial infarction. Thirty patients (73%) required dose adjustments because of toxicity. Five responses (12%) were seen, which included one complete and four partial. Sites of response included lung, liver, and soft tissue; the duration of response ranged from 2 to 20+ months. These results demonstrate that this schedule of rIL-2 can be administered in an outpatient setting, and can produce tumor regression in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, including durable complete responses.
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PMID:Phase II trial of high-dose intermittent interleukin-2 in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. 229 24

Cancer often causes malnutrition and specific vitamin and protein deficiencies. Chemotherapy also causes deficiencies by promoting anorexia, stomatitis, and alimentary tract disturbances. Antimetabolite drugs in particular inhibit synthesis of essential vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines. Because vitamin levels in the blood are often nondiagnostic, nutritional deficiency is identified almost exclusively on the basis of clinical signs and symptoms and the patient's response to therapy. Signs and symptoms of cachexia and hypoalbuminemia are common in patients with advanced cancer. Deficiencies of vitamins B1, B2, and K and of niacin, folic acid, and thymine also may result from chemotherapy. Nutritional deficiencies are chemically correctable; however, the tumor must be eradicated to relieve cachexia.
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PMID:Nutritional deficiencies in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. 229 64

Merbarone, a nonsedating derivative of thiobarbituric acid, has demonstrated excellent activity against certain murine tumors, including L1210 and P388 leukemias, B16 melanoma, and M5076 sarcoma. Preclinical studies suggested that the antitumor effects of this drug were schedule dependent, since repeated dosing increased killing of tumor cells when compared to intermittent injections. We have completed a Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of merbarone in which the drug was administered both as a 2-h infusion and as a continuous i.v. infusion over 24 h. In view of the increased toxicity observed in animals following bolus injections and the possibility of schedule-dependent anticancer activity, a schedule of drug administration daily for 5 days was selected. Fifty patients with advanced cancer were treated at dose levels that ranged from 100 to 1500 mg/m2/day. When the drug was administered by peripheral vein, phlebitis was observed at the infusion site at daily doses greater than or equal to 150 mg/m2. Therefore, all patients who received drug doses greater than or equal to 200 mg/m2 were treated by continuous i.v. infusion using central venous catheters. Renal insufficiency, initially observed at a dose of 1000 mg/m2/day, was the dose-limiting toxic reaction at 1500 mg/m2/day. Three of five patients treated at the highest dose level were unable to complete the infusion due to this effect. Marked hypouricemia was observed in all patients. Other toxic effects were mild and included nausea, fatigue, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anorexia. Alopecia was noted in several patients who received doses greater than or equal to 1000 mg/m2/day. No major antitumor effects were observed. Dose-dependent, steady-state plasma concentrations of merbarone were reached within 24-48 h after beginning the continuous i.v. infusion. Elimination of drug from plasma followed a two-compartment model, with a t1/2 alpha of 4.2 h and a t1/2 beta of 15.3 h. Renal excretion of merbarone and its major metabolites accounted for less than 30% of the administered dose. We conclude that merbarone is relatively well tolerated with few constitutional symptoms. The current formulation of the drug causes phlebitis when administered by peripheral vein, and renal insufficiency is commonly observed at daily doses which exceed 1250 mg/m2. The recommended dose for extended Phase II evaluation is 1000 mg/m2/day daily for 5 days administered by central venous catheter.
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PMID:Phase I clinical and pharmacological study of merbarone. 229 63

Metastatic tumors to the mucosa of the stomach are unusual occurrences that can cause clinical and pathologic problems in diagnosis. The authors report 67 cases from the files of the Veterans Administration Center at Houston. Ten cases were found on endoscopic biopsy and 57 at necropsy. Each patient endoscopically evaluated presented with upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms, including bleeding, abdominal pain, anorexia, and vomiting. At endoscopic examination, characteristic "volcano-like" ulcers were noted. Clinical gastrointestinal symptoms were present in 30 of the necropsy cases, and in four cases the gastric metastases led to the patients' deaths. Tumors primary in the lung accounted for most of the metastases (55%), followed by other gastrointestinal malignancies. A correct diagnosis is important to direct therapy and is facilitated by the characteristic clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings.
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PMID:Hematogenous metastases to the stomach. A review of 67 cases. 231 Oct 70

An 18-year-old Appaloosa mare was examined because of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, anorexia with pronounced weight loss, and hypercalcemia. The tumor had developed rapidly over a period of 3 months and externally extended ventrally involving the perineum and the dorsal aspect of the udder. Necropsy examination demonstrated a large primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, perineum, and mammary gland with metastases to the supramammary, sublumbar, deep inguinal, and mediastinal lymph nodes. No gross renal lesions were observed and, histologically, there was only mild vacuolation of renal tubular epithelium. Based on the normal concentration of serum parathyroid hormone, the absence of evidence of hypervitaminosis D, and normal renal function, a diagnosis was made of hypercalcemia of malignancy or pseudohyperparathyroidism. The mechanism responsible for hypercalcemia was not determined, but the histologic type of the neoplasm and the clinical course suggested possible production of a humoral hypercalcemic factor by the neoplasm, similar to that demonstrated in certain types of human squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Pseudohyperparathyroidism in a mare associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. 231 41

The medical records of 25 horses with intra-abdominal neoplasms and 15 horses with intra-abdominal abscesses were reviewed. Common clinical signs of disease observed by owners of horses in both groups included anorexia, weight loss, fever, signs of colic, and depression. Clinical laboratory abnormalities included leukocytosis, hyperfibrinogenemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocalcemia. There was considerable overlap of laboratory test results within and between the 2 groups of horses. Peritoneal fluid was classified as an exudate in 12 of 15 horses with intra-abdominal abscesses and in 14 of 25 horses with intra-abdominal neoplasms. Cytologic examination of peritoneal fluid yielded an accurate diagnosis in 11 of 25 horses with neoplasia and in 3 of 15 horses with abscesses. A mean number of 1.45 cytologic analyses/horse was needed to diagnose neoplasms in the 11 horses in which the analysis was successful in definitively diagnosing the condition.
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PMID:Differentiation between intra-abdominal neoplasms and abscesses in horses, using clinical and laboratory data: 40 cases (1973-1988). 232 84


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