Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A new human cell line, designated Ty-82, was established from the pleural effusion of a 22-year-old woman with undifferentiated thymic carcinoma. This cell line consisted of primitive cells that were positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and acid phosphatase. The cells were shown to express epithelial membrane antigen, but were completely negative for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, S-100 protein, lysozyme, Leu-7, HLA-DR (Ia), leukocyte common antigen, Ki-I antigen, T-cell antigens, B-cell antigens, myelomonocyte antigens, and Epstein-Barr-virus nuclear antigen. Electron microscopy showed that the cells were highly anaplastic, with no sign of cellular differentiation to any lineages. The Ty-82 cell line was found to have a karyotype of 46,XX,t(15;19)(q15;p13), being identical to that of the patient's tumor cells. Four of 5 nude mice inoculated sub-cutaneously with Ty-82 cells developed tumors which displayed a histological picture similar to the original tumor. Thymic carcinoma is a recently recognized entity, and its cellular and clinical behavior are poorly understood. The newly established thymic carcinoma cell line would provide a useful tool for the better understanding of this rare disease.
 ...
PMID:Establishment and characterization of a thymic carcinoma cell line (Ty-82) carrying t(15;19)(q15;p13) chromosome abnormality. 173 May 20

Vascular abnormalities in brain neoplasms are important to tumor biology and therapy. Glucose transporter (GLUT1) expression is a differentiated property of normal cerebral microvessels typically associated with expression of the blood-brain barrier. We investigated the relationship of GLUT1 expression to other vascular characteristics in F98, 9L, and C6 gliomas and Walker 256 carcinomas implanted into adult rat brains. The percentages of microvessels with immunohistochemically detectable GLUT1 were 95.5 +/- 3.9 in F98, 60.9 +/- 3.9 in 9L, 45.4 +/- 5.6 in C6, and 1.2 +/- 0.3 in Walker 256 (mean +/- SEM). The percentage of GLUT1-positive vessels in F98 was not statistically different from that in normal brain. GLUT1 expression was not dependent on restricted permeability as all tumors were highly permeable to Evans blue. GLUT1 expression was unrelated to vascular density, vascular morphology, and parenchymal GFAP expression. The expression of GLUT1, a marker of cerebral endothelial differentiation, is a newly described property of glial tumor vessels that may have diagnostic and prognostic significance.
 ...
PMID:Vascular expression of glucose transporter in experimental brain neoplasms. 173 34

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies of an ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts have been performed. Immunoreactivity of neoplastic cells for S-100 protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein, lack of immunoreactivity for type II collagen, and presence of basal lamina indicate that the tumor is of Schwann cell and not cartilaginous origin.
 ...
PMID:Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor of soft parts: evidence supporting Schwann cell origin. 174 Mar 7

Five brain tumors with the histopathologic features of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXAs) are presented. Computed tomography scans showed a remarkable homology. Two cases had atypical localizations for a PXA, while one 46-year-old patient did not conform to the normal age distribution of this tumor. Nevertheless, in these cases, the histopathology was always characteristic for PXA, a remarkable pleomorphism, in addition to simultaneous expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and histiocytic markers in the various tumor cells. In one of the presented tumors, however, clusters of neoplastic neuronal cells were also found. In this particular case, differential diagnostic criteria to distinguish between a PXA and a desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma are lacking.
 ...
PMID:The pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma and its differential diagnosis: a study of five cases. 174 96

Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebellum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study: a necropsy case. A necropsy case of primary cerebellar rhabdomyosarcoma occurred in a 38-year-old man has been investigated by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. In the most differentiated rhabdomyoblasts microscopic analysis showed obvious cross-striations and immunohistochemical reactivity for myoglobin (PAP method). Many tumor cells were positive for vimentin and muscle-specific intermediate filament protein desmin, but neither for glial fibrillary acidic protein nor neuron-specific enolase. The diagnostic role of the immunohistochemistry in this tumor is pointed out. The clinicopathological features of 30 cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system previously reported in the literature are briefly reviewed, and the histogenesis is discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the cerebellum. Histopathological and immunohistochemical study of an autopsy case]. 174 82

A new human Ewing's sarcoma cell line (CADO-ES1) was established from the malignant pleural effusion of a 19-year-old woman. These cells grew both anchorage dependently and anchorage independently. When cultured in bacteriologic dishes, they grew as tightly packed multicellular tumor spheroids; they were also capable of proliferating in soft agar. Flow cytometric DNA analysis demonstrated a nearly diploid DNA content (DNA index = 0.902). Chromosomal studies of cultured cells showed an isodicentric chromosome 8 in all examined cells, but t(11;22)(q24;q12), a translocation reported previously in Ewing's sarcoma, was not detected. Under normal culture conditions, no morphologic evidence of neural differentiation was detected. In addition, immunocytochemical studies showed that vimentin was intensely positive, whereas neurofilament (NF) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were weakly positive. Treatment with cyclic AMP (cAMP) induced pronounced morphologic evidence of neural differentiation and strong expression of NF in cultured cells. S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), desmin, cytokeratin, and epithelial membrane antigen were not detected immunohistochemically in either untreated or cAMP-treated cells, however. These data suggest that this cell line is derived from a highly undifferentiated neural cell with high chromosomal clonality, differentiating into neural features under certain conditions.
 ...
PMID:Establishment and characterization of a new Ewing's sarcoma cell line. 175 82

Xenogeneic immunization of freshly-prepared human glioma extracts into goats has yielded a polyclonal antiserum, which after multiple absorptions specifically identifies antigenic entities only in glioma extracts, and not in appropriate controls, both by radioimmunoassays (RIAs) and Western immunoblots. The results from the absorbed polyclonal antiserum have been confirmed by the successful generation of six stable murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which recognize a subset of the same antigens with high specificity on immunoblots and with no apparent cross-reactivities by RIA to normal brain, serum, liver, muscle, kidney, spleen, or melanoma tissues. Moreover, the tested murine MAbs (B12C4) reveal a striking and abundant glial filament protein, possibly related to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or other intermediate filament proteins, by frozen-section immunofluorescence. This is seen only in gliomas and is absent, or dramatically reduced, in normal human cortex. Use of potent immortalizing strain (FF41) of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to establish antibody-secreting human lymphoblastoid lines, and the generation of mouse-human chimeric fusions, have yielded lines possessing variable supernatant human antibody secretion. Radioimmunoassays using culture supernatants, and sera from glioma patients and an normal individual, have demonstrated surprisingly similar reactivity profiles, even after a sensitive sandwich RIA employing the B6C6 murine MAb. These results suggest that, although human glioma-associated antigens, including possibly the up-regulation of GFAP expression, clearly exist, there seems to be a muted humoral response as evidenced by a paucity of tumor-specific B-cells. This may be due to antigenic shielding by the blood-brain barrier, or due to a form of immunological compromise in patients harboring these malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Paucity of humoral response in patients to glioma-associated antigen(s): antigen localization by immunofluorescence. 180 70

Human glioma-associated markers can be exploited for the development of new diagnostic strategies and treatment modalities for these malignancies. A goat antiserum was first raised against human anaplastic astrocytoma (AC or AA) and glioblastoma multiforme (GB or GBM) extracts. Extensive sequential absorptions with normal brain tissue, normal serum, and human serum albumin (HSA) gave an antibody fraction specific for glioma. Balb/c mice were subsequently immunized with these glioma extracts. B-cell hybridomas from these mice were then cloned and subcloned by limiting dilution, yielding six monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) that were entirely specific for tumor tissues, and did not react with normal human serum or with normal human brain, liver, kidney, spleen, or muscle. Moreover, the murine MAbs did not cross-react with certain other human tumors, including melanoma. The fully absorbed antiserum and the murine MAbs both identify a polypeptide pattern possibly related to human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) or other intermediate filament proteins on immunoblots. These immunological reagents could serve as powerful tools for the diagnosis and possibly therapy of these uniformly fatal tumors.
 ...
PMID:Preparation and characterization of antisera and of murine monoclonal antibodies to human glioma-associated antigen(s). 180 72

To study coexpression patterns in normal and adenomatous pituitaries, frozen (n = 4) and paraffin-embedded (n = 10), normal human glands and 34 pituitary adenomas were investigated, using immunoperoxidase and double-labeling immunofluorescence methods. Broad range monoclonal antibodies (mAB) against cytokeratins (CK) (lu-5, A45-B/B3, AE1/3, CAM 5.2) as well as anti-CK18 (DC10) and anti CK19 (A53-B/A2) were compared with mAB's against vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), epithelial sialomucin (ESM 140 C1), GFAP (GF-2), neurofilament (2F11), Leu-7 (HNK-1) and polyclonal AB's against pituitary hormones (ACTH, FSH, LH, TSH, GH, PRL). CK and vimentin coexpressing endocrine cells, mainly of the ACTH type, were observed in the pars intermedia in 5 of 14 normal pituitaries. All hormone producing cells expressed CK. The mAB A53-B/A2 (CK19) stained selectively the folliculo-stellate cells in frozen and paraffin sections. EMA, sialomucin and Leu-7 antigen localized to different structures of normal pituitaries. 25 of 34 pituitary adenomas exhibited CK positive tumor cells. Coexpression of vimentin or neurofilament protein was rare (2 cases of each). 9 CK negative adenomas were also negative for other intermediate filament proteins. 6 hormone producing adenomas showed unusual positivity for CK19. Whereas EMA and sialomucin reactivity disappeared in adenoma tissues, an enhanced Leu-7 antigen expression in the GH and prolactin adenoma group was noted. The heterogeneity of antigen expression seen in normal and neoplastic pituitary cells calls for further functional studies and usage of a broad range of mAB's against intermediate filaments in immunohistochemical studies of the pituitary.
 ...
PMID:Immunohistochemical studies on human pituitary gland and adenomas. 182 19

Ten cases of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) were studied. There were nine males and one female ranging in age from 2 weeks to 10 months; one patient was 8 years old. Sites of origin were the maxilla (five), epididymis (two), mandible (one), skull (one), and soft tissues of the cheek (one). Six tumors recurred from 1 to 18 months after diagnosis. One patient had widespread dissemination. Electron microscopic study of four cases showed cells with melanosomes at various stages of maturation, and cells with neuroblastic features, including neurosecretory granules and cytoplasmic processes. Nine cases of MNTI were studied immunohistochemically. Small neuroblastic cells and large cells in all cases were reactive for neuron-specific enolase (NSE), synaptophysin, HMB45, and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, large cells in all cases and few small cells were reactive for cytokeratin (CK) and vimentin (VIM). Epithelial membrane antigen was observed in large cells in three cases, four cases expressed Leu 7 antigen, three were focally positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein, one for desmin, and one for chromogranin. All cases were nonreactive for retinol-binding protein, neurofilaments, alpha-fetoprotein, S-100 protein, and carcinoembryonic antigen. Five normal adult retinas were studied similarly; the pigmented epithelium of the retina was reactive for CK, VIM, HMB45, NSE, and S-100. DNA study, performed in eight tumors, revealed aneuploidy in two (DNA index = 1.7 and 1.8); these cases recurred within 1 month. No differences were observed according to site or behavior. MNTI is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor with polyphenotypic expression of neural and epithelial markers, melanin production, occasional glial, and rhabdomyoblastic differentiation, and no photoreceptor differentiation. It probably represents a dysembryogenetic neoplasm that recapitulates the retina at 5 weeks of gestation.
 ...
PMID:Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A reexamination of a histogenetic problem based on immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and ultrastructural study of 10 cases. 184 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>