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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three permanent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines have been successfully established and characterized from the Chinese brain GBM tumors. The tumorigenicity in the athymic nude mice with multiple pulmonary metastases are observed. The scanning electron microscopic examinations reveal numerous surface microvilli and blebs of various size on the primary GBM tumors, the cultured tumor cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor cells in the nude mice in vivo. The distinct ultrastructural features of stellate cultured cells with astrocytic-differentiation after db-cAMP treatment of 96 hours show many intermittent dilations (pseudopods) along the long cytoplasmic processes. The intermittent dilatations and growth cones also express strongly positive immunostaining for GFAP. The growth inhibition of db-cAMP treated, cultured in vitro tumor cells is also observed. We are convinced that the continuous, established cell lines and tumorigenicity in the athymic nude mice may constitute the best reliable in vitro and in vivo systems for the investigation of human brain GBM.
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PMID:Scanning electron microscopic study of three glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell lines of the Chinese brain in vitro and in vivo. 165 34

Pleomorphic adenomas of the breast (PAB) are uncommon tumors. We studied the clinicopathologic features of 10 cases of PAB, seven of which were assessed immunohistochemically. Nine patients were women, with a median age at diagnosis of 65 years. Eight patients presented with a palpable mass; two had a nipple discharge. Nine of the tumors were periareolar. The latter epidemiologic findings, coupled with histologic observations, appeared to indicate a preferential origin for PAB within large intramammary ducts. These neoplasms histologically resemble their analogues in salivary glands. Moreover, a gradual histologic transition between different morphologic areas in PAB, especially between mesenchymal and epithelial regions, supported the contention that the neoplasm arises from a single cell type capable of divergent differentiation and thus should not be considered a "mixed" tumor. This contention was further substantiated by immunohistochemical findings, in which three intermediate filaments (cytokeratin, vimentin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein) and muscle-specific actin were expressed conjointly in tumor cells with a variety of morphologic appearances. In addition, cells differentiating along mesenchymal lines by conventional microscopy were found to express epithelial membrane antigen or gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in five cases. The benign nature of PAB was supported by a lack of metastases in this series during a median follow-up period of 4.9 years. However, one lesion recurred locally. Regarding therapy, we believe that PAB can be excised successfully with only a narrow circumferential margin of uninvolved breast.
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PMID:Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of 10 cases. 166 Aug 50

This report describes an unusual medullomyoblastoma which developed in the cerebellar vermis of a 6-year-old girl. Histological investigation showed a highly cellular and predominantly undifferentiated tumor. Myogenic differentiation was prominent in clusters of large tumor cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and immunoreactivity for desmin and myoglobin. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of immature Z-bands. Immunohistochemically, numerous cells showed incipient expression of myoblastic marker antigens, supporting the view that medulloblastomas and related primitive neuroectodermal tumors possess the potential for non-neural differentiation. In addition, there was evidence of advanced neuronal differentiation, with expression of neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, retinal S-antigen, and the formation of ganglioid tumor cells. Occassional neoplastic cells expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein without morphologically detectable astrocytic differentiation. Associated with the neoplasm was brain tissue containing clusters of neuronal cells and focal accumulations of immature oligodendroglia-like cells which expressed neuronal marker antigens. This unusual component resembled a hamartomatous lesion and would support the hypothesis that the cerebellar medullomyoblastoma originated from a teratomatous or malformative lesion. Alternatively, this component may constitute the end stage of advanced neuronal differentiation of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
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PMID:Cerebellar medullomyoblastoma with advanced neuronal differentiation and hamartomatous component. 166 56

Thirty-five selected intracranial tumors qualifying as primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs) were investigated; these included medulloblastomas, cerebral neuroblastomas, pinealoblastomas, retinoblastomas, polar spongioblastomas, ependymoblastomas. For control purposes 11 tumors, including glioblastomas (small cell, spongioblastic variants), one anaplastic astrocytoma (astroblastic component), anaplastic oligo-astrocytomas, gangliogliomas, one primary melanoblastoma, and one pineal germinoma, were also studied. Six neuronal markers, i.e., synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), neurofilament protein (NFP) (160 kDa, 200 kDa, 70 and 200 kDa), and six other markers (glial fibrillary acidic protein, S-100 protein, vimentin, myoglobin, desmin, cytokeratin) were investigated immunohistochemically. A certain recapitulation of the ontogenetic development of neuronal differentiation in PNETs is given by the fact that chromogranin A immunoreactivity can regularly be seen already in poorly differentiated neurons and synaptophysin in well-differentiated ones. Immunostaining for NFPs showed different results depending on the subunit investigated. NSE reaction gave different results even within the single tumor groups. This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first attempt to evaluate and compare, by combined morphological and immunohistochemical methods, PNETs without and with different stages of cellular differentiation with the stepwise differentiation of the human embryonic neuroectoderm.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of primitive neuroectodermal tumors and their possible relationship to the stepwise ontogenetic development of the central nervous system. 2. Tumor studies. 166 31

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

This immunocytochemical study was undertaken to clarify the histogenesis of ethylnitrosourea-induced rat brain tumors. The tumors induced in offspring of Sprague-Dawley rats injected with ethylnitrosourea on day 18 of gestation were used in these experiments. Controls consisted of pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats similarly injected with saline alone. Both microtumors (less than 1 mm) and macrotumors were examined immunocytochemically. The cells present in both macro- and microtumors were reactive with anti-Leu 7, an antibody which recognizes oligodendrocytes. Intermixed with, but distinct from the tumor cells were glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells morphologically identical to astrocytes found in other areas distant to tumors in the treated animals, and in controls. These data suggest that both early and late tumors are oligodendrogliomas, not astrocytomas or mixed gliomas, and that the cell of origin of the tumor is the oligodendrocyte rather than an uncommitted stem cell as previously suggested.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical recognition of ethylnitrosourea induced rat brain microtumors by anti-Leu 7 monoclonal antibody. 169 May 93

A previously undescribed form of a congenital neural hamartoma composed entirely of Schwann cells in a fascicular pattern was found on the leg of a male infant. The lesion was thought to be an unusual variant of plexiform Schwannoma or a newly recognized unencapsulated form of Schwannoma. On light microscopic examination, the lesion, which measured 5 x 4 cm when it was surgically removed when the infant was 7 months old, showed an unencapsulated dermal mass composed of fascicles of spindle cells with frequent Verocay body-like structures. The intervening stroma was collagenous and contained an increased number of mast cells. Special stains did not demonstrate any axons in the tumor. There was a strongly positive immunohistochemical reaction for S-100 protein and collagen type IV in the spindle cells. These cells were weakly or focally positive for Leu-7 and vimentin, and completely negative for neural filaments, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, desmin, and muscle-specific actin. On electron microscopic examination, the spindle cells were found to be surrounded by basal lamina and showed frequent cytoplasmic invagination filled with collagen bundles. No unmyelinated nerve fibers were identified.
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PMID:Congenital neural hamartoma ("fascicular schwannoma"). A light microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study. 169 22

The authors describe a case of pineocytoma studied by light and electron microscopy and the immunoperoxidase method. The tumor consisted of two types of cells bearing either chromatin-rich or pale nuclei. These cells were arranged in rosettes and contained pale, eosinophilic material at the center, or in lobular patterns with thin connective tissue and a few blood vessels. Bodian silver staining disclosed a delicate tangle of argyrophilic fibers and processes with small, club-like terminations. These findings are characteristic of pineocytoma. On ultrastructural examination, the tumor cells were found to be closely packed, in clumps separated by numerous fine or expanded, interlacing processes, some of which contained microtubules. A few dense core vesicles and clusters of clear vesicles similar to synaptic vesicles were seen, the latter being aggregated around desmosome-like thickenings in the cellular membrane, suggestive of a synaptic complex. Some tumor cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase and S-100 protein. Only a few cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein were distributed in the tumor tissue, but it was not ascertained if they were tumor cells or normal, pre-existing astrocytes. The tumor was diagnosed as a pineocytoma with neuronal differentiation.
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PMID:Pineocytoma with neuronal differentiation--case report. 169 77

Ethylnitrosourea-induced central and peripheral nerve tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for GFAP (Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein), S-100 protein, NSE (Neuron Specific Enolase) and Anti-Leu 7 (HNK-1) immunoreactivity utilizing the ABC method (avidin-biotin-complex) for GFAP, S-100 protein and NSE, and the PAP method (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) for Anti-Leu 7. Peripheral nerve neurinomas were consistently positive for S-100 protein and consistently negative for GFAP and Anti-Leu 7. Neurinomas would occasionally exhibit positive staining for NSE (2 of 55 tumors). The staining intensity for S-100 protein varied from strongly positive in differentiated neurinomas to weakly positive in anaplastic tumors. Neoplastic and reactive astrocytes exhibited positive staining for both S-100 protein and GFAP. Variation in the GFAP staining intensity of glial tumors correlated with the degree of differentiation as anaplastic tumors did not stain with the same intensity as their more differentiated counterparts. Oligodendrogliomas exhibited occasional immunoreactivity to S-100 protein (3 of 36 tumors). NSE reactivity in oligodendrogliomas was rarely observed (1 tumor in 36) and immunoreactivity against GFAP or Anti-Leu 7 was consistently absent. Anti-Leu 7 and NSE proved to be of little value in the classification of ENU-induced neural tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of rat central and peripheral nerve tumors induced by ethylnitrosourea. 169 97

We examined the immunohistochemical profile of 21 granular cell tumors (GCTs) and a single clinically malignant GCT using a panel of commercially available antibodies. All cases showed diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear staining for S100 protein. Fourteen cases stained for myelin basic protein, Leu-7, or both. Immunostains for neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein were negative in all cases. Stains for cathepsin B and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were positive in 21 and 15 cases, respectively. Cathepsin-B reactivity may reflect autodigestion of myelin, while the presence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin is less specific and may be related to cellular production of this product or to nonspecific uptake of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in serum during the formation of phagolysosomes. All tumors expressed vimentin, often in a distinctive peripheral cytoplasmic pattern. Focal desmin staining was seen in three separate specimens from the patients with the malignant GCT, but this tumor also expressed S100 protein, myelin basic protein, and Leu-7 and did not stain for muscle-specific actin. The desmin reactivity in this single case probably represents non-specific staining rather than myogenous differentiation, since the reactivity to other nerve sheath markers shows histogenetic similarity with the benign GCTs. These findings support a Schwann cell origin for nongingival GCTs and illustrate a useful panel of commercially available antibodies to diagnose these distinctive tumors.
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PMID:Granular cell tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis of 21 benign tumors and one malignant tumor. 169 54


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