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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytometric determination of S-phase fraction and ploidy type was performed on 430 tumors detected within a randomized trial of mammographic screening. The results were compared to several histopathologic features. A high S-phase fraction was estimated in tumors with a high grade of malignancy and other histopathologic findings related to rapid tumor progression, including lack of tubule formation, a high mitotic index, marked nuclear pleomorphism, multifocal cancer growth, tumor emboli in lymphatic and blood vessels, tumor necrosis, and inflammatory reaction. DNA aneuploidy was correlated with a high malignancy grade, frequent mitoses, a high degree of nuclear pleomorphism, vascular invasion, necrosis, and the presence of noninvasive ductal carcinoma. Both cytometric variables were inversely related to the degree of elastosis. Positive nodes, large tumor size, DNA aneuploidy, a high S-phase fraction, high grade of malignancy, lack of tubule formation, as well as high mitotic index and pleomorphism, presence of multifocal cancer, and vascular invasion, predicted a significantly shorter distant recurrence-free interval after a median follow-up time of 46.6 months. Elastosis and the presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors indicated favorable prognosis. In the multivariate analysis, only lymph node status, tumor size, S-phase fraction, and multifocal growth pattern had independent prognostic value.
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PMID:Cytometric and histopathologic features of tumors detected in a randomized mammography screening program: correlation and relative prognostic influence. 219 42

For stage I or II breast cancer, conservative surgery and radiation therapy are as effective as modified radical or radical mastectomy. In most cases, cosmetic considerations and the availability of therapy are the primary concerns. The extent of a surgical resection less than a mastectomy has not been a subject of a randomized trial and is controversial. It appears that removal of a quadrant of the breast for small lesions is safe but excessive. Using histologic findings in the biopsy as a guide, it may be possible to limit the breast resection to gross tumor removal for most patients while using wider resections for patients with an extensive intraductal component or for invasive lobular carcinoma. It also appears that excluding patients from breast conservation on the basis of positive margins on the first attempt at tumor excision may be unnecessarily restrictive. Although patients with an extensive intraductal component or invasive lobular carcinoma should have negative margins, it appears that a patient with predominantly invasive ductal carcinoma can be treated without re-excision if all gross tumor has been resected and there is no reason to suspect extensive microscopic disease. Patients with indeterminate margins should have a re-excision. Axillary dissection provides prognostic information and prevents progression of the disease within the axilla. Axillary dissections limited to level I will accurately identify a substantial number of patients who have pathologically positive but clinically negative nodes. When combined with radiation therapy to the axilla, a level I dissection results in a limited number of patients with progressive axillary disease. Patients with pathologically positive axillas and patients at particularly high risk for systemic disease because of the extent of axillary node involvement can be identified by dissections of levels I and II. Radiation therapy can be avoided safely in patients who have pathologically negative axillas by level I and II dissection. There appears to be no advantage to routine dissection of level III lymph nodes. Lymphedema of the arm and breast increases with more extensive dissections and with radiation therapy.
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PMID:Results of conservative surgery and radiation therapy for breast cancer. 221 16

An elderly woman presented with an enlarged uterus without uterine bleeding. The hysterectomy specimen contained a large, solitary intrauterine mass. Microscopic examination revealed metastatic poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma infiltrating an endometrial polyp. This metastatic tumor appeared histologically identical to the patient's ductal carcinoma of the breast removed by modified radical mastectomy 6 years earlier. An extrapelvic primary carcinoma metastatic to tan endometrial polyp is a very rare event but should be included in the differential diagnosis of endometrial carcinomas.
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PMID:Breast carcinoma metastatic to endometrial polyp. 222 81

The prognostic significance of histopathologic classification of ductal breast carcinoma as scar and non-scar types was studied among 311 patients with breast cancer, followed up for a minimum of 22 years after the diagnosis or until death. Ninety-six (31%) cancers were of scar type and they had a more favourable prognosis than the cancers of non-scar type (p = 0.0001). The scar cancers were more often well differentiated (p less than 0.0001), had more pronounced inflammatory cell reaction (p less than 0.0001), less nuclear pleomorphism (p less than 0.0001), less tumor necrosis (p less than 0.0001), and a lower mitotic rate (p less than 0.0001) than the non-scar cancers. It was less common for patients with scar cancer to have axillary lymph node metastases (p = 0.01) and their primary tumor was smaller (p = 0.006). In flow cytometric analysis the scar cancers were more often DNA diploid (p = 0.004) with S-phase fraction below the median (p = 0.0002). In a multivariate analysis the association of cancer with a scar did not appear as an independent prognostic factor, whereas histologic grade (p less than 0.001) and extent of tumor necrosis (p less than 0.001) did. We conclude that the classification of breast cancer as scar and non-scar types has less prognostic value than the conventional histopathologic grading.
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PMID:Long-term prognosis of scar and non-scar cancers of the breast. 224 68

The presence of melanin pigment in the cytoplasm of breast carcinoma cells has been reported. Fine-needle aspiration of a solitary lung lesion in a woman who had undergone mastectomy for ductal carcinoma revealed malignant cells consistent with the primary mammary tumor; many of these tumor cells contained melanin pigment.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration of a metastatic breast carcinoma in the lung with melanin pigmentation: a case report. 229 22

Chromosome counts were performed on 1,100 cells from 17 malignant breast carcinomas and on 168 cells of four normal tissue samples after amethopterin treatment and G-banding. Karyotypes were established from 216 cells of 11 tumor-derived cultures and from 47 cells of four nonmalignant tissue-derived cultures. Karyotypes of cells from nonmalignant samples showed a normal diploid chromosomal constitution with no consistent loss or gain of a specific chromosome. Structural chromosomal abnormalities were not observed. Tumor-derived cultures could be distinguished from normal cultures on the basis of a significantly increased incidence of numerical changes and structural chromosomal aberrations. In nine of 11 tumor-derived cultures, numerically normal cells were shown to be pseudodiploid, with frequencies ranging to 43% (mean, 13.2%) of the diploid cells. In agreement with previous reports, cytogenetic analyses showed predominantly diploid cells. Clonal numerical changes of chromosomes 17, 18, 20, and 21 could be detected in three tumor samples. Clonal structural abnormalities could be observed in two of 11 analyzed tumours. A t(6;12)(p21;p13) and an enlarged chromosome 7 (7q+) were found in a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma. An inversion of chromosome 7 [inv(7)(q11.2q32)] was observed in one case, also diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma. The significance of these findings in relation to clinical data is discussed.
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PMID:Cytogenetics of breast cancer. 234 Apr 93

Five monoclonal antibodies recognizing different keratin polypeptides in immunoblotting or different epithelial cell types in complex tissues were studied for their suitability as reagents for the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary malignant epithelial liver tumors. The broad specificity keratin antibodies lu-5 and KL-1 stained all epithelial liver neoplasms. In contrast the antibodies CK-7 (Ker-7-specific), CK-2 (Ker-18-specific) and KA-4 (Ker-19-specific in liver) allow these neoplasms to be divided into three groups: Hepatocellular carcinomas were CK-2-positive and CK-7-negative. Cholangiocellular carcinomas, liver metastases of extrahepatic bile duct carcinomas, liver metastases of a ductal carcinoma of breast, and a follicular thyroid carcinoma were stained positively by CK-2, CK-7, and KA-4. In 1 of 6 hepatocellular carcinomas neoplastic hepatocytes were focally labeled by KA-4. In a focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver modified hepatocytes were decorated not only by CK-2 but also by CK-7 and KA-4. Liver metastases of colorectal adenocarcinomas and of a carcinoid tumor were stained positively by CK-2 and KA-4 but not by CK-7.
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PMID:Keratin polypeptides in malignant epithelial liver tumors. Differential diagnostic and histogenetic aspects. 243 41

TNM classification, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, histological type of primary tumor, ER status and biological tumor markers have been recognized as prognostic factors in breast cancer. The 673 breast cancer patients undergoing radical mastectomy at this department were analyzed for TNM classification influencing on the postoperative prognosis. Five-and ten- year survival rates were 93% and 89% in stage I, 83.9% and 75.5% in stage II, 67.3% and 60% in stage III. The most common histological type, namely, invasive ductal carcinoma, of primary breast cancer was classified into three types by Japan Mammary Cancer Society. The first type was papillotubular carcinoma, the second solid-tubular carcinoma, and the third scirrhous carcinoma. The prognosis of papillotubular carcinoma was best. Many investigators reported that the prognosis of ER positive breast cancer was good. But in the latest report, the opposite result is obtained. More study is necessary to evaluate the prognostic value of ER. The most common biological tumor markers were CEA, LDH and ALP. The CEA was the best prognosis-factor in biological tumor markers.
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PMID:[Factors influencing on the prognosis in breast cancer]. 245 37

In order to study the vascular proliferation in human breast cancer, blood vessels were counted, per square millimeter, in the tissue immediately around tumors. Mastectomized specimens of 84 patients with breast cancer and specimens from 10 patients with benign mammary diseases were stained by hematoxylin eosin and, where required, by the avidin biotin peroxidase complex method for laminin staining. The vascular density around the breast cancer tissue was 20.35 +/- 8.40/mm2, which was significantly higher than the value of 13.44 +/- 5.85/mm2 for noncancerous mammary tissues (p less than 0.001) or the value of 12.65 +/- 4.12/mm2 for benign mammary disease tissues (p less than 0.01). Among the breast cancers, noninvasive carcinoma had a higher vascular density (28.44 +/- 6.15/mm2) than invasive carcinoma (19.73 +/- 8.22/mm2, p less than 0.02). According to the Japan Mammary Cancer Society Classification of invasive ductal carcinoma, vascularity was higher in the papillotubular type of cancer than in the solid-tubular or scirrhous types of cancer (p less than 0.02), although the papillotubular type had the lowest rate of nodal metastasis and vascular invasion as compared with the scirrhous and solid-tubular types. The vascular density around the tumors did not change in association with an increase in tumor size and it was suggested that blood vessels around a tumor would increase almost in proportion to the square of the tumor diameter.
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PMID:A study on the vascular proliferation in tissues around the tumor in breast cancer. 245 29

We studied a series of 585 patients with non-invasive or invasive ductal carcinoma in an attempt to assess the significance of elastosis. Elastosis in the neoplasm was recognized in 60% of the 549 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma. The grade of elastosis was correlated with both the histologic grade of differentiation and the 5-year survival rate. The incidence of elastosis, however, was 17% in the 36 patients with non-invasive ductal carcinoma and 38% in the 21 with invasive ductal carcinoma with a predominant intraductal component. The increased elastic tissue may therefore be influenced by the stromal infiltration of cancer cells. Mastectomy specimens from another series of 100 patients with mammary carcinoma were examined with regard to the volume of elastic tissue. Increased periductal elastic fibers were also identified in the non-neoplastic tissue, but the volume density was far less than in the neoplasm. A significant correlation was found between the increased amount of periductal elastic fibers in the non-neoplastic tissue, periductal elastosis of the neoplasm and an increase in parity. We propose that cancer cells in mammary carcinoma exert an inductive effect on mesenchymal cells for the synthesis of elastic material, under the basic condition of an increased amount of elastic fibers with an increase in parity.
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PMID:Elastosis in neoplastic and non-neoplastic tissues from patients with mammary carcinoma. 246 12


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