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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To define the role of keratin protein immunohistochemistry in the pathologic diagnosis of the sarcomatoid type of diffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM), we examined 30 DMM (16 pure sarcomatoid type and 14 mixed sarcomatoid-epithelial type) by an indirect immunoperoxidase technique using three commercially available antibodies to keratin proteins. The sarcomatoid (spindle-cell) areas of all 30 cases of sarcomatoid DMM were immunoreactive for keratin proteins. In 14 of 16 cases of sarcomatoid DMM, 50% or more of the tumor cells were reactive with one or more antibodies; however, polyclonal bovine muzzle and monoclonal AE1/AE3 antibodies were distinctly superior to polyclonal human callus keratin antibody in the detection of spindle tumor cells. In contrast with the staining patterns observed for DMM, 39 spindle-cell malignancies and tumor-like processes of 10 histogenetic types were unreactive with the three antibodies. Those spindle-cell tumors and reactive mesothelial proliferations that may enter into the differential diagnosis of sarcomatoid DMM are discussed. We conclude that keratin protein immunohistochemistry is a sensitive and highly useful method for the pathologic diagnosis of the sarcomatoid type of DMM and its distinction from other spindle-cell neoplasms.
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PMID:Keratin protein immunoreactivity of sarcomatoid and mixed types of diffuse malignant mesothelioma: an immunoperoxidase study of 30 cases. 245 61

We applied a panel of antibodies to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 55 renal cell carcinomas using a three-stage immunoperoxidase technique. The antibody panel included two anti-keratins, AE1 and CAM5.2, anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), anti-vimentin, anti-S100 protein, and the anti-leukocyte marker PD7/26. Forty-eight of 55 renal cell carcinomas expressed keratins. CAM5.2 stained 46 tumors (84%) and AE1 stained 37 neoplasms (67%). AE1 reacted with two CAM5.2-negative tumors. EMA was expressed by 35 carcinomas (64%), including three of the CAM5.2-negative neoplasms. Therefore, using all three antibodies, 50 neoplasms (91%) expressed antigens of epithelial differentiation. Anti-EMA and AE1 were complementary to each other; the combination stained 46 of the carcinomas, comparable with CAM5.2 alone. Vimentin was expressed by 26 tumors (47%), and S100 was expressed by one. PD7/26 did not stain any of the cases. Vimentin expression correlated with nuclear grade; low nuclear grade neoplasms infrequently expressed vimentin, while the converse was true for high nuclear grade tumors. Keratin expression was related to tumor cell type and histologic pattern, as fewer neoplasms of clear cell type and with a solid pattern expressed keratins. In contrast, all papillary and eight of nine (89%) spindled carcinomas expressed keratins.
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PMID:An immunoperoxidase study of renal cell carcinomas: correlation with nuclear grade, cell type, and histologic pattern. 245 80

In recent electron microscopic studies of 51 small cell carcinomas of the lung, the ultrastructural features of epithelial differentiation, particularly the presence of desmosomes, were associated with a tendency toward localized disease, clinical resectability and relatively long survival. Thirty-three of these cases were studied with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (B72.3, B1.1, AE1-AE3 and anti-Leu-7) directed against tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin and Leu-7 (an antigen common to natural killer cells and small cell lung carcinomas) to assess the correlation between the immunocytochemical and ultrastructural evidence of differentiation in tumors lacking differentiation at the light microscopic level. Of four small cell carcinomas with ultrastructural glandular differentiation, two were positive for CEA, three were positive for cytokeratin, and none were positive for TAG-72 and Leu-7. Of six tumors with ultrastructural squamous features, cytokeratin was expressed by three, CEA by one and TAG-72 and Leu-7 by none. Of the 23 classic oat cell carcinomas, cytokeratin was expressed by 14, Leu-7 by 3, CEA by 1 and TAG-72 by none. While the pattern of antigen expression did not predictably reflect the submicroscopic features, there was a significant association between keratin staining and extent of disease. The prospective use of similar antibody panels with both cellular and histologic material may therefore help to define clinically relevant categories of this biologically heterogeneous neoplasm.
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PMID:The use of a panel of monoclonal antibodies in ultrastructurally characterized small cell carcinomas of the lung. 245 61

Immunohistochemical analysis of 30 paraffin-embedded astrocytic neoplasms was performed to correlate the expression of intermediate filament proteins with histologic subtype. Each tumor was studied with monoclonal antibodies to keratin, vimentin, desmin, 200-kd neurofilament protein, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Immunoreactivity with the anti-keratin monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3 was demonstrated in 24 cases (80%) including 4 of 6 (66%) well-differentiated astrocytomas (WDAs), 10 of 12 (83%) anaplastic astrocytomas (ANAs), and 10 of 12 (83%) glioblastomas multiforme (GBMs). These cases were further studied with the monoclonal antikeratin antibodies 34 beta E12 and 34 beta H11. Of the 24 AE1/AE3-positive cases, 14 (58%) reacted with 34 beta E12. None of the cases was reactive with 34 beta H11. Vimentin expression was demonstrated in 24 cases (80%), including 2 of 6 (33%) WDAs, 11 of 12 (92%) ANAs, and 11 of 12 (92%) GBMs. Coexpression of keratin and vimentin was observed in 20 cases (67%), including 2 of 6 WDAs, 9 of 12 (75%) ANAs, and 9 of 12 (75%) GBMs. Immunoreactivity with GFAP antibody was present in all 30 (100%) cases, but none of the tumors was reactive with antibodies to desmin or 200-kd neurofilament protein. These findings demonstrate that expression of both keratin and vimentin intermediate filaments is common in astrocytic neoplasms regardless of histologic grade.
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PMID:Intermediate filament expression in astrocytic neoplasms. 246 54

Hepatocellular carcinoma may share histologic features with a wide variety of epithelial tumors. To facilitate its pathologic diagnosis, clinical and pathologic material was reviewed from 62 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and immunostaining was performed with polyclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (pCEA), monoclonal anti-carcinoembryonic antigen (mCEA), anti-epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and an antikeratin (KER AE1/AE3). Clinical information and follow-up were available for all patients from several sources. Cases with ambiguous clinical data or findings suggestive of metastatic carcinoma to the liver were excluded. In addition, the following tumors were immunostained and compared to hepatocellular carcinoma: 10 cholangiocarcinomas; 14 pancreatic adenocarcinomas; 4 gastric adenocarcinomas; 3 breast carcinomas; 5 renal carcinomas; 3 combined germ cell tumors of the testis; 3 adrenal cortical carcinomas; and 4 melanomas. The pCEA stained bile canaliculi in normal liver and in 39 of 62 (63%) hepatocellular carcinomas. This canalicular staining pattern of pCEA was unique to hepatocellular carcinoma. The mCEA (1 of 62, 1.6%) was almost always negative, and KER AE1/AE3 (9 of 59, 15.3%) was occasionally positive. The EMA stained 25 of 62 (40.3%). The adrenal cortical carcinomas and melanomas were negative for all antigens except rare pCEA and focal EMA staining in an adrenal tumor. Other carcinomas showed cytoplasmic pCEA (36 of 44, 81.8%), mCEA (40 of 46, 87.7%), EMA (41 of 43, 95.4%), and KER AE1/AE3 (42 of 44, 95.5%). Canalicular staining with pCEA is specific for hepatocellular carcinoma, while negativity with mCEA and KER AE1/AE3 is suggestive of hepatocellular differentiation.
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PMID:Immunoperoxidase staining as a diagnostic aid for hepatocellular carcinoma. 246 90

Twenty-nine paragangliomas of the head and neck region including 20 glomus jugulare (GJ) and nine carotid body (CB) tumors were evaluated for the presence of neuroendocrine and intermediate filament antigens. Immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was used to identify: S-100 protein (S-100); neuron-specific enolase (NSE); chromogranin A (CHA); serotonin (SER); synaptophysin (SYN); cytokeratin (CK); neurofilament (NF); desmin (DES); vimentin (VIM); and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). S-100 protein staining of sustentacular cell nuclei and cytoplasm was found in all tumors and was present in chief cells in 4 of 20 GJ and 3 of 9 CB tumors. All tumors stained with at least three neuroendocrine markers (29 of 29 NSE, 28 of 29 SYN, 26 of 29 CHA, 25 of 29 SER). CK was detected in 2 GJ and 1 CB tumor using anticytokeratins AE 1/3 and CAM 5.2. Neurofilament protein could not be demonstrated in fixed material, and all tumors were negative for GFAP and desmin. Vimentin was inconsistently detected in chief and sustentacular cells. We conclude that, in formalin-fixed material, paragangliomas have S-100 protein staining of sustentacular cells with chief cells containing antigens associated with neuroendocrine differentiation. The presence of CK in some paragangliomas is consistent with recent tissue culture studies demonstrating immunoblot confirmation of CK in pheochromocytomas and represents a potential source of immunohistologic misinterpretation in diagnosis, unless a panel of markers is utilized.
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PMID:Paragangliomas of the head and neck: immunohistochemical neuroendocrine and intermediate filament typing. 246 85

The clinicopathologic features of five cases of verrucous carcinoma of the vulva and their staining pattern with antikeratin monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3 were compared with those of conventional squamous cell carcinoma. Two patients had local recurrences but none died of the tumor. AE1 and AE3 antibodies stained the entire epithelial thickness in both verrucous and squamous cell carcinoma, but in the former the positivity was uniform and homogeneous everywhere, while in squamous cell carcinoma the positivity was extremely disorganized and patchy. The pattern of expression of monoclonal antibodies AE1 and AE3 confirms that verrucous carcinoma is an extremely well-differentiated squamous neoplasm in contrast to squamous cell carcinoma, which is heterogeneous from a viewpoint of differentiation.
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PMID:Verrucous carcinoma of the vulva. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of five cases. 246 25

An improved immunohistochemical determination of the cytokeratin profiles of epithelia and their neoplasms is possible using monoclonal antibodies that will either identify all 19 cytokeratins (AE1/3) or delineate specific subsets (35 beta H11, 34 beta E12, 34 beta B4 and Cam 5.2). Ovarian common "epithelial" tumors (CET) contain cytokeratin filaments. To determine the nature and differences in the cytokeratin profiles of ovarian CET, eight benign Brenner tumors, four serous cystadenofibromas, 28 mucinous tumors, 27 serous tumors and six endometrioid, five clear cell and five undifferentiated carcinomas, as well as nine normal ovaries were immunostained with the above five antibodies. AE1/3 staining was predominant, while Cam 5.2 and 35 beta H11 displayed the most frequent staining thereafter. Statistically significant staining differences were found between a number of tumor groups using the antibodies 35 beta H11, 34 beta E12 and Cam 5.2. In this study, all ovarian CET, except the benign Brenner tumors, displayed a predominantly low molecular weight cytokeratin profile. The same profile in the normal surface epithelium lends credence to the belief that these tumors are derived from this epithelium. A significant staining difference between some of the tumor types using some of the antibodies suggests a possible ancillary, diagnostic role of cytokeratin profiling in situations where exact tumor typing is difficult.
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PMID:The cytokeratin profiles of ovarian common "epithelial" tumors. 247 May 91

We investigated whether monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reactive against both acidic and basic cytokeratins alone were sufficient to detect minimal numbers of contaminating epithelial tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients. Monoclonal anti-cytokeratin antibodies (AE1 and AE3) were used to stain 14 breast carcinomas by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. Nine tumors (64.3%) showed high reactivity and five (35.7%) showed low or moderate reactivity. Nine MoAbs that proved to be unreactive to light density bone marrow cells by immunoalkaline phosphatase histochemistry were screened for reactivity to breast carcinomas having only low or moderate positivity to cytokeratin antibodies. Three of nine MoAbs showed high percentages of positivity and were selected to supplement the anti-cytokeratin antibodies for immunohistochemical detection of minimal marrow disease in breast cancer patients. A MoAb cocktail was prepared, further tested for reactivity to another five breast carcinomas, and compared with cytokeratin staining alone. The cocktail labeled 100% of carcinoma cells in all the examined specimens. To determine the sensitivity of this panel for detecting minimal numbers of contaminating tumor cells in bone marrow, in vitro mixing experiments were performed. T47D breast carcinoma cells were mixed with bone marrow mononuclear cells at ratios from one tumor cell per 10 bone marrow cells up to one tumor cell per 1 x 10(6) marrow cells, and cytospin preparations were subsequently stained with the MoAb cocktail by the immunoalkaline phosphatase method. Our approach could detect one tumor cell in 1 x 10(5) hematopoietic cells.
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PMID:A monoclonal antibody cocktail for detection of micrometastatic tumor cells in the bone marrow of breast cancer patients. 247 64

The presence of axillary metastases in carcinoma of the breast is of major prognostic significance. The avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical method was used to determine if a monoclonal antibody cocktail (AE1/AE3) to cytokeratins was as specific and sensitive in detecting metastases as routine light microscopic examination of hematoxylineosin (HE)-stained sections. This study was unique in that identical sections were examined by both standard HE and immunohistochemical methods. Ninety hyperplastic axillary lymph nodes, removed from 14 female patients for a variety of diagnostic reasons, demonstrated no epithelial cells by either technique. Six of 42 nodes removed from five patients with breast cancer and known axillary metastases demonstrated tumor cells when examined with HE, whereas 13 of these nodes demonstrated cytokeratin-positive metastases. The immunohistochemical detection of cytokeratin-positive axillary metastases is both specific and sensitive.
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PMID:Detection of metastatic breast carcinoma with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins. 169 1


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