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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case characterized by a rare synchronous occurrence of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the renal pelvis and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same kidney is presented. A retrospective analysis of 23 similar cases reported in the English literature over the last 71 years demonstrated a male-to-female ratio of 2:1, an average age of 64.5 years, and a left-to-right-side ratio of 3.2:1. The three most common findings at initial examination were hematuria (90%), flank pain (19%), and flank mass (14%). Moreover, 24% of patients had tumor metastases even at initial examination. Thirty-four percent of patients had bladder neoplasms, and 24% of them had a history of cigarette smoking. There is no tendency toward higher grade of malignancy or specific histologic pattern for TCC and RCC when they occur together in the same kidney. Immunohistochemical studies were used to examine TCC and RCC, with special attention paid to the site of their collision, which displayed multifocal lymphatic permeation. Both TCC and RCC were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratins identified by monoclonal antibodies CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6. TCC was focally positive for keratin, detectable by antibody 34 beta E12, but RCC was not. The tumor tissue infiltrating the lymphatics, which seemed to be RCC, demonstrated positive staining for EMA and keratins CAM-5.2, AE1/AE3, and MAK-6 and negative staining for keratin 34 beta E12. Interestingly, the tumor in lymphatics displayed strong staining for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) but both TCC and RCC in the vicinity were negative. These findings suggest that keratin 34 beta E12 may play a role in the differential diagnosis between TCC and RCC and that tumor-invading lymphatics may change phenotype, including the neoexpression of CEA.
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PMID:Collision of transitional cell carcinoma and renal cell carcinoma. An immunohistochemical study and review of the literature. 750 17

Acid-secreting intercalated cells of the kidney collecting duct and tumor cells of renal oncocytoma express an anion exchanger that is immunologically related but not identical to the chloride-bicarbonate anion exchanger of erythrocytes (AE1). In this study, we have mapped the binding site of a monoclonal antibody against erythroid AE1 that does not react with either intercalated cells or oncocytoma. The epitope is located close to the NH2 terminus of AE1, indicating that AE1 in intercalated cells and oncocytoma differs in its NH2 terminus from erythroid AE1. This conclusion was supported by an antibody directed against residues 1-14 of erythroid AE1 that does not react with intercalated cells in oncocytoma. Polymerase chain reaction performed with mRNA from a human kidney revealed that the sequence containing the codons for Met-1 and Met-33 in erythroid mRNA is missing in the kidney transcript, whereas the sequence coding for Met-66 is present. DNA sequence data derived from cloning the 5' end of the human kidney AE1 mRNA clearly showed that the 5' untranslated region comprises part of intron 3, the complete exon 4 that is followed by exon 5 containing Met-66 as the site of translation initiation. Altogether, the results indicate that AE1 in the human kidney is an amino-terminally truncated form of erythroid AE1 that is restricted to the basolateral membrane domain of the acid-secreting intercalated cells of the collecting duct and is also expressed in oncocytoma.
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PMID:Anion exchanger 1 in human kidney and oncocytoma differs from erythroid AE1 in its NH2 terminus. 750 71

A plexiform schwannoma (PFS) observed as a solitary mass in the dermis of a 6-month-old pig consisted of schwannoma cells of Antoni A type and B type. Neoplastic cells in Antoni A type areas sometimes showed cord-like outgrowths or a neurofibromatous pattern. Neoplastic cells in Antoni B type areas showed erythrophagocytosis, some encircling the microvasculature. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were strongly positive for S-100 protein and vimentin. Peripheral parts of the nodules were cytokeratin (clone AE1/AE3)-positive, as in normal swine perineurial cells. Double immunostaining clearly demonstrated neoplastic cells doubly positive for both S-100 protein and cytokeratin, suggesting that S-100-positive Schwann cells and cytokeratin-positive perineurial cells are functional variants of the same cell type. Ultrastructurally, neoplastic cells in Antoni A type areas possessed characteristics of Schwann cells, such as cytoplasmic interdigitation, external laminae and intercellular junctions. At the periphery of the nodules, features of perineurial cells were detected. Neoplastic cells in Antoni B type areas seemed to be undergoing degenerative processes similar to those in Antoni A type regions and they contained many lysosomes. The neoplasm was generally similar in both location and histology to that seen in man, but there were some histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural differences. This is the first reported case of PFS in domestic animals.
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PMID:Cutaneous plexiform schwannoma in a pig. 750 43

Spermatocytic seminoma (SS) is an unusual germ cell tumor that behaves in an indolent fashion. Because orchiectomy alone in adequate treatment, it is important to distinguish SS from classic seminoma and other germ cell tumors. Light microscopic distinction usually is possible; however, occasional cases of SS exhibit atypical features, including the presence of a lymphoid infiltrate or microcystic change, which simulate classic seminoma and yolk sac tumor, respectively. Immunohistochemistry might aid in this differential diagnosis, but the immunohistochemical profile of SS is not well reported in the literature. We examined seven SS cases (six men and one non-human primate) with a panel of 14 antibodies directed against placental-like alkaline phosphatase (PLAP), keratins (CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3), vimentin, human chorionic gonadotropin, alpha-fetoprotein, muscle-specific actin, carcinoembryonic antigen, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, leukocyte-common antigen, neuron-specific enolase, and human placental lactogen. A previously unreported finding was the presence of focal cytoplasmic staining for low molecular weight cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) in three cases. All other antibodies produced essentially negative results, including anti-PLAP. The PLAP and neuron-specific enolase negativity of SS are in contrast to the positivity of classic seminoma for these markers. A simplified panel of antibodies is recommended to assist in the differentiation of SS from other forms of germ cell neoplasia.
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PMID:Spermatocytic seminoma: an immunohistochemical study. 750 84

Intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCN) is now considered to be the preinvasive phase of testicular germ cell tumors with the exceptions of spermatocytic seminoma, pure yolk sac tumor, and mature teratoma. Pagetoid spread of ITGGN into rete testis is a common yet unpublished finding in these cases. We reviewed 100 cases of testicular germ cell tumors from the Surgical Pathology service of Parkland Memorial Hospital (Dallas, TX) to evaluate the frequency of this pattern of spread. Additional sections were obtained from selected cases and were stained with anti-placental alkaline phosphatase, anti-low molecular weight keratin (clone AE1), and various lectins to highlight the process. Pagetoid spread of ITGCN into rete testis was identified in 24 of 60 cases (40%) in which histologic sections contained both ITGCN and rete testis. The incidence of pagetoid ITGCN involvement of the rete testis was lower in pure seminoma (seven of 25 cases [28%]) than in testes containing nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (17 of 35 cases [49%]). AE1 stained the epithelial cells of the rete testis but not the cells of the ITGCN, whereas placental alkaline phosphatase stained the neoplastic cells but not the epithelial cells of the rete testis. These stains were useful in delineating two cases in which the pagetoid involvement was so extensive that they were misdiagnosed as invasive seminomas. Pagetoid spread of ITGCN is a relatively common finding in testicular germ cell tumors and rarely can be mistaken for invasive seminoma. Immunohistochemistry can be helpful in distinguishing florid pagetoid spread from invasive seminoma.
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PMID:Pagetoid spread of intratubular germ cell neoplasia into rete testis: a morphologic and histochemical study of 100 orchiectomy specimens with invasive germ cell tumors. 795 75

An unusual tumor with a controversial name as well as histogenesis, the neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (also known as "Merkel cell carcinoma," "trabecular carcinoma of the skin") has previously been extensively studied by immunohistochemical methods at the light-microscopic level. Ultrastructural descriptions of this tumor have also been extensive, although immunocytochemical study of this neoplasm at the electron-microscopic level has been limited. In this report, we have used postembedding protein A-gold immunocytochemistry on thin sections from tumor embedded in Lowicryl K4M to investigate the expression and ultrastructural localization of a panel of commercially available, diagnostically useful antibodies. Antibodies associated with epithelial derivation included anti-keratin monoclonal antibody AE1/AE3, polyclonal anti-keratin, and monoclonal anti-cytokeratin cocktail (MAK-6), as well as a monoclonal antibody against epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Antibodies associated with neuroendocrine derivation included monoclonal anti-chromogranin A and monoclonal anti-synaptophysin. Although staining with a polyclonal antibody directed against neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was equivocal, there was no labeling with a monoclonal anti-neurofilament antibody. The finding of positive keratin labeling of filaments arranged in paranuclear aggregates correlates well with the previously described immunohistochemical staining pattern at the light-microscopic level. Moreover, the presence of cytoplasmic synaptophysin and chromogranin positivity over dense-core granules exemplifies the neuroendocrine differentiation present in this fascinating tumor of the skin.
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PMID:Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin (Merkel cell carcinoma). An immunoelectron-microscopic case study. 751

Hepatoblastoma, although rare, is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of the liver in children. In this paper we describe a case of hepatoblastoma with unusual cytologic features and present the histologic, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural features of this neoplasm. A 7-month-old girl presented with a large hepatic mass and metastatic nodules in both lungs. Intraoperative biopsy revealed a hepatoblastoma. Aspiration biopsy yielded a highly cellular aspirate with cords of pleomorphic cells embedded in a mucoid matrix. Histologic sections showed a diffusely infiltrative neoplasm composed of sheets and cords of highly pleomorphic cells. The neoplastic cells stained strongly positive for cytokeratin CAM 5.2 and AE1 and focally positive for alpha-fetoprotein, ferritin, carcinoembryonic antigen and vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had abundant intercellular junctions and intracytoplasmic aggregates of intermediate filaments. A mucoid matrix, to our knowledge, has not been reported as a finding on aspiration biopsy. This patient presented with pulmonary metastases, and thus we think the mucoid matrix may be a marker of a more aggressive variant of hepatoblastoma. This case illustrates additional cytologic features of hepatoblastoma and the usefulness of aspiration biopsy in the rapid diagnosis of this rare tumor.
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PMID:Hepatoblastoma. Report of a case with cytologic, histologic and ultrastructural findings. 751 34

In a previous study we have shown the prognostic value of expression of cytokeratins and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in cervical cancer FIGO stage III. The present study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of cytokeratins and CEA in patients with cervical primary cancer stage IB to IIB, surgically treated by radical hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy. Seventy-six patients were included in the study. By application of immunohistochemistry we found AE1/AE3 (cytokeratins) expression in 27 (35.5%) cases and CEA expression in 56 (73.7%) cases. Multivariate analysis for the end points of relapse-free survival and overall survival showed that neither AE1/AE3 expression nor CEA expression had a prognostic value in the studied population. In contrast to patients with primary irradiated cervical carcinoma FIGO stage III, patients with primary surgically treated tumors stage IB to IIB showed no significant prognostic value of cytokeratin or CEA expression of the tumor.
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PMID:Prognostic value of cytokeratins and carcinoembryonic antigen expression in primary surgically treated cervical cancer. 751 38

A total of 30 sex cord-stromal tumors including 9 adult type and 5 juvenile type granulosa cell tumors (GCTs), 4 Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLTs), 1 gynandroblastoma, 5 thecomas, 2 fibromas and 3 sclerosing stromal tumors were immunohistochemically evaluated by means of cytokeratins of different molecular weight, vimentin and laminin with regard to the histogenesis of these tumors and to the embryogenesis of the sex cord and stroma of developing gonads. For comparison, 7 embryonic gonads, 9 fetal and 9 adult ovaries, 14 fetal and 5 postnatal testes, and 1 gonadoblastoma were also examined. The coelomic epithelium of all gonads were positive for both cytokeratins (CAM 5.2 and AE1) and vimentin. In fetal ovaries, the granulosa cells of primordial follicles express low molecular weight cytokeratins only and those cells of more maturing follicles did not express any cytokeratin or vimentin. In adult ovaries, the granulosa cells of primordial follicles coexpressed low molecular weight cytokeratins and vimentin, but those cells of more maturing follicles expressed vimentin only. In fetal testes before 20 weeks gestational age, the Sertoli and Leydig cells did not express any cytokeratins and vimentin. After that time, both cells expressed vimentin only throughout life. The rete ovarii and rete testis from fetal to adult life coexpressed both low molecular weight cytokeratins and vimentin. The rete ovarii in all ages and rete testis in prenatal and childhood ages were surrounded by the laminin-positive basement membrane, however, the rete testis in adult were not. In neoplasia, the GCTs, thecomas, fibromas, and sclerosing stromal tumors expressed vimentin only.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Histogenetic consideration of ovarian sex cord-stromal tumors analyzed by expression pattern of cytokeratins, vimentin, and laminin. Correlation studies with human gonads. 752 34

The glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare variant of nerve sheath neoplasms in which the focally occurring glands are lined by cells showing divergent differentiation. The vast majority of the reported nerve sheath tumors harboring these glands have been malignant. We herein present a case of benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a 43-year-old woman who had no evidence of von Recklinghausen's disease. Histologically, the tumor is composed of spindle cell component and collections of glandular component. The glandular component occupied the central two-thirds of the lesion and was lined by a single layer of nonciliated cuboidal or columnar cells. No mitotic figures were recognized in the spindle cell area. This spindle cell area had neurofibroma-like features rather than schwannoma. Many of the spindle cells had positive reaction products for S-100 protein. The glandular lining epithelium were positive for cytokeratins (CAM 5.2, AE1/AE3, PKK1) and EMA. Some epithelial cells were immunoreactive for CEA, chromogranin, somatostatin and Leu-7. These immunohistochemical findings support the neuroendocrine differentiation of the epithelial element from the schwannian component.
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PMID:Benign glandular peripheral nerve sheath tumor. A case report. 752 35


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