Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten patients with non-resectable gastric cancer were subjected to a neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLEP therapy), consisting of 4 drugs (leucovorin and 5-FU i.v., CDDP and etoposide i.a.) combination therapy from August 1989 to April 1991. The response rate of this therapy with primary lesions, metastatic lymph-nodes (mainly paraaortic lymph nodes), metastatic liver tumor and peritoneal dissemination were 50, 50, 25 and 33%, respectively. Five cases underwent total gastrectomy. Pathological evaluation of these cases was Grade 1 or 2. Side effects were mainly gastrointestinal disturbances, namely stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and anorexia, along with bone marrow suppression. Performance status of these patients improved to a significant degree by the therapy. This therapy seemed to be effective in controlling paraaortic lymph-node metastasis. The advantage of i.a. delivery was investigated by Tc-MAA scintigraphy. The distribution of Tc-MAA after i.a. injection suggested that i.a. chemotherapy enhanced intraabdominal drug concentration. There is no established treatment for far advanced cases, so this therapy seems to be worth a try.
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PMID:[Evaluation of effective neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (FLEP therapy) in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer]. 187 15

We examined the mechanism of abnormality of thyroid hormone metabolism in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats. The serum levels of thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and the responses of serum T4 and T3 to exogenous TSH in tumor-bearing rats on day 14 after inoculation of tumor cells were significantly less than those in pair-fed control (PFC) rats, suggesting that the metabolic abnormality of thyroid hormones may be caused by disorder of both peripheral and central functions, and that a certain tumor-derived factor may be involved in this abnormality. An active factor responsible for the metabolic abnormality was found in soluble cytosol fraction (SF) of the tumor cells. Administration of the SF to normal rats significantly reduced their serum T4 and T3 concentrations, liver 5'-deiodinase (5'-DI) activity, responsiveness of the thyroid gland to TSH and food intake compared with those of PFC rats, but, unlike the tumor, did not reduce the serum TSH level. This biologically active factor in the SF was found to be a heat-labile protein and specific to the tumor. It was tentatively named serum thyroid hormone reducing factor (STRF). STRF was partially purified from the SF by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Partially purified STRF preparation significantly diminished the serum T4 and T3 concentrations and liver 5'-DI activity and food intake of normal rats compared with those of PFC rats, mimicking the changes associated with the tumor in tumor-bearing animals. These results suggested that abnormality of thyroid hormone metabolism in tumor-bearing animals may partly be caused by STRF-mediated modulation at peripheral and thyroid gland levels. Whether STRF actually induces anorexia remains to be clarified.
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PMID:Mechanism of metabolic abnormality of thyroid hormones in Walker 256 carcinosarcoma-bearing rats. 190 Feb 75

Hepatic albumin synthesis, serum albumin turnover, and hepatic albumin messenger RNA (mRNA) content were evaluated in mice bearing a transplantable low differentiated tumor (MCG 101). Results obtained on tumor-bearing mice were compared with results obtained from non-tumor-bearing animals that were either freely fed, food restricted so that their body composition was similar to tumor-bearing animals (pair-weighed), fed a protein-free diet for 5 days, or fasted for 48 hours. Tumor-bearing animals became hypoalbuminemic (33 +/- 5 vs. 44 +/- 3 g/L in freely fed mice), which could be explained by both depressed albumin synthesis (1.95% +/- 0.20% vs. 2.67% +/- 0.27%/h in freely fed mice) and increased albumin degradation. Pair-weighed and protein-calorie malnourished controls had reductions in albumin synthesis (1.81% +/- 0.18% and 1.67% +/- 0.17%/h, respectively) similar to tumor-bearing animals, and the starved controls had the lowest synthetic rates (1.07% +/- 0.10%/h). Albumin degradation was increased only in tumor-bearing animals. Hepatic albumin mRNA in undernourished animals was less (tumor bearing, 32% +/- 5%; pair weighed, 47% +/- 4%; 48 hours fasted, 18% +/- 2%; and protein-calorie malnourished, 26% +/- 3%) than 50% of the mRNA content in the livers of freely fed control mice. Messenger RNA-directed synthesis of albumin in vitro was also depressed to a variable degree in tumor-bearing and malnourished non-tumor-bearing controls. The hypoalbuminemia in tumor-bearing animals could not be prevented by daily injections of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor (indomethacin, 1 microgram/g body wt), but the hepatic acute phase protein serum amyloid P decreased from 157 +/- 12 to 103 +/- 9 micrograms/mL in indomethacin-treated tumor-bearing mice (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that increased albumin degradation seen in tumor-bearing animals cannot be explained by associated malnutrition, whereas tumor-associated malnutrition can explain to a large extent the depressed albumin synthesis. Decreased albumin synthesis in tumor-bearing animals correlated in part with a decreased quantity of liver albumin mRNA. The results of the current study are consistent with either a reduced transcription of the albumin gene or a change in albumin mRNA processing and stability communicated by anorexia and malnutrition.
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PMID:Pretranslational regulation of albumin synthesis in tumor-bearing mice. The role of anorexia and undernutrition. 190 Apr 92

We have studied the safety, tolerance, and clinical effects of the combined administration of subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon in 34 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who had undergone tumor nephrectomy. Treatment courses consisted of a 2-day interleukin-2 pulse (14.4 to 18.0 million IU/m2/d), followed by 3.6 to 4.8 million IU/m2/d, 5 days per week, over 6 consecutive weeks, and alpha-interferon at 3.0 to 6.0 million U/m2, administered 2 to 3 times weekly for 6 weeks. Patients received more than 90% of the projected dose of interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon, respectively. Of 34 patients with metastatic progressive renal cell carcinoma in this study, four had complete response and six had greater than 50% reduction in tumor size (ie, partial response). There were, in addition, 13 patients with stable disease. So far, all complete responses have been durable, with a median duration of 23+ months. Clinical responses were associated with a mean peripheral blood eosinophil count of more than 1,000/microliters (P less than .05). The predominant toxicities included fever, chills, nausea, anorexia, and hypotension, and were limited to World Health Organization grades 1 and 2 in more than 80% of patients treated. No treatment-related deaths occurred. This combination of subcutaneously administered recombinant interleukin-2 and alpha-interferon has significantly reduced the side effects normally observed with high-dose intravenous recombinant interleukin-2. It can induce objective tumor regressions in patients with progressive metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Unlike the intravenous schedules developed by Rosenberg and West, which require admission to hospital, all the patients in this study were treated in an outpatient setting.
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PMID:alpha-Interferon and interleukin-2 in renal cell carcinoma: studies in nonhospitalized patients. 194 23

Since September 1985, 44 patients with advanced urinary bladder cancer have been treated by combined cisplatin and full-dose radiotherapy. The patients were 32 males and 12 females, and their ages ranged from 33 to 83 years, with a median of 67.4 years. Radiotherapy consisting of a tumor dose of 50-60 Gy was administered with cobalt-60. Cisplatin was infused 5 days at a daily dose of 20 mg on the 1st and 4th weeks of treatment. Of the 39 evaluable patients 27 (69.2%) achieved a complete response. Toxicity was also evaluated for those 44 patients. Mainly gastrointestinal toxicity was noted: loss of appetite in 28 (64%), nausea and/or vomiting in 21 (48%), and diarrhea in 8 (18%). Leukocytopenia was noted in 16 (33%) and mild thrombocytopenia in 5 (11%). Mild dermatitis was noted in 8 (18%).
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PMID:Combined cisplatin and radiation therapy for advanced bladder cancer. 194 71

Fifteen patients aged over 65 years of age with advanced non-small-cl lung cancer (mean age = 70.7, stage IIIb: IV = 4:11) were treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of Cisplatin (50 or 80 mg/m2) and a vinca-alkaloid (Vindesine 3 mg/m2 or Etoposide 80 mg/m2). The effectiveness and side effects of this cisplatin therapy in different combinations of vinca-alkaloid regimens (Vindesine vs Etoposide) were examined. The mean dose of Cisplatin in the Etoposide combination group (75.2 mg/m2) was significantly higher than that in the Vindesine combination group (54.3 mg/m2) (p less than 0.01). A notable reduction the tumor size was observed in 25% of the Etoposide group, only. The 6-month survival rate and one-year survival rate were respectively 85.7%, 57.1% in the Vindesine + Cisplatin group, and 87.5%, 50% in the Etoposide + Cisplatin group. The common side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and alopecia. These symptoms were either alleviated by antiemetic drugs or followed by spontaneous recovery. Leucopenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia were found in both groups, and there was no difference in the time course of myelosuppression between the two groups. The extent of nephrotoxicity was assessed by creatinine clearance rate. Its decrease in the Vindesine group (60.1----38.9 ml/min) was higher than that in the Etoposide group (64.9----48.9 ml/min), while there was no significant change in BUN, serum creatinine and urine NAG between the two groups. There were no cases in which chemotherapy schedules had to be interrupted due to myelosuppression and nephrotoxicity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cisplatin and vinca alkaloid combination chemotherapy of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the aged]. 196 86

From 1968-1985 a series of thirty-seven patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma was collected from the tumor registry of the Fairfax County Hospital, in the metropolitan Washington, D.C. area. These patients were found to have a mean age at diagnosis of sixty-two (males) to sixty-six (females). Thirty per cent of patients were previously cirrhotic and nineteen per cent had a history of viral hepatitis. There were no patients with documented birth control pill or steroid use. The most common presenting symptoms were anorexia and right upper quadrant pain. Liver-spleen scan was the most commonly used diagnostic study, but by the 1980's CT scanning was usually diagnostic. Both alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamyloxalotransferase were reliably elevated in twenty-six of twenty-eight and twenty-one of twenty-four patients respectively. Forty-eight per cent of patients with tumor histology reported had multicentric tumors, thirty-eight per cent had nodular tumors, and fourteen per cent had diffuse disease. Survival was as dismal in this as in other studies with a mean of seventy-nine days. No significant difference was noted between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy did not significantly impact upon survival. Finally, a cohort analysis was done and a possibly significant peak in incidence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma was seen in men born from about 1911 through 1920. The authors noted that these males were in the group of draft eligible persons for World War II and questioned a link between veteran status and later development of HCC.
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PMID:Primary hepatocellular carcinoma: hospital based epidemiologic study. 196 92

A 56-year-old man underwent distal pancreatectomy, splenectomy, and partial resection of the splenic flexure of the colon because of tumor in the tail of pancreas and the splenic hilus. The patient presented with symptoms of general malaise, anorexia, weight loss, mild diarrhea, and borderline diabetes mellitus, although there was no cholelithiasis. The diagnosis remained unclear until immunohistochemical studies of the resected specimen revealed somatostatin and synaptophysin, suggesting a somatostatinoma. Twenty-three reported cases of pancreatic somatostatinoma are reviewed and their clinical features discussed. The role of immunohistochemical studies in the diagnosis of somatostatinoma is described.
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PMID:Pancreatic somatostatinoma: a case report and review of the literature. 196 77

The effects of a new PRL inhibitor, CV 205-502 (CV), on human macroprolactinomas were studied in nine patients according to a prospective protocol. Five patients had undergone surgery leaving tumor remnants and persistent hyperprolactinemia. The four others were de novo patients, two of whom had received short term treatment with Parlodel. Plasma PRL levels ranged from 235-6050 micrograms/L before treatment. The doses of CV used in this trial ranged from 0.075-0.600 mg. Plasma PRL normalized in eight of the nine patients during treatment with CV. The time to normalize varied from 2 weeks to 9 months, and the doses from 0.075-0.450 mg. A tumor volume reduction of more than 50% was obtained in all four patients who had not been operated on before CV treatment. Only one of the five patients with postoperative tumor remnants had no reduction in tumor size. The drug was generally well tolerated, and no patient interrupted the treatment. Slight and short-lasting gastrointestinal symptoms were noted in several patients, and a single episode of fainting occurred in one patient when the drug was not taken at bedtime as instructed. A noticeable and persistent weight loss with anorexia was noted in two patients. Since CV 205-502, administered in a single daily dose, has tolerable side-effects and is effective in reducing PRL secretion and tumor size, it can be considered to be a useful treatment for macroprolactinomas.
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PMID:Effects of a new prolactin inhibitor, CV 205-502, in the treatment of human macroprolactinomas. 197 62

A 65-year-old female, who had undergone partial gastrectomy with Billroth II reconstruction for duodenal ulcer 22 years ago, visited our hospital with a complaint of anorexia. Roentgenogram and endoscopic examination revealed a protruding lesion on the posterior wall of the gastric remnant. An endoscopic biopsy specimen was histologically regarded as carcinoma. Proper hepatic arteriography revealed an accessory left gastric artery arising from the left hepatic artery, which was a main feeder to the tumor. Total gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and splenectomy were performed. Histology of the tumor was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the submucosal layer. To our knowledge, there is no report about the carcinoma of the gastric remnant fed by the accessory left gastric artery.
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PMID:[Carcinoma of the gastric remnant fed by the accessory left gastric artery--a case report]. 201 31


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