Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Urinary neopterin levels were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography in 15 patients with liver cirrhosis, 18 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 20 normal subjects. The mean levels of urinary neopterin in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma were significantly elevated (p less than 0.01) compared to those in cirrhotics and normal subjects, but did not significantly differ between cirrhotics and normal subjects. Urinary neopterin levels correlated significantly with tumor size in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma but not with serum alpha-fetoprotein. Hepatocellular carcinoma patients with high urinary neopterin levels appeared to have more serious hepatic dysfunction than those with normal urinary neopterin levels, and moreover, there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) in survival between the two groups. These findings suggest that urinary neopterin excretion may be a good biochemical marker to assess the progression of tumor and a useful prognostic indicator in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:Prognostic significance of urinary neopterin levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. 285 55

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), one of the most frequent tumors in the world, is included by the World Health Organization as a relevant public health problem in areas of high incidence as Africa and Southeast of Asia. In this review it will be discussed: a) the close relationship between HCC and hepatitis B virus (HBV), the more universal but not the single etiologic factor having other carcinogens and co-carcinogens involved with the origen of the tumor; b) the great variation in geographic distribution of this tumor, including that of Brazil where the incidence of HCC, including the new macroscopic classification according to the pattern of growth and general with liver cirrhosis in all countries where the tumor is diagnosed; d) some morphological aspects of HCC, including the new macroscopic classification according to the pattern of growth and general characteristics of small HCC; e) the clinical and biochemical aspects, calling attention to the evaluation of serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, not always increased in patients with HCC, and the immage processing methods, specially ultrassonography, as methods for early diagnosis of HCC, being relevant in the follow-up of high risk patients (cirrhotics HBsAg (+]. Finally some comments are done about the therapeutic methods and perspectives of reduction in the incidence of the tumor with the use of vaccination against HBV infection.
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PMID:[Hepatocellular carcinoma]. 285 22

Hepatocellular carcinoma has a lower prevalence and presents at a later age in urban Blacks than in rural Blacks. These differences have previously been shown not to be attributable to differences in serum hepatitis B virus markers. In the present study, the average age of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a developing urban Black population is shown to have risen from 38.9 to 56.5 years (p less than 0.0001) over a 20-year interval, while the prevalence of co-existing cirrhosis has declined from 66 to 44% (p less than 0.05) and tissue HBsAg positivity has fallen from 44 to 17.7% (p = 0.002). The lower prevalence of tissue HBsAg in the recent patients may be explained by their older age. Macronodular cirrhosis was present in 56% of cases in the earlier period but declined to 18.9% in the later period, with micronodular cirrhosis becoming the dominant nontumor pathology (p = 0.002). Liver damage attributable to the abuse of alcohol is now found in more than half of the cases (48/90) of hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in this population. The remainder show no changes (12 cases) or show macronodular or incomplete septal cirrhosis (30 cases), presumed to be of viral origin. The latter cases are more likely to have serum markers of current hepatitis B virus infection than those with evidence of alcohol abuse. We conclude that alcohol is increasing in importance as an etiologic association of hepatocellular carcinoma in urban South African Blacks. At the same time, the prevalence of macronodular cirrhosis (and of cirrhosis as a whole) in urban patients with this tumor has declined. The reason for this decline is not known.
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PMID:Liver morphology in southern African blacks with hepatocellular carcinoma: a study within the urban environment. 298 64

Liver cancer is the most common of all malignancies worldwide, its incidence reaching almost epidemic proportions in some countries. However, its significance in North America has generally been underemphasized. In a 5 year period, hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed in 35 adult patients in our institution. Preexisting liver inflammation was present in 27 of the patients (77 percent). Although most patients had symptoms, they included only poorly defined pain or cachexia in most cases, and 10 patients (29 percent) were totally asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis. Five patients presented with hemoperitoneum due to intraabdominal tumor rupture. Examinations useful in confirming the diagnosis included alpha-fetoprotein determination, liver scan, and computerized tomographic scanning. Eight patients (23 percent) had associated visceral or other malignancies. The outlook was poor, with a mean survival of 5 months, and only two patients survived more than 1 year. Hepatocellular carcinoma is uncommon but not at all rare in the Pacific Northwest. It arises from chronic liver inflammation, is diagnosed late, and has a grim prognosis. Prevention of various forms of chronic liver inflammation, and mass serial screening of populations at high risk for the development of hepatocellular malignancy will probably have the greatest role in reducing the lethality of this disease.
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PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma. A 5 year institutional experience. 298 72

The androgen receptor content of normal human liver, hepatocellular carcinoma, and surrounding liver tissue was determined in patients with chronic liver disease. Androgen receptor was detected in all six normal livers obtained from 4 men and 2 women. The androgen receptor content in these 6 individuals ranged from 5.0 to 10.2 fmol/mg protein (Kd 10.6-31.8 X 10(-10) M). The livers from 2 patients with chronic active hepatitis and from 10 cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had detectable amounts of androgen receptor ranging from 2.0 to 14.8 fmol/mg protein (Kd 4.0-30.9 X 10(-10) M). Androgen receptor was found in the cytosol of 14 of 19 men with hepatocellular carcinoma. The titer ranged from 3.7 to 45.4 fmol/mg protein (Kd 3.2-21.4 X 10(-10) M). Hepatocellular carcinoma had a significantly higher concentration of androgen receptor than did the surrounding cirrhotic liver tissue. In 2 men and 1 woman, androgen receptor was detected in the cirrhotic liver but not in the tumor. In the remaining 3 men, both tumor and cirrhotic liver were negative for androgen receptor.
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PMID:Androgen receptors in hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding parenchyma. 299 Oct 72

This discussion outlines the different liver tumors described in association with the use of oral contraceptives (OCs). The relationship between hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) and OC was the first to be demonstrated, and this association now is firmly established. A relationship exists between the duration of intake of OC and the incidence of tumors. Moreover, the potency of the OC prescriptions influences the risk of tumor. In older patients this relationship with the duration of OC intake is less clear, but the frequency of the tumor is higher. Several reports of spontaneous regression of HCA after withdrawal of OC use have been published, but this regression is not always observed. If OC use is continued or the patient becomes pregnant, a greatly increased risk for complications such as bleeding and rupture of the tumor has been observed. Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is diagnosed with increasing frequency in both males and females. Most females are using OC when the tumor is diagnosed. FNH also is found in males and in children not using hormonal drugs. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is rare in the young age group. The association with OC is documented only by case reports, and large series are not published. The claimed transition of FNH or HCA to HCC is not firmly established. The incidence of HCC did not significantly increase after the introduction of OC. The association between the duration of intake of OC and HCA is not found for HCC. Often the fibrolammellar type of HCC is found in OC users. Recently, it was shown that fibrolammellar HCC is the predominant type of HCC in young women, irrespective of the intake of OC.
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PMID:Liver tumours associated with contraceptive hormonal treatment. 300 86

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is more prevalent in males than it is in females, which has often been explained by the fact that alcoholism and chronic hepatitis B virus infection are more prevalent among males. The current studies, using biochemical and autoradiographic methods, verified that HCC contains higher concentrations of androgen receptors than the surrounding liver parenchyma and that extrinsically given testosterone are actively taken up by such tumors. These results may suggest that HCC is an androgen-dependent tumor and that, therefore, this tumor is more prevalent in males than it is in females.
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PMID:Active uptake of testosterone by androgen receptors of hepatocellular carcinoma in humans. 300 76

This article describes the cytologic features of various primary hepatic neoplasms as seen in fine-needle aspirates. Hepatocellular carcinoma can be differentiated from metastatic carcinoma by its tendency to recapitulate the characteristics of normal hepatocytes, namely, resemblance of the neoplastic cells to liver cells, growth in trabeculae, and bile production. Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma is characterized by larger, polygonal tumor cells with clearly defined cell outline, deeply eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, and extremely large solitary nucleoli. Lamellae of fibrocytes are seen dividing the tumor cells into small groups. Hepatocellular adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia exhibit cells that are benign-appearing or minimally atypical. Cholangiocarcinoma is an adenocarcinoma and cannot be differentiated from metastatic adenocarcinoma on purely morphologic grounds. Primary hepatic sarcoma is exceptionally rare and shows malignant spindle cells. Some inflammatory conditions such as abscess, cysts, and tuberculoma often present as space-occupying lesions and should be included in the differential diagnosis of hepatic neoplasm.
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PMID:Diagnosis of primary hepatic neoplasms by fine-needle aspiration cytology. 301 38

A human cell line (KMCH-1) derived from a surgical specimen of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma has been established. The original tumor consisted of both hepatocellular carcinoma of the trabecular type and cholangiocellular carcinoma. This cell line has been maintained for 26 months through 75 passages. KMCH-1 cells show characteristics of adenocarcinoma on light and electron microscopy. They proliferate in culture in a pave stone arrangement. The doubling time of these cells at the 24th passage was 39 hr. Chromosome analysis revealed a chromosome number ranging from 60 to 98, with a modal number of 74. KMCH-1 cells produced tumors several months after subcutaneous and intraperitoneal transplantations into athymic nude mice. Histologically, the subcutaneous tumors were poorly differentiated adrenocarcinoma, while intraperitoneal tumors were moderately to well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma components were not observed. Thus, KMCH-1 cells demonstrate the feature of cholangiocellular carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. This KMCH-1 cell line is the first established combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma cell line and may contribute to further investigation of combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a human combined hepatocholangiocarcinoma cell line and its heterologous transplantation in nude mice. 303 60

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with obstructive jaundice by direct invasion or migration of tumor tissue into the biliary system has been described as icterogenic hepatocellular carcinoma (IHCC) or icteric type hepatoma. Fifty-eight such cases have been reported in literature since 1947. Curative treatment and prognosis depend directly on early appearance of icterus and its correct interpretation. Recently, attention has been paid to polygonal cell carcinoma with fibrous stroma (PCFS) as a well differentiated, low grade and transient type of HCC, probably distinguishable from classic HCC by etiological and epidemiological features. The combination of IHCC and PCFS is very rare; to our knowledge only one such case has been reported yet. We had the opportunity to observe and treat such a case, which will be reported in this article and will be compared with cases described in the literature.
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PMID:Icterogenic hepatocellular carcinoma and polygonal cell carcinoma with fibrous stroma (fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma). 303 65


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