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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical status of patients with glioma is influenced by 1) the histological malignancy of the tumor, 2) the tumor volume, 3) secondary status such as brain edema or intracranial hypertension due to the tumor, and 4) the host immunity. Due to some improvement in at least 2) and 3) by the initial treatment, most low grade glioma cases pass through a clinically silent postsurgical period. However, at a certain point, transition to a high grade tumor malignant transformation may occur with exacerbation of the symptoms. Twenty-two cases of histologically established low grade glioma experienced over the past 7 years, in which immunological status was evaluated, were analyzed. Nine cases (41%) showed malignant transformation. Characteristic pictures of the clinical symptoms, computed tomography (CT) scan findings, immunological status, and morphological findings (mainly immunohistochemical examination) in nine cases were delineated. The findings at the time of exacerbation of the symptoms were as follows. In all cases CT scan demonstrated the change in the main lesion from low density to mixed density and were compatible with a high grade glioma. Reduction in host immunity was verified. Morphological increase in the tumor volume, increase in histological malignancy and deterioration in the secondary status due to the tumor were confirmed. Necrosis of the tumor cells as well as increase in giant cells and gemistocytes were observed. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a decrease and irregularity in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells and positive processes as well as increase in vimentin intensity. These findings demonstrate change in the biological characteristics of the tumor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinicopathological study on low grade glioma. In relation to malignant transformation]. 170 58

A benign pelvic soft tissue tumor from a 50-year-old woman was examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The tumor cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with a hyaline appearance, which was filled with large aggregates of intermediate-sized filaments (IF). The cells were positively immunostained by antibodies against cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and neurofilament proteins. This case represents an extreme example of the simultaneous expression of IF by neoplastic cells, and exemplifies the limited applicability of immunohistochemical detection of IF antigens for pathological diagnosis of neoplasms.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical localization of five classes of intermediate filament in a benign pelvic soft tissue tumor of rhabdoid appearance. 170 54

Sixteen polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas were reviewed and compared with 17 adenoid cystic carcinomas and with 21 other histologically similar minor salivary gland neoplasms. The polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas were for the most part distinctive in their microscopic appearance. Typically they exhibited infiltrative growth by small uniform cells in single-layered ducts. A syncytium of tumor cells was also characteristic, although solid and cribriform patterns were seen, making definitive diagnosis difficult with some tumors. Immunohistochemical staining for S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, actin, vimentin, and keratins resulted in relatively distinctive antigenic profiles for the tumors studied. Of significance was strong S-100 protein and weak actin staining of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinomas, moderate actin staining of adenoid cystic carcinomas, moderate glial fibrillary acidic protein staining of monomorphic adenomas and pleomorphic adenomas, and nonreactivity of monomorphic adenomas for vimentin. It is believed that the immunoprofiles could be useful in the microscopic diagnosis of salivary gland tumors. The identification of antigens found normally in myoepithelial and epithelial cells supports the concept that these tumors are derived from pluripotential reserve cells.
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PMID:Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland. A comparative histologic and immunohistochemical study. 171 Nov 87

Central granular cell tumor of the jaw was formerly known as granular cell ameloblastic fibroma; recently, the term central granular cell odontogenic fibroma has been proposed. This study attempts to determine the ultrastructural features and selected immunohistochemical properties of the tumor cells. Four formalin-fixed specimens were processed for electron microscopy, and for immunohistochemical staining with antiactin, anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein, and OKT6 (CD1) with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method. Tumor cells contained many primary lysosomes, autophagic vacuoles, and phagocytic vacuoles. The phagocytic vacuoles appeared to contain collagen fibrils. Tumor cells stained positive with antiactin and OKT6 (CD1), and negative with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein. The results indicate that tumor cells are actively phagocytic and suggest that tumor cells might arise from Langerhans' cells.
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PMID:Central granular cell tumor of the jaw. An electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study. 171 55

Three cases of monophasic glycogen-rich clear cell tumors of palatal gland origin were examined immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally in attempts to characterize their cellular composition. Despite their histologic resemblances, the clear cells from each case showed different immunohistochemical features. In case 1 the extensive positivity for vimentin and S-100 protein, in addition to the focal expression of actin and glial fibrillary acidic protein, strongly suggested that the clear cells were myoepithelial in nature. In contrast, the clear cells from case 2 exhibited both keratin and epithelial membrane antigen positivity, as well as ultrastructural features that suggested that they were glandular epithelial in nature. In case 3 no special markers except for keratin could be detected, indicating the less differentiated nature of the clear cells. These results show the heterogeneity of the clear cell tumor group of minor salivary glands.
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PMID:Clear cell tumors of minor salivary gland origin. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. 171 16

Six cases of spindle cell squamous carcinoma (SCSC) of the oral cavity were studied clinicopathologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally to summarize the clinicopathological features of this rare neoplasm and to discuss the debatable histogenesis of the sarcomatoid component and the differential diagnosis of SCSC. The mean age of the patients was 72 years and the female to male ratio was 1:2. Four of them had a history of irradiation for pre-existing squamous cell carcinoma. One patient died of SCSC. While clinical and histological prognostic factors of SCSC could not be determined, it was shown that radical surgery resulted in good prognosis. The epithelial nature of the sarcomatoid component of SCSC was clearly revealed by a combination of immunohistochemical staining for keratins and electron microscopic demonstration of tonofilament-like filaments and/or desmosome-like structures. Together with electron microscopic evaluation of the tumour cells, immunohistochemical characterization of tumour cells using antibodies to keratin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein is very helpful in differentiating SCSC from true spindle cell sarcoma, melanoma and malignant myoepithelioma. In the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of SCSC, it is important to remember that SCSC should not be ruled out of the differential diagnosis by a positive reaction for vimentin in sarcomatoid tumour cells. Absence of staining for keratin in the sarcomatoid tumour cells does not always exclude SCSC, because some SCSCs show immunoreactivity of keratin in their sarcomatoid components only with some anti-keratin antibodies. Different kinds of anti-keratin antibodies should be applied in the differential diagnosis of SCSC.
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PMID:Spindle cell squamous carcinoma of the oral region. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study on the histogenesis and differential diagnosis with a clinicopathological analysis of six cases. 171 79

The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), vimentin, S-100 protein (S-100), HNK-1, myelin basic protein (MBP) and fibronectin was investigated immunohistochemically in 51 ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced neurinomas of the rat. Additionally, 90 transplantation tumors derived from ENU-induced neurinomas and the RN6 rat neurinoma cell clone were studied. Vimentin immunoreactivity was shown in 50/51 primary neurinomas and 60/90 transplantation tumors. In contrast, GFAP was expressed in only 23/51 primary tumors and in 5/90 transplantation tumors. In the RN6 neurinoma clone, vimentin and GFAP could be demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro. GFAP expression varied depending on the tumor localization, i.e., tumors of distal portions of peripheral nerves were more frequently GFAP positive than tumors of the spinal roots or of cranial nerves. The same tendency was observed for S-100. In the series of transplantation tumors S-100 and GFAP immunoreactivity decreased with increasing numbers of transplantation passages. Only individual cells in 5 primary tumors were HNK-1 positive and no MBP-immunoreactive cells were observed. Our results demonstrate that the expression of differentiation antigens in ENU-induced experimental neurinomas parallels the results reported for human neurinomas.
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PMID:Immunochemistry of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat neurinomas, the RN6 neurinoma cell line and their transplantation tumors. 171 40

A 56-year-old male presented with mild gait disturbance and short-term memory disturbance. Computed tomographic scans revealed an isodense mass with a large cyst in the left lateral ventricle, extending to the right. The tumor was removed totally via the left frontal transcortical approach. Light microscope examination found clusters of isomorphic cells separated by a dense fibrillar matrix. No ependymal rosettes or blepharoplasts were found. Some cluster cells had positive immunoperoxidase staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein and S-100 protein. Electron microscope observation found tumor cells with gap junctions and zonula adherens resembling the junctional complexes of normal ependymal cells, many microvilli and cilia, and long processes containing abundant glial fibrils. Such "transitional cells" may be important in establishing the origin of subependymoma.
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PMID:Subependymoma of the lateral ventricle--case report. 172 63

Eleven primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) biopsies from infants under the age of 3 years were studied for the presence of various differentiation markers for neuroectodermal stem cells. Special emphasis was placed on the expression of cytokeratin proteins. The tumor cells expressed different cytokeratin proteins (CK8, CK13, CK18, CK19, KL1, AE1/AE3, MNF16) in 3 of 11 cases. These cases were furthermore characterized by a strong expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein and vimentin. Vimentin and cytokeratin proteins were co-expressed; cross-reactivity between these two intermediate filaments could be excluded by immunoblotting. It is noteworthy that the three positive tumors were all from infants in their 1st year. We assume that PNETs in early infancy are characterized by a particularly wide range of differentiation patterns. The presence of cytokeratin proteins in these cases seems to be associated with the expression of vimentin and must be regarded as an indicator of an early developmental stage of the tumor cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemistry of primitive neuroectodermal tumors in infants with special emphasis on cytokeratin expression. 172 29

Immunohistochemical analysis of intermediate filament (IF) proteins was performed on frozen sections of 16 childhood glial tumors using a library of 10 antigen-specific IF protein directed monoclonal antibodies (MoABs) and a four-step biotin-streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugated antigen detection immunocytochemical technique. Human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin were expressed in all brain tumors. High molecular weight (200 kDa) neurofilament (NF-H) protein was expressed in 15 out of 16 tumors; medium molecular weight (160 kDa) neurofilament (NF-M) in seven out of 16 tumors; and low molecular weight (68 kDa) neurofilament (NF-L) in five out of 16. Positive acidic keratin reactivity was found in five out of 16 tumors using MoAB AE1. Expression of a keratin pair was detected with MoAB AE2 in five out of 16 tumors. A second keratin pair in 14 out of 16 glial tumors was demonstrated with MoAB AE3. Immunostaining with AE5 defined the expression of another basic keratin (64 kDa) in nine out of 16 glial tumors. Finally, in 14 out of 16 astrocytomas an individual 51 kDa acidic keratin (detected with MoAB AE8) was expressed. Glial tumor cells contain cell lineage specific and nonspecific IF proteins in the following IF pattern: AE3+, AE8+, GFAP+, vimentin+, and NF-H+. The heterogenous composition of these cytoskeletal IF proteins in childhood glial tumors may reflect a direct stage dependent correlation with their neoplastic transformation.
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PMID:Co-expression of four intermediate filament subclasses in childhood glial neoplasms. 172 88


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