Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I study of YM-881 (zinostatin stimalamer), neocarzinostatin combined with butylesterified styrene maleate, suspended in iodized poppy oil ethyl ester, was conducted in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma by giving single intra-arterial infusions via catheters inserted by Seldinger's method. Four dose levels, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg, were tested. Major adverse reactions were fever, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and abnormal hepatic function. Both the incidence and severity of adverse reactions tended to increase with the 8 mg dose. Tumor regression of 50% or more occurred in one receiving 2 mg and one receiving 4 mg. The results of the study suggest that doses of 6 mg or less may be appropriate for the phase II studies.
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PMID:[Phase I study of YM881 (zinostatin stimalamer) suspension by hepatic arterial infusion. Research Group for Intra-arterial Infusion Therapy with YM881]. 165 86

From December 1964 to November 1989, 71 children from 3 to 17 years of age with the eventual diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presented at the National Taiwan University Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China). Forty-three of them had pathologic proof, whereas 28 were diagnosed on a clinical and laboratory basis. A male predominance (M:F = 3.2:1) was noticed. Most patients presented in a late, advanced stage. Abdominal pain and abdominal mass were the major symptoms and signs, followed by anorexia, fever, and internal bleeding. Hydrocele, purpura, and obstructive jaundice were rare presenting symptoms. Hepatosplenomegaly, superficial venous engorgement, and ascites were the main physical signs. The prognosis for such children with HCC was very poor. Only 10% of the patients survived longer than 1 year after the onset of the initial symptom. Among 49 patients who could be followed, only two had long-term survival of over 5 years. One patient had a small HCC with internal bleeding, whereas the other had a large HCC with abdominal distention. Both received surgical resection, and a resection was repeated for tumor recurrence in the patient with the large mass. The resectability of these 71 patients was low (9.8%). Resectability and nonicterus seemed to be the factors indicating favourable prognosis. Observation indicated that the prognosis for children with symptomatic HCC is grave but surgical resection, whenever possible, should be carried out.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood. Clinical manifestations and prognosis. 165 24

A phase II study of 5'-DFUR was conducted in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer by the cooperative study group consisting of 26 institutions. Forty-four cases with uterine cervical cancer and 40 cases with ovarian cancer were enrolled. A daily dose of 800-1,200 mg was administered orally for more than 8 weeks. In 34 evaluable cases with uterine cervical cancer, the overall efficacy rate was 20.6%: CR was shown in 2 cases, PR in 5 cases, MR in 2 cases, NC in 17 cases and PD in 8 cases. Histologically, the response rate was 27.3% in large cell non-keratinizing type, 20.0% in small cell non-keratinizing type and 15.4% in keratinizing type of squamous cell carcinoma. The overall response rate was 20.7% in squamous cell carcinoma, while 25.0% in adenocarcinoma. In 31 evaluable cases with ovarian cancer, the overall efficacy rate was 16.1%: PR was shown in 5 cases, MR in 3 cases, NC in 11 cases and PD in 12 cases. Histologically, the response rate was 16.7% in serous cystadenocarcinoma, 25.0% in endometrioid adenocarcinoma and 33.3% in undifferentiated carcinoma. No responses were observed in cases with mucinous cystadenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, mature cystic teratoma with malignant transformation and mesodermal mixed tumor. Some adverse effects were observed in 43.2% (32 out of 74 cases evaluated for adverse effects), but those of grade 4 were not observed. Most of them were gastro-intestinal disturbances such as diarrhea and anorexia. Diarrhea of grade 3 was observed in 12.2% and anorexia of grade 3 in 5.4%. Severe myelosuppression or hepatic toxicity was not observed. These results suggested that 5'-DFUR is a useful anticancer drug against uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[Phase II study of 5'-DFUR in uterine cervical cancer and ovarian cancer]. 166 Jul

Tumor-induced anorexia was accompanied by significant elevations in plasma ammonia and lactate and by alteration of the plasma amino acid profile. The brains of anorectic tumor-bearing rats had increased levels of glutamine and most large neutral amino acids. Dopamine and serotonin metabolism were also increased in several brain regions of these rats. Resection of the tumor resulted in the normalization of most of these aberrations in blood and brain within 24 hrs. These results demonstrate a rapid reversal of tumor-induced biochemical alterations shortly after tumor removal and suggest that these aberrations may be secondary to hyperammonemia.
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PMID:Tumor-induced alterations in brain neurotransmitter and plasma ammonia concentrations are normalized twenty-four hours after tumor resection. 167 22

The intrahypothalamic injection of rat amylin reduced feeding in schedule-fed rats for eight hours. Specificity of this anorectic response was indicated by an appropriate dose-response relationship and the absence of effect of human amylin. Amylin-induced anorexia was accompanied by alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism similar to those observed in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. These results indicate that amylin may inhibit feeding by acting directly on hypothalamic neurons to alter metabolism of neurotransmitter systems known to affect feeding behavior.
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PMID:Anorexia following the intrahypothalamic administration of amylin. 167 13

Consistent anorexia was first observed 33 days after inoculating Fischer 344 rats with methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. Daily treatment of a similar group of rats with the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine, elicited significant reductions of feeding by day 29 at a dose that had no effect on nontumor-bearing rats. Blood concentrations of ammonia were elevated in both groups of tumor-bearing rats and brain ammonia level was increased in the methionine sulfoximine-treated tumor-bearing rats. Forebrain concentrations of tyrosine, tryptophan, DOPAC and 5-HIAA were elevated in both groups of tumor-bearing rats. Since ammonia is detoxified through the glutamine synthetase reaction, these results suggest that blood and brain ammonia concentrations are more important than the neurochemical consequences of ammonia detoxification for the etiology of cancer anorexia.
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PMID:Methionine sulfoximine intensifies cancer anorexia. 168 54

Inoculation of Buffalo rats with Morris hepatoma produced significant anorexia within four weeks and reduced body weight within two weeks. Blood ammonia concentration was increased by 113% when the rats were euthanized, five days after the development of anorexia. Infusing ammonium salts into normal Buffalo rats also induced anorexia at a blood ammonia concentration comparable to that observed in the tumor-bearing rats. Although ammonia-infused rats exhibited expected increases in brain tyrosine, tryptophan, and metabolites of dopamine and serotonin, these alterations were attenuated in the tumor-bearing rats. These results indicate that hyperammonemia may be a general consequence of experimental cancer and that the increase in ammonia concentration may be of primary importance in the development of experimental cancer-induced anorexia. The rather small alterations in neurotransmitter metabolism in anorectic tumor-bearing rats deemphasize the role aberrations in DA and 5-HT systems in the development of experimental cancer anorexia.
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PMID:Hyperammonemia and anorexia in Morris hepatoma-bearing rats. 168 54

Symptomatic treatment is the only possibility in the large majority of patients with pancreatic cancer since a curative surgical excision of the tumor is only possible in less than 5% of cases. In most cases, symptomatic treatment must take short survival rate into consideration. Symptoms managed, in the aim to improve the quality of remaining life include weight loss and anorexia, abdominal pain, jaundice secondary to biliary compression, and sometimes digestive consequences of pancreatic surgery. Weight loss can be treated with nutritional support (particularly enteral nutrition) but the indications of such a treatment are rare. Abdominal pain should be treated by potent analgesics (opiates) and sometimes by percutaneous block of the coeliac ganglion rather than abdominal radiotherapy. Jaundice can be treated by surgical biliary drainage or better still by palliative biliary endoprothesis. Finally, digestive consequences of pancreatic surgery require symptomatic treatment.
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PMID:[Conclusions concerning the symptomatic treatment of cancer of the pancreas]. 169 51

We evaluated clinical efficacy of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF), successfully expressed in Chinese hamster ovarian cell, in gynecological tumor patients (pts) with neutropenia due to chemotherapy (CT). Fifty-eight pts with advance or relapsed gynecological malignancy were entered into this study. These pts had neutropenia below 1,000/cmm by CT and in the next cycle of CT they were treated with daily rG-CSF (2 micrograms/kg/day, subcutaneously) starting from the next day of CT for 14 days. The activities of rG-CSF were evaluated using following indices calculated for each cycle: a) the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at nadir, b) the period for restoration in ANC above 1,500/cmm, and c) the total area below the 1,000/cmm level in ANC calculated by a computer. Forty-seven out of 52 evaluable pts (90.4%) showed good response to rG-CSF. Only adverse events considered possibly due to rG-CSF were transient fever and anorexia, one case each. In conclusion, rG-CSF appears to be well tolerated by gynecological tumor patients and to considerably rescue them from neutropenia caused by intensive chemotherapy.
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PMID:[A clinical study of recombinant human G-CSF in gynecological tumor patients with neutropenia due to chemotherapy (rG.CSF Clinical Study Group)]. 169 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether spontaneous physical exercise can modify cancer anorexia and cachexia in tumour-bearing rats. Two transplantable experimental tumours were evaluated. Tumour-bearing Wistar Furth rats fed ad libitum and with free access to a running wheel had a delayed onset of anorexia compared with their non-exercised tumour-bearing controls, retained normal behaviour and were able to run the same daily distance as non-tumour controls until the onset of cachexia. Exercise resulted in a decreased carcass wet weight and lipid stores but in an increased carcass dry weight in the tumour-bearing animals. Despite increased food intake, physical exercise resulted in a reduced final tumour weight without any change in water content. Skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue did not show any difference in water content but there was an increased RNA/protein quotient in the exercising tumour-bearing animals. Thus the deleterious alterations induced by the malignancy on tumour host metabolism are not inevitable but can be modified by spontaneous physical exercise.
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PMID:Effects of spontaneous physical exercise on experimental cancer anorexia and cachexia. 170 20


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