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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A human yolk sac tumor cell line, TG1, which was established from a testicular yolk sac tumor, was found to replicate continuously in a chemically defined medium supplemented with Na2SeO3 (ISRPMI). TG1 produced several plasma proteins and growth factors: albumin, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen, beta-2-microglobulin, polyamine, neuron specific enolase, tissue polypeptide antigen, transferrin (Tf), epidermal growth factor, and platelet derived growth factor. By analysis of lentil lectin (LcHA)-affinity electrophoresis, to examine the microheterogeneity of carbohydrate chains of synthetic glycoproteins, TG1 cells cultured with ISRPMI produced only LcHA reactive Tf and AFP based on core fucose attached to asparagine-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues instead of LcHA-nonreactive Tf and AFP produced by TG1 cells cultured with fetal bovine serum (FBS)-containing medium. alpha 1-6 Fucosyltransferase activity was significantly greater in the TG1 cells cultured with ISRPMI (39.9 +/- 1.5 pmol.h-1.mg-1 protein) than cultured with FBS-containing media (18.2 +/- 1.2 pmol.h-1.mg-1 protein). These results have indicated that the selective increase of alpha 1-6 fucosyltransferase occurred when the cells were cultured with the FBS-free synthetic media.
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PMID:Growth of a human yolk sac tumor cell line with yolk sac-derived functions in selenium-supplemented chemically defined synthetic medium. 137 30

Serum contains a factor that co-purifies with albumin and causes neurite retraction in PC12 cells, inhibits the proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, and activates the phosphatidylinositol/Ca2+ second messenger system in Xenopus oocytes and other cells. The activity of serum albumin depends on several lysophospholipids bound to albumin. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the lipids extracted by methanol from serum albumin revealed over a dozen components, several of which evoked oscillatory currents in oocytes. In contrast to serum albumin, most of these lipids were absent in plasma, which lacks the biological activity. The most abundant naturally occurring active component was identified as stearoyl-lysophosphatidic acid. Synthetically prepared lysophosphatidates reproduced the biological activities of the natural serum factor. Adding synthetic lysophosphatidates to inactive fatty acid-free albumin restored activity to the albumin, making the active factor nondialyzable against aqueous solvents and protecting against digestion by various lipases. Since the biologically active lysophosphatidates were produced during blood clotting, in the presence of platelets, and lysophosphatidates have been shown previously to activate platelets, we propose that lysophosphatidates may play an important role in linking platelet activation to receptor-mediated tissue regeneration.
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PMID:Lysophosphatidates bound to serum albumin activate membrane currents in Xenopus oocytes and neurite retraction in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. 138 23

In order to prepare cytotoxic drug-low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles, we have synthesized lipophilic prodrugs of two broad-spectrum antineoplastic agents, methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR), by coupling them to oleic acid. 3H-Labeled prodrugs were incorporated in 125I-LDL carriers, allowing the study of both drug and carrier simultaneously. Utilizing the dry film procedure, monooleoyl FUdR showed the highest incorporation efficiency with over 40% of the initial drug associated with LDL. The prepared prodrug-LDL solution was found to be a single complex of 30 molecules of prodrug per LDL particle when examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and density gradient ultracentrifugation. No unbound FUdROl1 could be recovered, indicating that all dissolved prodrug associates with LDL. After incubation of FUdROl1 with human serum, 22% of the compound associates with lipoproteins and 78% was recovered in the albumin-containing fraction. When human serum was pretreated with oleic acid in order to saturate albumin's fatty acids binding sites, a strong decrease (from 78 to 22%) in association to the albumin-containing fraction was observed, accompanied by a threefold increase (from 22 to 67%) in lipoprotein association. It is concluded that existing hydrophilic antineoplastic agents can be successfully modified in order to achieve association with LDL. This may ultimately lead to an increased delivery of cytotoxic drugs to tumor cells.
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PMID:Characteristics of association of oleoyl derivatives of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and methotrexate with low-density lipoproteins (LDL). 138 69

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of 20 patients with central nervous system manifestations of hematological malignancies including primary cerebral lymphoma (n = 5) and disseminated non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 7) were examined for albumin, IgG, IgM, fibronectin, beta 2-microglobulin, interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and oligoclonal immunoglobulin bands. Although a broad range of abnormalities were detected, no reliable CSF parameter for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal spread from hematological neoplasias could be identified. An analysis of 61 repeat lumbar punctures added little to the findings of the first CSF examinations. Currently, immunochemical studies of CSF cell surface markers and early biopsy have probably more clinical value than the determination of the humoral CSF parameters included in this study. However, analysis of cytokine synthesis by single CSF cells using molecular biology techniques may improve the differential diagnosis of hematological neoplasia of the brain and spinal cord in the future.
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PMID:Humoral CSF parameters in the differential diagnosis of hematologic CNS neoplasia. 141 21

Pathological modification in secretory IgA values as well as in circadian rhythms were found in tracheotomized patients in both nasal and tracheo-bronchial secretions. The protective role of the mucosal immune system in addition to the frequency of severe infectious respiratory diseases in laryngectomized patients justifies the efforts of clinicians to prevent and treat such modifications. Mucoregulatory drugs have a peculiar role in these therapeutical attempts. Forty tracheotomized subjects with neoplastic disease were studied. Twenty received SCMC-Lys as a mucoregulatory drug. IgA 7S, 11S and albumin values in nasal and tracheo-bronchial secretions, were evaluated at surgery, 15 and then 40 days later. In accordance with clinical data, an improvement in local antibody production, damaged by tracheostomy, was found in the treated group. The influence of SCMS-Lys on SIgA production, whose evaluation was made by means of an original, highly selective and sensitive Immuno-IsoElectroFocusing procedure, seems to encourage the use of mucoregulatory drugs in laryngectomized patients.
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PMID:[Local immunity following treatment with S-carboxymethylcysteine-lysine in tracheotomy patients]. 141 21

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) modulates some components of the acute phase response in hepatic cells. The mechanisms for these actions of TGF-beta are largely unknown. The authors recently found that the decrease in albumin mRNA after TGF-beta 1 treatment required de novo RNA and protein synthesis, suggesting that TGF-beta acts through induction of another gene. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether TGF-beta 1 could regulate the expression of both the jun and fos genes that encode transcriptional regulatory proteins that constitute the AP-1 complex, and to determine whether expression of these genes may be coordinated with the decrease in albumin mRNA. Northern blot hybridization was used to determine levels of specific mRNAs. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 increased the levels of both jun-B and fos-B mRNA by 60 minutes after treatment of mouse hepatoma (BWTG3) cells. When TGF-beta 1 was removed from the media after 4 hours, there was a sustained effect of increased jun-B and decreased albumin mRNA (greater than 48 hours), and the subsequent decrease in jun-B levels coincided with the increase in albumin mRNA. The tumor-promoting phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA]), known to induce jun and fos gene expression, caused increases in jun-B and fos-B that preceded the decrease in albumin mRNA levels at 24 hours. These observations are consistent with our hypothesis that jun-B and fos-B induction may participate in downregulation of albumin synthesis as well as other hepatic responses to TGF-beta.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta stimulates hepatic jun-B and fos-B proto-oncogenes and decreases albumin mRNA. 141 79

Odontogenic tumors that produce abnormal tooth-like structures are repeatedly observed in mandibles of mice that carry both albumin-myc and albumin-ras transgenes. The earliest lesions appear among the periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells, but later lesions include an epithelial component. Subsequent tumor development recapitulates the process of normal tooth formation, which requires multiple sequential cell signals, and results in cell differentiation, matrix secretion, and mineralization. Tumor cells with epithelial morphology produce ras oncoprotein, consistent with an epithelial origin of these tumors. As albumin regulatory sequences direct oncogene expression in these mice, our findings also suggest that some of the albumin present in normal teeth may be locally produced and have a role in tooth mineral formation. The reproducibility of this phenotype makes these mice an excellent model for studies of both normal and neoplastic odontogenesis.
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PMID:Odontogenic tumors in mice carrying albumin-myc and albumin-rats transgenes. 142 56

The correlation between high intakes of protein and high incidence of human colonic cancer is unexplained. Appreciable amounts of ammonia are generated in the large bowel through bacterial degradation of proteins and peptides, and experimental studies indicate that ammonia may select for neoplastic growth. Fecal concentrations of ammonia did not differ among 17 patients with former colonic adenomas [40.6 +/- 4.5 (SE) mM], 17 patients with former colonic cancer (51.4 +/- 3.9 mM), and 16 healthy controls (46.4 +/- 6.1 mM). By use of an in vitro fecal incubation system, possible alterations in bacterial fermentation and formation of ammonia were investigated. Fecal suspensions were incubated for 6 and 24 hours with and without addition of fermentable substrates (ispaghula husk, wheat bran, albumin, and glucose; 10 mg/ml). The in vitro production of ammonia in unsupplemented fecal homogenates from both groups of patients was comparable with the production found in homogenates from healthy controls, and the response to fermentable substrates was similar in all three groups. Addition of albumin caused a marked increase in the production of ammonia, and addition of glucose increased bacterial assimilation of ammonia considerably. These well-known characteristics of bacterial metabolism of ammonia apparently did not differ between healthy individuals and patients investigated more than three months after colonoscopic polypectomy or colonic cancer resection.
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PMID:Fecal ammonia in patients with adenomatous polyps and cancer of the colon. 143 54

Twenty-one patients with prostate cancer underwent intermittent arterial infusion chemotherapy with an implanted reservoir and alteration of the intrapelvic blood flow. One internal iliac artery was embolized with steel coils so that the drugs would perfuse throughout the tumor through a single tube. Angiography performed after embolization showed distinct tumor vessels. Intensive radioisotope accumulation was demonstrated in the prostate gland at scintigraphy performed with technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin. Ten milligrams each of cisplatin and doxorubicin were injected once a week by means of puncture of the implanted reservoir. All patients had more than a 50% reduction in tumor size. The response rate to this treatment was good; six patients experienced complete response, and 13 had partial response. Two patients had progressive disease. With this technique, small doses of the anticancer agents reached the tumor in high concentrations. Results were good, with few side effects.
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PMID:Prostate cancer: arterial infusion chemotherapy and alteration of intrapelvic blood flow. 143 80

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the interaction between tumor cells and mesothelial cell layers was studied from the aspect of changes in mesothelial permeability. Mesothelial permeability was assessed as the percentage diffusion of radiolabeled albumin across the mesothelial cell sheets on Matrigel-coated filter cup assemblies. When lined gastric carcinoma cells (KATO-III) were seeded on the confluent mesothelial cell layers, the fine cobblestone appearance of the cell sheet was disrupted and mesothelial permeability significantly increased. The increase in permeability was suppressed by the addition of as little as 1 U/ml of IFN-gamma. The effect of IFN-gamma was observed when either the conditioned medium of tumor cells alone or the IFN-gamma-resistant tumor cells, K-562, was placed onto the mesothelium. The cobblestone appearance of the cell sheet was relatively well preserved in the presence of IFN-gamma. In contrast, IFN-alpha did not suppress tumor-induced mesothelial permeability. These results suggest that IFN-gamma has the potential to protect the human mesothelial cell layers against tumor cells.
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PMID:Suppression by interferon-gamma of tumor cell-induced increase in mesothelial permeability. 145 47


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