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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the usefulness of NCC-ST-439, a new tumor marker in breast cancer. The positive rate of NCC-ST-439 in cases of primary breast cancer was 46.9%. In cases of primary breast cancer, there were no significant differences in average and positive rate among each group of patient age, tumor size, number of metastatic node, clinical stage and status of hormone receptor (ER, PgR). The positive rate of NCC-ST-439 in early breast cancer was as high as that in advanced case. NCC-ST-439 had better sensitivity than CEA and CA15-3, and decreased in serum level after the curative operation. We concluded that NCC-ST-439 is useful as a screening marker for the detection of early breast cancer and as a post operative monitoring marker for the surveillance of the recurrence.
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PMID:[Study on the clinical usefulness of NCC-ST-439 in breast cancer]. 199 18

The new folate analogue, 2-desamino-2-methyl-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid, 2c, was synthesized and evaluated using a variety of biochemical and antitumor assays. For purposes of comparison, its 2-desamino, 2b, and 2-amino, 2a, counterparts, as well as N10-propargly-5,8-dideazafolic acid, 1a, and the corresponding 2-desamino, 1b, and 2-desamino-2-methyl, 1c, modifications were included in these studies. Compound 2c was found to be a potent inhibitor of the growth of L1210 and MCF-7 cells in culture, being only 2-fold and 5-fold less effective than 1c, respectively. However, although analogue 2c was 189-fold less inhibitory toward L1210 thymidylate synthase (TS) than 1c, its cytotoxicity was reversed completely by thymidine alone which suggests that the compound behaves as a TS inhibitor in cells. Enzymatically synthesized polyglutamates of 2c were substantially more inhibitory toward human TS than the parent compound. Compound 2c was the most efficient substrate for mammalian folyl-polyglutamate synthetase of the compounds studied having a Vmax/Km nearly 12-fold larger than 1c. Both 1c and 2c were effective inhibitors of the uptake of [3H]methotrexate into MOLT-4 cells, implying that each is efficiently transported into tumor cells. These results suggest that a weak inhibitor of TS in vitro can be a potent cytotoxic agent if it can readily gain entry into target cells and be converted to polyglutamated metabolites.
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PMID:Studies on the mechanism of antitumor action of 2-desamino-2-methyl-5,8-dideazaisofolic acid. 199 33

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) issued a Clinical Alert on node negative breast cancer in May 1988. Based on findings of clinical studies, the Alert advised that adjuvant hormonal or cytotoxic chemotherapy could have a meaningful impact on the natural history of patients with node negative breast cancer. Prior to the Alert, the majority of women diagnosed with node negative breast cancer did not receive adjuvant treatment. To determine which patients with node negative breast cancer can potentially benefit from adjuvant treatment, a number of biological variables need to be considered: menopausal status, tumor size, histopathology, nuclear grade, and steroid hormone receptor status. Recently two new prognostic indicators--S phase index (SPI) and ploidy--have been incorporated into the clinical setting. This article explains these indicators and provides patient education information.
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PMID:S phase index and ploidy prognostic markers in node negative breast cancer: information for nurses. 200 17

From January 1, 1984 to April 30, 1990, 38 patients were surgically found to have an intraabdominal disease resembling epithelial ovarian cancer. This diagnosis was confirmed in 31 patients; the remaining 7 met the criteria of primary peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma. Five of these were diagnosed retrospectively and two during surgery. The mean age at diagnosis was 61.2 years. Tumor histology revealed papillary serous carcinoma in six and mixed (papillary serous and papillary clear cell carcinoma) in one patient. Optimal debulking was achieved in three of seven cases (42.8%). Cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy was administered to all in the study group. Complete response was obtained in four patients, with one surviving for 76 months. The median survival in these patients was 34.5 months (range 6-76 months). Currently, three patients with complete response are alive with clinically undetectable disease. CA-125 assays were available in three cases and blood levels corroborated the clinically determined status of the disease. Tumor steroid hormone receptor status was determined in one case and revealed low levels of estrogen and progesterone receptors. To the best of our knowledge, the usefulness of CA-125 in the diagnosis, management, follow-up, and determination of tumor steroid hormone receptor status, mixed papillary serous and clear cell subtype histological patterns for primary peritoneal papillary serous carcinoma are first described in this report. It seems that this neoplasm may be treated and followed up as in epithelial ovarian cancer, obtaining long-term survival; however, the biologic behavior and management problems of this relatively new entity deserve further clinical experience.
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PMID:Primary peritoneal papillary serous adenocarcinoma: clinical and management aspects. 201 45

The 5-deaza and 5,8-dideaza analogues of N alpha-pteroyl-L-ornithine (Pter-Orn), the 5-deaza, 8-deaza, and 5,8-dideaza analogues of N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-L-ornithine (APA-Orn), and the N delta-carboxymethyl derivative of N alpha-(4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroyl)-L-ornithine (mAPA-Orn) were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and as inhibitors of tumor cell growth in culture. Reductive amination of 2-acetamido-6-formylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4(3H)-one with methyl N alpha-(4-aminobenzoyl)-N delta-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-ornithinate followed by removal of the blocking groups afforded the 5-deaza analogue of Pter-Orn, whereas N-alkylation of methyl N alpha-(4-aminobenzoyl)-N delta-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-ornithinate with 2-amino-6-(bromomethyl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one and deprotection gave the corresponding 5,8-dideaza analogue. Reductive coupling of 2,4-diaminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile and 4-aminobenzoic acid followed by reaction with 95-97% formic acid yielded 4-amino-4-deoxy-5-deaza-N10-formylpteroic acid, which on condensation with methyl N delta-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-ornithinate and deprotection gave the 5-deaza analogue of APA-Orn. A similar sequence starting from 2,4-diamino-quinazoline-6-carbonitrile led to the corresponding 5,8-dideaza compound, whereas treatment of 2,4-diamino-pyrido[3,2-d]pyrimidine-6-methanol with phosphorus tribromide followed by condensation with methyl N alpha-(4-aminobenzoyl)-N delta-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-ornithinate and deprotection afforded the 8-deaza analogue. For the preparation of the N delta-carboxymethyl derivative of mAPA-Orn, N alpha-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-L-ornithine was subjected to N delta-monoalkylation with glyoxylic acid and sodium cyanoborohydride, followed by N delta-acylation with ethyl trifluoroacetate, N alpha-deprotection by hydrogenolysis, condensation with 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroic acid, and N delta-deprotection by gentle treatment with ammonia. The 2,4-diamino derivatives all inhibited the growth of tumor cells in culture, with IC50 values of 0.2-2 microM, and inhibited purified DHFR with IC50 values of 0.02-0.08 microM. Deletion of ring nitrogens and N delta-carboxymethylation both increased potency in the cell growth assay; however, the ornithine derivatives were less potent than aminopterin or methotrexate.
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PMID:Synthesis and in vitro biological activity of new deaza analogues of folic acid, aminopterin, and methotrexate with an L-ornithine side chain. 201 22

More than 60 breast cancer specimens were screened for their expression status of 25 different proto-oncogenes. The screening method is based on in vitro synthesis of a radioactive cDNA copied from the total cellular RNA of tumor tissue. This cDNA is hybridized to cloned oncogene probes which are immobilized to a GeneScreen membrane. Frequently multiple oncogenes were found expressed although expression levels were rather moderate. 25-30% of the analyzed tumors showed significant expression of either erbB, src, raf1, lck or H-ras. Although neu expression--an oncogene believed to be particular relevant as prognostic parameter for mamma carcinoma--was screened for most of the tumors with a heterologous gene probe, expression signals could be detected in about 20% cases. The only notable correlation with classical clinical parameters such as tumor size and proliferation stage, hormone receptor status and different DNA indices was the observation that tumors lacking the progesterone receptor frequently express multiple oncogenes. Advantages and limitations of the cDNA/dot-blot screening for oncogene expression are discussed.
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PMID:Expression of oncogenes in human breast cancer specimens. 201 53

The traditional unfavorable clinicopathologic features in operable breast cancer are large tumor size, number of axillary node metastases, poorly differentiated grade, presence of lymphatic tumor emboli near to the primary malignancy, blood vessel invasion, tumor necrosis, intense lymphoplasmocytic reaction around the tumor and perimenopausal status. Current multidisciplinary approach is still based on two major clinico-pathologic findings such as tumor size and number of infiltrated axillary nodes. Only in recent years the presence or absence of estrogen receptors was taken into consideration to administer adjuvant tamoxifen or adjuvant chemotherapy, respectively. Since the fundamental prognostic indicators in breast cancer are the total tumor cell number and its inherent biological aggressiveness, it is important to assess the clinical role of the proposed new determinants as a guide to prognosis in series of consecutive patients staged and managed according to uniform treatment programs. Properties such as hormone receptor status, ploidy and tumor cell kinetics (3H-TdR labeling index and percent of S-phase cell) as well as oncogenes should be evaluated also as expression of tumor cell burden and/or indicators of clinical aggressiveness. Recent results from retrospective case series strongly suggest that tumor cell proliferative activity, in particular labelling index, is a prognostic factor independent of axillary nodes, tumor size, and receptor status for the relapse-free survival of node-positive and node-negative tumors. This new prognostic factor should be taken into consideration in the selection of candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in resectable breast cancer. 203 Nov 98

We describe a slide assay that allows the demonstration of antigens localized in the nucleus from isolated white blood cells as well as from single tumor cells derived from malignant effusions. With the antibodies Ki-67 and anti-p-145 an increased rate of nuclear and nucleolar staining resulted in cells from highly malignant lymphomas. An almost identical reaction was obtained when tumor cells from malignant effusions were tested. Cells isolated from the blood of patients with leukemic spread of lymphomas of low malignancy yielded a weak staining comparable to that of normal mesothelial cells from non-tumorous cavity fluids. The detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR) localized in the cell nucleus can be achieved by the same assay. The reaction is enhanced by incubation of the tumor cells for 30 min at 37 degrees C prior to fixation. Pleural effusions from 20 patients with breast cancer were tested. ER was positive in 13 and PR was positive in 12 of the 20 samples. In 5 cases there was a divergent reaction with ER and PR antibody. The hormone receptors of the primary tumor were known in 15 (ER) and 14 (PR) patients, respectively. In each cohort there was only one case with a negative reaction of the primary tumor and a positive reaction with the isolated tumor cells from the pleural effusions. These results indicate that the demonstration of hormone receptor proteins in cells from malignant effusions is possible and that there is a correlation with the status of the primary site of cancer.
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PMID:Demonstration of estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as Ki-67 and p-145 antigens in single tumor cells from blood and pleural effusions using a slide assay. 203 90

We compared the results of quantitative DNA analysis of fresh tumor tissue from 50 invasive breast carcinomas by image analysis and flow cytometry. For image analysis, Feulgen-stained slides of tumor imprints and of disaggregated tumor cytospin preparations were evaluated with the CAS-200 image analyzer. For flow cytometry, propidium iodide-stained disaggregated tumor cells were analyzed with the Coulter EPICS-C flow cytometer. The two methods yielded comparable results. The DNA indices obtained by the two methods showed close correlation by linear regression analysis (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001). There were 26 diploid (52%) and 24 nondiploid (48%) carcinomas. The ploidy pattern between the two methods showed agreement in 41 carcinomas (82%) and discordance in two (4%). Three tumors (6%) were equivocal by flow cytometry and four (8%) by image analysis. The equivocal cases presented potential sources of error in the evaluation of histograms in the near-tetraploid region by flow cytometry and in the near-diploid region by image analysis. Image analysis required smaller tissue samples and permitted direct visualization and selection of tumor cells. It also detected more tetraploid carcinomas. In contrast, flow cytometry analyzed larger cell samples and provided histograms with better resolution. It more readily detected the presence of multiple aneuploid peaks and also the presence of aneuploid peaks in the near-diploid range. The presence of aneuploidy was significantly related to the loss of hormone receptor expression, high mitotic rate, and high histologic and nuclear grades. Our study indicates that image analysis and flow cytometry provide comparable results in a majority of breast carcinomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Quantitative DNA analysis in breast carcinomas: a comparison between image analysis and flow cytometry. 204 81

The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 has been described in 1983 by Gerdes. Lymphocytes stimulated with PHA as well as a number of human tissues have been studied using the antibody. The results have shown, that the Ki-67 antigen is expressed by all cells in the active phases of the cell cycle not, however, by resting cells or the starting sequences of the cell cycle. Although the nature of the Ki-67 antigen ist not yet known, several studies have demonstrated that the Ki-67 growth fraction is a valuable parameter for characterization of malignant tumors. So far, the so-called "Ki-67 growth fraction" (Ki-67 GF) has been determined on non-Hodgkin-lymphomas and on malignant tumors of the bone, kidney and lung. The most extensive data are available on breast cancer. In the author's studies the APAAP-method (APAAP = "alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase") is preferred as an immunohistochemical staining method. The median Ki-67 growth fraction of 261 breast carcinomas was 12.5% (range 1 to 65%), being five times higher than in benign breast tissue (n = 126). The Ki-67 GF of breast cancer was correlated to different parameters known to be related to prognosis. Thus, a correlation was found with the age of patients, tumor stage, histological grading and hormone receptor status. These results are similar to those obtained by autoradiography and flow cytometry. Of 141 patients the clinical outcome of disease is known (median follow-up 22 months): 25 patients have developed local recurrence of the chest wall. This group of patients showed no significant correlation to the Ki-67 growth fractions of the primary tumors. However, the Ki-67 GF was significantly higher in 20 patients with early systemic disease and in 19 patients who died from breast cancer. Based on these results a clinical trial on adjuvant chemotherapy of lymphnode-negative patients should be taken into consideration. Thus, the prognosis for early stage breast cancer might be improved.
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PMID:[In situ determination of the Ki-67 growth fraction (Ki-67 GF) in human tumors (studies in breast cancer)]. 208 Feb 54


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