Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Magnetic resonance imaging was utilized in 18 patients with prostatic cancer and compared with the findings in normal volunteers (Pontes et al., 1985), benign prostatic hyperplasia (Hricak et al., 1983), acute prostatitis (Walsh and Jewett, 1980) and chronic prostatitis (ACS, 1986). Sixteen of the 18 patients with carcinoma demonstrated inhomogeneous signal intensity, however, a similar appearance was also seen in 5 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. It does not appear that magnetic resonance imaging is able to reliably differentiate benign from malignant prostatic disease. Extra-prostatic tumor extension and pelvic adenopathy was demonstrated and the technique offers promise for the pre-operative staging of patients with known prostatic carcinomas.
 ...
PMID:Magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate. 244 26

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form of cancer affecting the kidney. There is currently no biochemical marker for this disease. We have shown that serum-immunoreactive prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, as measured by the two-site Ciba-Corning ACS:180 immunochemiluminometric assay, are elevated in women with RCC. Although the levels were low (0.13-0.89 microgram/l), serum PSA was clearly measurable prior to surgery in 13 of 17 women (76%) with RCC. Significantly, the PSA levels fell to undetectable after nephrectomy. Seventeen normal women also had undetectable (<0. 1 microgram/l) PSA levels. Two women, who had several serum PSA measurements performed postoperatively, showed a t(1/2) of 2-3 days equivalent to that observed for PSA in men following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The 17 RCCs evaluated in this study consisted of 10 stage A, 4 stage B, and 3 stage C tumors. There was no relationship between tumor size, stage, or serum-immunoreactive PSA level, although the majority of these tumors are low grade. We have shown by reverse transcription-PCR, using PCR primers directed to the NH2 terminal coding region of the KLK3 (PSA) gene and the closely related KLK1 and KLK2 genes, that these genes are not expressed in these tumors. Our findings show, however, that elevated levels of a circulating PSA-like protein are present in women with RCC.
 ...
PMID:A prostate-specific antigen-like protein associated with renal cell carcinoma in women. 981 28

Centralized Laboratory Services, Inc. is a large, freestanding laboratory that underwent a major equipment reconfiguration for the performance of endocrine/tumor marker/anemia assays (N = 15) in August 1995. Before the transition these assays were done on six instruments, none of which were computer interfaced. All assays were subsequently consolidated on four ACS-180+ instruments (Chiron Diagnostics, Norwood, MA), which were interfaced to our laboratory information system (Cerner Corp, Kansas City, MO). Our experience suggests that significant increases in productivity and reductions in cost are possible through instrument upgrades. Both laboratory-specific and analytical system-specific factors were found to be important in the optimal selection of immunoassay technology. As laboratorians necessarily adjust to changing economic and organizational circumstances and are compelled to "do more with less," technology assessment will become an increasingly important function for senior laboratory management.
 ...
PMID:Selection factors in the choice of immunoassay technology: implementing technology in the new era. 1017 1

To determine the frequency that high-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences influenced surgical decision making during intraoperative MR-guided surgery. From January 1997 to February 2001, 346 MR-guided procedures were performed using a 1.5-Tesla MR system (NT-ACS, Philips Medical Systems). This system can perform functional MR imaging (fMRI), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), MR spectroscopy (MRS), MR angiography (MRA), and MR venography (MRV) in addition to T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and turbo FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) imaging. FMRI was used to determine areas of brain activation for language, motor function, and memory. DWI was utilized after tumor resection to exclude cerebral ischemia or infarction. MRS was obtained to identify areas of elevated choline that were suspected to correlate with tumor presence. MRA and MRV localized vascular structures adjacent to tumors prior to resection. The intraoperative procedures performed included 140 brain biopsies of which 82 utilized a trajectory guide and prospective stereotaxy. MRS was used in 42 biopsies (30%), of which 29 had turbo spectroscopic imaging (TSI) and 21 had single voxel spectroscopy (SVS). In all biopsy cases, diagnostic tissue was obtained. There were 103 tumor resections of which 18 (17%) had MRS. Functional MRI was used in 17 cases; 3 biopsies (2%) and 14 planned resections (14%). Speech function was localized in 3 cases, memory function in 3, and motor function in 11. In one case where the motor function of the tongue was intimately involved with a low-grade glioma, resection was not attempted. DWI was used in less than 10% of tumor resections. MRA and MRV were performed in 3 (3%) and 2 (2%) of tumor resections, respectively. The imaging capabilities (i.e., fMRI, DWI, MRA, MRV) associated with high-field intraoperative MR influenced surgical decision making primarily for tumor resections. MRS influenced target selection during brain biopsy.
 ...
PMID:Influence of 1.5-Tesla intraoperative MR imaging on surgical decision making. 1257 Jan 35

Although prostate specific antigen (PSA) is widely used in the discrimination of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer, its diagnostic value is controversial due to an appreciable false positive rate. In the present study, we compared a recently introduced assay method, equimolar PSA measurement, to non-equimolar PSA measurement and also determined the diagnostic value of percent free PSA with changing total PSA (tPSA) measurements. Between April 1999 and December 2001, the sera of 61 patients with BPH and 41 with prostate cancer were examined. Total PSA and free PSA was determined using the Immulite 2000 assay system, whereas equimolar tPSA measurement was performed using Bayer PSA Q for the Chiron ACS 180 system. Comparative analysis of the two different assays revealed better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values for equimolar tPSA measurement, which in turn would have led to 10% of the patients avoiding an unnecessary biopsy. Additionally, percent free PSA with the changing denominator of tPSA assays showed that the free PSA/equimolar tPSA ratio was the best tumor marker among the studied forms of PSA. It was concluded that equimolar tPSA measurement using recombinant Fab fragments is superior to the classical measurements with monoclonal antibodies, and that the use of percent free PSA with the equimolarly measured tPSA has better sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of benign and malignant diseases of the prostate.
 ...
PMID:Increased discrimination between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer with equimolar total prostate specific antigen measurement. 1275 94

The abdominal compartment syndrome has received considerable attention only recently. It may be defined as adverse physiologic consequences that occur as a result of an acute increase in the intraabdominal pressure. The most common causes of ACS are haemorrhage, visceral oedema, pancreatitis, bowel distension, venous mesenterial obstruction, abdominal packs, tense ascites, peritonitis, tumor. The mostly affected organ systems include cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, central nervous and splanchnic. The diagnosis depends on the recognition of the clinical syndrome followed by an objective measurement of intraabdominal pressure, preferably that of the urinary bladder. The treatment consists of adequate fluid resuscitation and surgical decompression when necessary. (Tab. 1, Ref. 29.).
 ...
PMID:The abdominal compartment syndrome. 1283 Sep 94

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the most important tumor marker for the detection of prostate cancer, exists in serum in a free, uncomplexed form (free PSA [fPSA]), and as bound to protease inhibitors (mainly alpha1-antichymotrypsin [ACT]). The measurement of complexed PSA (cPSA) concentration in serum has been shown to have better sensitivity and specificity than serum total PSA concentration. A new chemiluminescent immunoassay for cPSA for use on the Bayer ACS:180 fully automated system (Bayer Corp, Tarrytown, NY) has been developed and evaluated. The precision of the new assay was <3.9% (within-run coefficient of variation [CV]) and <5.0% (total CV). The analytical sensitivity (95% upper limit of noise at zero calibrator) was <0.03 ng/mL. A comparison of the ACS:180 cPSA results with the cPSA concentrations calculated from the ACCESS (Beckman-Coulter) PSA and fPSA assays yielded the following regression equation: ACS:180 cPSA=0.93* (calculated ACCESS cPSA)+0.43, R=0.993, n=95. The mean dilution and spike recovery for five samples were both 98%. No interference was observed from hemoglobin, triglyceride, or bilirubin (NCCLS protocol). These results indicate that the ACS:180 cPSA assay is precise, and compares well with the calculated cPSA from ACCESS total and free-PSA results.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for complexed PSA on the Bayer ACS:180 system. 1293 46

Assay of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is mainly used for the detection and monitoring of pregnancy, and for the follow-up of trophoblastic tumors. The serum free beta-hCG subunit (hCGbeta) is also a tumor marker in many non-trophoblastic tumors, including gastrointestinal cancers. In this work, we compared the performance of several immunoassays for pregnancy exclusion before liver transplantation and in the follow-up of a woman with cholangiocarcinoma. Serum hCG was detected with the Abbott Testpack plus hCG-Combo and measured with four automated sandwich immunoassays: ADVIA-Centaur, ACS:180, AxSYM and Dimension. hCGbeta was determined by an automated fluorescence sandwich immunoassay (Kryptor-Free beta hCG) and with a specific immunoradiometric assay (ELSA-F beta hCG, Schering). The expression of hCG was also evaluated by immunohistochemistry on sections of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells and on peritoneal metastases. Before transplantation, discordant results were observed for pregnancy exclusion. Qualitative Testpack and Dimension tests detected no hCG-like immunoreactivity, whereas the ADVIA-Centaur, ACS:180 and AxSYM tests revealed positive levels. The same discrepancy was obtained in follow-up of the patient after liver transplantation. hCGbeta assay and immunohistochemical staining revealed tumor cell secretion of hCGbeta. In conclusion, a specific serum immunoassay for intact dimeric hCG without cross-reaction with hCGbeta should be adopted as routine policy for pregnancy exclusion before liver transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Importance of the detection method for intact dimeric human chorionic gonadotropin without interference with the free human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit for pregnancy exclusion before liver transplantation in a woman with cholangiocarcinoma. 1621 85

Recent insight into how mammalian cells adapt their translational machinery to hypoxic conditions raises the possibility of targeting components of the regulatory networks involved to selectively inhibit metabolically compromised tumor cells and possibly manipulate a broad range of other physiological processes.
ACS Chem Biol 2006 Apr 25
PMID:Targeting translation in hypoxic tumors. 1716 61

Much of the attention devoted to the elucidation of multidrug-resistance mechanisms in tumor cells has focused on transmembrane drug transporters and their ability to pump drug molecules from the cytosol to the extracellular medium. However, intracellular drug concentrations often remain high in drug-resistant cells and therefore do not explain how drug pumping at the plasma membrane confers multidrug resistance. Recent work indicates how drug sequestration in cytoplasmic organelles can account for these paradoxical results and how cellular pharmacokinetics may be exploited to target the activity of small molecules to specific cell types.
ACS Chem Biol 2006 Jun 20
PMID:The great multidrug-resistance paradox. 1716 60


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>