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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aspiration specimens from 12 patients with histologically documented ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS) of the breast (seven patients) or DCIS with minute foci of stromal invasion (five) were evaluated. Five patients presented with palpable masses, 1.5-4.0 cm, and four patients presented with localized thickening, associated with nipple erosion and discharge in two of them. One patient had nipple inversion, and one patient had bilateral nipple discharge. In one patient, no apparent abnormality of the breast was present. Mammography was either suspicious for or strongly suggestive of carcinoma in 10 patients and negative in two. Aspirates from all patients were composed of fragments of atypical ductal epithelium and numerous single epithelial cells. In nine cases, the smears were hypercellular and similar to aspirates of typical invasive ductal carcinoma. Calcifications were present in six cases. In four of these, associated tumor necrosis was evident. Cytologic features separating DCIS patients from those showing minimal stromal invasion or common types of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were not identified. We conclude that fine-needle aspiration cytology of DCIS is identical to that of IDC. If preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy is considered in the management of invasive breast carcinoma, cutting-needle biopsy for confirmation of tumor invasion is necessary.
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PMID:Ductal carcinoma-in-situ of the breast: fine-needle aspiration cytology of 12 cases. 255 63

A total of 27 cases of salivary gland adenocarcinomas were studied from clinicopathological view point. Adenocarcinomas of the salivary gland were microscopically subclassified into 3 groups according to Luna's classification: Salivary duct carcinomas histologically resembled the ductal carcinoma of the breast, displayed nuclear atypia and had poorer prognosis than the other subclasses of salivary gland adenocarcinomas. Terminal duct carcinomas lacked in nuclear atypia and displayed a variety of growth patterns, including papillary, cribriform, tubular, and solid. Some terminal duct carcinomas showed prominent mucin-production. Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas had clear cytoplasms and exuberant glycogen. In addition to the clinicopathological study, nuclear areas of the tumor cells were measured in each of the 27 salivary gland adenocarcinomas, and mean nuclear area (MMA) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated. The group with more than 50 microns 2 of MNA had poorer prognosis than the group with 50 microns 2 or less of MNA, and the group with more than 13 microns 2 of SD had poorer prognosis than the group with 13 microns 2 or less of SD. Finally, immunohistochemical study was performed against various markers including keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, lactoferrin, S-100 protein, CEA, etc., using the Avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Lactoferrin was present in most of the salivary duct carcinomas, on the other hand, S-100 protein was detected in all of the five cases of the terminal duct carcinoma investigated. But immunohistochemical study is not especially useful in distinguishing subclasses of salivary gland adenocarcinomas or investigating the origin of tumor cells.
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study of salivary gland adenocarcinomas]. 255 59

To clarify the relationship between the extent of the intraductal component and the invasive component in cases of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, we divided 87 such cases into two groups, Group I in which the intraductal component extended for less than 10 mm (36 cases) and Group II in which the intraductal component extended for 10 mm or more (51 cases). On histological slides, there was an association between the extent of the intraductal component and the pattern of invasion. The majority (80.6%) of Group I IDC cases showed an invasive component composed of one invasive nodule, whereas 62.7% of Group II IDC cases showed an invasive component composed of two or more such nodules. On gross and microscopical examination, Group II IDC showed a significantly larger mean tumor size than Group I IDC (23.4 +/- 8.9 mm vs. 18.3 +/- 6.6 mm, P less than 0.002 & 24.1 +/- 14.1 mm vs. 17.1 +/- 6.5 mm, P less than 0.002). A similar result was obtained by clinical examination (41.8 +/- 17.0 mm vs. 29.5 +/- 11.6 mm, P less than 0.0001). These results suggest that Group II ductal carcinomas may frequently develop multiple stromal invasion, resulting suddenly in a sizeable breast mass perceived by the patient.
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PMID:Relationship between the extent of intraductal component and that of the invasive component in ductal carcinomas of the breast. 256 Mar 11

Fodrin (nonerythroid spectrin) is a 475,000 molecular weight (MW) (apparent) heterodimeric actin-binding protein usually found in mature cells at the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. While its precise role is uncertain, it may participate in the establishment and/or maintenance of cell polarity, shape, and specialized receptor domains. In polarized epithelial cells, an asymmetric distribution of fodrin appears to signal phenotypic maturity. Using immunohistochemical techniques, the distribution of fodrin in enterocytes during normal crypt-to-villus maturation, and in adenomas, adenocarcinomas, and cultured Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells has been studied and its abundance quantitated by immunoblotting and digital immunofluorescent confocal microscopy. During normal maturation, fodrin was found to assemble at the apex of the enterocyte, presumably in the terminal web, only in those cells near the villus tip. Villin was found in an apical location in both crypt and surface enterocytes. In adenocarcinomas of the colon (n = 11), there were enhanced levels of fodrin at the apex, and an approximately threefold increase in the total amount of fodrin per cell relative to normal crypt enterocytes. An increased percentage of this protein was also found in the cytoplasm. Adenomas (n = 7), nonconfluent MDCK cells in culture, and two (of two) cases of ductal carcinoma of the breast also demonstrated enhanced cytoplasmic and total fodrin. Supranormal levels of fodrin at the apex of enterocytes were also observed in Crohn's disease samples and in the normal-appearing enterocytes adjacent to a tumor. It is hypothesized that increased apical fodrin may signal a reaction of the microvillar brush border to pathologic stress, while increased cytoplasmic and total pools of fodrin may mark neoplastic activity. These findings may be of diagnostic value, particularly in the evaluation of small biopsies or cytologic material.
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PMID:Fodrin as a differentiation marker. Redistributions in colonic neoplasia. 259 76

A breast biopsy was performed in 19 patients for the finding of new mammographic calcifications without an associated palpable or mammographic mass after breast-conserving surgery and definitive irradiation for early stage breast cancer. The interval postradiotherapy was 9 to 96 months with a median of 34 months. Eleven of the biopsy specimens (58%) were positive for recurrent breast cancer and eight (42%) were negative. The pathologic results from the positive biopsy specimens showed four with invasive ductal carcinoma, two with microinvasive ductal carcinoma, four with intraductal carcinoma, and one with lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Treatment consisted of mastectomy in eight patients, mastectomy plus chemotherapy in one patient, and biopsy for the patient with LCIS. One patient refused a recommended mastectomy. All 11 patients with recurrent carcinoma are alive with no evidence of disease after salvage therapy, although follow-up is short (median, 14 months; range, 0-48 months). Calcifications which developed in a quadrant different from the initial tumor tended to be malignant with four of five having a positive biopsy result. Microcalcifications were not commonly associated with the initial tumor with only five of 19 having microcalcifications. These results show that the development of new calcifications in the postirradiated breast is associated with a positive biopsy rate of 58% and that the tumors which are found tend to be early and potentially salvageable. The positive biopsy rate of 58% in the postirradiated breast is in marked contrast to the lower positive biopsy rate for microcalcifications in the nonirradiated breast as reported in the literature.
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PMID:Biopsy results of new calcifications in the postirradiated breast. 270 68

An autopsy case of glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma (GRCCC) which arose in the right breast of a 72-year-old woman is reported. Light microscopic examination of the small finger-tip-sized tumor revealed solid alveolar proliferation of clear cells containing abundant glycogen. Immunohistochemically, most of the clear tumor cells were stained for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and alpha-lactalbumin, whereas a few eosinophilic tumor cells were positive for S-100 protein, EMA and actin. Electron microscopically, aggregates of glycogen particles, numerous empty glycogen lakes, microvilli, tight junctions and basal lamina were identified. Autopsy disclosed marked metastases to the liver, lung, adrenal, skin and lymph nodes. Primary breast cancer was confirmed by exclusion of a primary at any other site. It is suggested that although rare, GRCCC of the breast is as aggressive as usual invasive ductal carcinoma, and is associated with severe nodal and blood-borne metastases, followed by death.
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PMID:Glycogen-rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast. An autopsy case. 280 Nov 17

The extent of excision prior to radiation for breast cancer is controversial. Three hundred evaluable patients with invasive ductal carcinoma received radiation therapy after gross tumor excision. The median follow-up was 70 months. Local recurrence was related to the presence of an extensive intraductal component (EIC) in addition to the invasive ductal carcinoma. From operative notes and pathology reports, patients with an EIC were categorized as having discrete masses with the extent of disease confirmed histologically or as having one of five criteria in which the final pathologic findings revealed more intraductal disease than was evident grossly or by frozen section. After ten years of follow-up, the local failure rate of patients without an EIC (193) was 3% compared with 35% for those with an EIC (107). Eight-year recurrence rates were 18% for clearly defined tumors and 71% for tumors in which the intraductal component was detectable only histologically.
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PMID:Identification of patients at high risk for local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiation therapy for stage I or II breast cancer. 282 43

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast is histologically heterogeneous and may be subdivided into three main types (A, B, and C) which correlate with the likelihood of long-term survival. Examples of each type were tested against three monoclonal antibodies (H59, H71, and H72) prepared against the breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1. The reaction patterns of type B tumors were significantly different from those of types A and C with antibodies H59 and H71, but not with H72. Thus, the reactivity to these monoclonal antibodies, and presumably the antigen composition of the tumor cells, correlates with the histologic appearances and probability of long-term survival.
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PMID:Relationships between histology, monoclonal antibody reactivity, and prognosis in breast cancer. 282 20

Three patients are described who had invasive ductal carcinoma associated with noncaseating epithelioid granulomas. Multinucleated giant cells, predominantly of Langhans' type, were present in the granulomas. The granulomas were restricted to the carcinoma, and no granulomatous response was evident in regional lymph nodes. None of the patients had clinical evidence of systemic granulomatous disease, although one patient subsequently was found to have hepatic portal granulomas. This uncommon tissue response to neoplasm is distinct from carcinomas with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. Similarly, the process differs from the granulomas presenting in axillary lymph nodes that drain a carcinoma.
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PMID:Invasive carcinoma of the breast with granulomatous response. 282 12

The clinical and pathologic findings in 29 patients whose primary breast neoplasm manifested the microscopic pattern of spindle cell carcinoma or extensive squamous or pseudosarcomatous metaplasia were studied. In several of the tumors, the diagnosis of primary sarcoma or squamous cell carcinoma was excluded only after a prolonged search for evidence of invasive ductal carcinoma. The paucity of axillary lymph node metastases and the circumscription of these neoplasms belied their aggressive clinical behavior. The size of the neoplasm at the time of initial treatment best correlated with prognosis, since the majority of patients whose carcinoma was less than 4 cm in diameter pursued a favorable course. The lack of correlation of the microscopic pattern of these neoplasms with prognosis, as well as the presence of apparent overlapping microscopic findings, supports the concept that they are variants of a single entity.
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PMID:Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. A clinicopathologic study of 29 patients. 282 49


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