Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 64-year-old male complaining of abdominal fullness was admitted to hospital for close examination. Hepatocellular carcinoma was diagnosed by various imaging techniques and the patient was treated by 3 transarterial embolizations and 2 courses of systemic chemotherapy with CDDP. The tumor was reduced and the effect was judged to be a partial response to these therapies. By resection, a residual mass had histologically no live cancer cells. This case was considered to have had a complete response with multidisciplinary treatment.
 ...
PMID:[A resected case of hepatocellular carcinoma effectively treated by hepatic artery embolization and systemic chemotherapy]. 255 74

Hepatocellular carcinoma is known to have a doubling time of approximately 41 days. This rapid cell division suggested that hyperfractionated radiation and chemotherapy might add an advantage in gaining remission of this malignancy. One hundred and thirty-five patients (70% with metastasis and/or previous treatment) were prospectively treated with single daily fractions to the liver (3.0 Gy external beam radiation, total dose 21.0 Gy), and chemotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. The low dose chemotherapy used in conjunction with the radiation was 2 hr before treatment on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 and consisted of Adriamycin, 15 mg IV and 5-FU, 500 mg IV. These patients were compared to a second group of 59 patients (80% with metastases and/or previous treatment) treated using the same chemotherapy regimen but using hyperfractionated whole liver external beam irradiation (1.2 Gy twice daily, 4 hr between treatments, 5 days per week to 24.0 Gy, 10 MV photons). Response was determined by CT scan tumor volumetric analysis. The response rate for the single daily fraction patient group was 22% and for the new hyperfractionated group, 18% (p = 0.68). Toxicity was evaluated by RTOG criteria. The grade 4 hematologic toxicity noted in the daily fraction patient group was 6%. Among 59 patients treated with the hyperfractionated liver irradiation, 2% experienced grade 4 hematologic toxicity. Esophagitis occurred in 1% of patients in the standard fractionation group and 19% in the hyperfractionated group (p = 0.0001). Grade 1-4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 49% of patients in the conventional group and 68% in the hyperfractionated group (p = 0.03). Normal liver volume changes with treatment were measured with CT scan tumor volumetric analysis. The hyperfractionated group experienced a median of 11 cc increase in liver volume and the conventional group a 46 cc decrease, but the difference was not significant. Hyperfractionated radiation did not demonstrate a significant benefit over standard daily radiation, but acute toxicity appeared to be higher.
 ...
PMID:194 hepatocellular cancers treated by radiation and chemotherapy combinations: toxicity and response: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study. 255 7

All cases of liver tumor referred to the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Saudi Arabia during 2.5 years were reviewed. Hepatocellular carcinoma, 104 cases, was considerably more common than metastatic carcinoma with unknown primary, 15 cases. Lymphoma presenting as liver tumor occurred in three cases and there were no cases of cholangiocarcinoma. There were only two cases of benign tumor, both hemangioma. Hepatocellular carcinoma was characterized by a male predominance of 6:1, positive hepatitis B surface antigen in 60%, presentation with an enlarged, hard liver in over 90%, a systolic-diastolic bruit over the mass in 45%, a single highly echogenic lesion in the right lobe on ultrasound in 80%, and rapid progression. The serum AST (aspartate aminotransferase, serumglutamic oxalacetic transaminase [SGOT]) was abnormal in 97% and was higher than the alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in 93% of cases compared with 17% in 100 consecutive cases of chronic active hepatitis. Sixty-six percent of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma had serum AFP greater than 200 ng/ml. Excluding five cases of germ cell tumor (none involving the liver), and pregnant patients, serum AFP was less than 200 ng/ml in all other patients in whom it was measured between 1979 and 1981. A practical approach to the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma is outlined. Biopsy does not appear to be indicated in many cases of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.
 ...
PMID:Hepatic tumors in Saudi Arabia. A practical approach to diagnosis. 257 17

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurs uncommonly in the United States and Western Europe, but is a relatively frequent neoplasm in sub-Saharan Africa, China, and the Far East. Environmental factors appear to determine the geographic clustering of the disease and to cause different spectrums of the disease in the high-incidence and low-incidence areas of the world.
 ...
PMID:Hepatocellular carcinoma: molecular biology, etiology and animal models. 283 Nov 51

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Yupik Eskimos in southwestern Alaska, detected in early stages as a result of screening, appears to be more frequently associated with variants of chronic portal inflammation in the noninvolved liver than with fully developed cirrhosis, otherwise common in HBV-associated HCC from other geographic areas. Of 38 patients diagnosed with HCC since 1969, adequate tissue was available from both the tumor and nontumorous liver in 17. Of the 17 specimens, 14 had chronic portal inflammation and three had advanced cirrhosis; 12 of the 14 were from hepatitis B surface antigen carriers. These 12 cases were studied in detail to examine the features accompanying the development of HCC unobscured by cirrhotic transformation. In the noninvolved parenchyma they included hepatocytic nodules as apparent precursors to HCC and, as markers of phenotypic alterations, dysplastic hepatocytes and hepatitis B surface antigen-laden ground-glass hepatocytes. The latter were observed in eight instances and often accumulated in nodules. Parenchyma within 1 mm of the HCC exhibited increased confluent hyperplasia and frequently conspicuous necroinflammation associated with pericellular and periductular fibrosis, which contributed, in addition to fibrous connections between displaced and heavily inflamed portal tracts, to the capsule that was forming in all cases to varying degrees in the pericarcinomatous region. The HCC was uniformly trabecular and in a few specimens, a continuous transition from hyperplasia and dysplasia near the periphery of the tumor to increasing anaplasia in the center could be made out in addition to pressure effects of the HCC. The pericarcinomatous changes, including hyperplasia progressing to neoplasia and necroinflammation, are also observed in experimental models, particularly the woodchuck HCC induced by a hepadna virus related to HBV. Coordinated morphologic and molecular biologic studies on such animal models and on human HCC detected by screening, as for instance in Eskimos, neither complicated by cirrhosis, should elucidate the direction of the evolution of the HCC and the postulated promoting role of the inflammation.
 ...
PMID:Evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Alaskan Eskimos. 283 72

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. To understand the cellular changes associated with transformation of hepatocytes to the malignant state, we have made several libraries of monoclonal antibodies against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line FOCUS and have found six antibodies (AF-20, SF-25, SF-31, SF-90, XF-4, and XF-8) that recognize antigens expressed at consistently higher levels on hepatoma cells. We have studied malignant and nontransformed liver tissue from the same individual by using direct 125I-labeled antibody binding and immunoperoxidase staining techniques. For each of these antibodies, we found striking increases in antigen expression on the transformed tissues. These antigens were found to be expressed throughout the tumor and on distant metastases, with little, if any, expression on the nontransformed adjacent liver. These antibodies demonstrate that hepatic transformation may be accompanied by stereotyped and predictable antigenic changes. The uniformity of such antigenic changes suggests an association between these cell-surface alterations and the malignant transformation process.
 ...
PMID:Cell-surface changes associated with transformation of human hepatocytes to the malignant phenotype. 283 34

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) occurring as an appendage from the main hepatic parenchyma is a rare entity, of which two cases are herein described. Because proper surgical management of this tumor (pedunculated HCC) is unclear, the world's literature was reviewed to determine optimal therapy. Thirty-four cases were documented, including the two cases reported herein. Diagnosis was usually obscure, despite modern invasive and noninvasive methods, and laparotomy or autopsy were required for specific identification of tumor type. Sixteen resections were reported among 18 explorations. One patient had transarterial embolization. Fifteen received medical therapy only. Surgically treated patients usually died of metastatic disease, whereas most medically treated patients died of gastrointestinal or tumor hemorrhage. Pedunculated HCC may be more amenable to curative resection than ordinary HCC due to its unique localization and growth pattern.
 ...
PMID:Surgical therapy in two patients with pedunculated hepatocellular carcinoma. 283 43

The status of cellular cytotoxic activity in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) patients was compared to that in normal individuals by testing the cytotoxicity against K562 and five established HCC cell line targets. Natural killer (NK) activity of fresh peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells in HCC patients to K562 cell line target was lower than that in normal donors. NK activity of unstimulated PBM cells from either source was minute against all five HCC cell line targets. Three different activation systems were employed to examine the cellular cytotoxicity of activated PBM cells: (1) conventional mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), (2) allogeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor culture (MLTC), and (3) lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell culture. The cytotoxic effects of PBM cells in all three activation conditions were significantly lower in HCC patients than in normal donors (P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.01). These results suggest that, in addition to naturally present NK cells, the degree of in vitro activation of PBM cells may also have decreased in HCC patients.
 ...
PMID:Natural and activated cytotoxic lymphocytes reactivity to human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. 284 20

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was classified into the three types of expansive type "Exp", mixed type "Mix" and infiltrative type "Inf" according to the preoperative angiographic characteristics, referred to clinicopathological features. "Exp" type had less incidence of accompanied portal venous invasion and daughter nodules in comparison to "Inf" type. And "Exp" type had a better prognosis in the cumulative survival rate than "Inf" type (p less than 0.001). Thus, the present typing essentially classified by tumor vascular architecture represents "malignancy grade" of HCC. In addition, "Inf" type may be recommended more extensive resection or multidisciplinary therapy (for example TAE) for better prognosis.
 ...
PMID:[Clinicopathological evaluation of angiograms in hepatocellular carcinoma]. 285 98

Normal liver ferritin is composed of basic isoferritins with a greater proportion of liver (L) type. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) contains, in addition, acidic isoferritin with H heart myocardium (H) type similar to that in normal adult heart myocardium, early gestation fetal liver, early placenta, HeLa cells, and tumors. Using antisera to liver and myocardial ferritin, immunohistochemical basic and acidic isoferritins, respectively, were studied in 36 HCCs. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of liver ferritin in 17 (47%) tumors and of myocardial ferritin in 22 (61%) (P = 0.3). Ten (28%) tumors showed neither basic nor acidic isoferritin, and nine (25%) had acidic but not basic isoferritin. Raised serum ferritin levels in HCC patients probably, in part, reflect ferritin secretion by the tumor. The actual serum level would then consist of a mixture of basic and acidic (possibly tumor-specific) isoferritins. Thus, diagnostic use of a serum assay which utilizes antiserum to liver ferritin will demonstrate only basic isoferritins and probably will not detect raised serum levels in approximately half of HCC patients.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical basic and acidic isoferritins in hepatocellular carcinoma. 285 86


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>