Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effect of carbon tetrachloride on the carcinogenicity of the flower stalk of Petasites japonicus was examined in 3 experimental groups of inbred strain ACI rats. Group 1 received 4% petasites diet until termination of the experiment and intragastric administration of CC14, once every 2 weeks, for a total of 15 times. Group 2 received only 4% petasites diet, and Group 3 CC14 and a basal diet. Another group of rats which were fed a basal diet served as a control groups. Both Group 1 and 2 showed the same incidence of hemangioendothelial sarcoma of the liver (6/22). However, the incidence of hyperplastic liver nodules (19/22) and liver cell adenomas (8/22) in Group 1 was significantly higher than in Group 2 (2/22, 0/22). No hyperplastic liver nodules or liver cell adenomas were noted in Group 3. These results indicate that the administration of CC14 probably enhanced the carcinogenic activity of Petasites japonicus in hepatocellular tumorigenesis. Three hemangioendothelial sarcomas of the liver induced in rats in Groups 1 and 2 were subcutaneously transplanted and established as transplantable tumor lines.
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PMID:Effect of carbon tetrachloride on carcinogenicity of petasites japonicus and transplantability of induced tumors. 59 54

The skin tumor-initiating activities of the 12 isomeric phenols of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) were determined in mice by use of a two-stage system of tumorigenesis. 11-Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was moderately active, whereas 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene and BP were strong tumor initiators when applied topically to CD-1 mice and followed by twice-weekly applications of the promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-, 10-, and 12-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene had less than 5% of the tumor-initiating activity of BP when the data were expressed as papillomas per mouse. After 30 weeks of promotion, the number of papillomas per mouse was 8.4, 8.5, and 2.8, respectively, for the animals treated with BP, 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, and 11-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. A 5-week latency period before the appearance of the first tumor was observed after the application of either 2-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene or BP, whereas a slightly longer latency period of 7 weeks was observed following application of 11-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene. The time required for 50% of the animals to develop tumors was 13 weeks for animals treated with BP and 15 weeks for animals treated with 2- or 11-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene.
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PMID:Skin tumor-initiating activities of the twelve isomeric phenols of benzo(a)pyrene. 62 71

Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase were studied by disc-electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel, and in the clinic--in 1% agar gel. Oncovirus A12 invasion of the culture of rat embryo fibroblasts (REF) was found to result in the increased percentage of the cathode fractions activity (LDG-4 and LD-5) and in the disappearance of LDG-1 yet during the first day of the experiment prior to hypoxia and enhanced proliferation, i. e. it is most likely to be primary. In the homogenates of cancerous tumor and large intestine polyps of man also a reliable increase of the cathode and a decrease or disappearance of the anode fractions accur. A correlation of the experimental and clinical data allowed a suggestion to be made that LDG isoenzymes changes are genetically conditioned and play an important role in the process of oncogenesis, providing conditions for the increased intensity of glycolysis and proliferation.
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PMID:[Changes in lactate dehydrogenase isoforms in the process of oncogenesis]. 63 70

Tumor cells inoculated intradermally or s.c. into more cranial regions of the lateral trunk show strikingly greater tumor growth and development than do similar cells injected more caudally. At low tumor cell doses the incidence anteriorly may be double that found posteriorly and tumors become detectable more rapidly anteriorly; at higher cell doses the anterior:posterior ratio of tumor weight may be 4:1. The effect appears to be independent of the type of tumor used (mastocytoma, sarcoma, teratoma, lymphoma, or adenocarcinoma) and of the strain of mouse host; it does not appear to be influenced by the sex of the host animal, the immunogenicity of the tumor, or the immunological competence of the tumor recipient. The results are discussed both in terms of practical considerations for developing adequate tumor transplantation and treatment protocols and in terms of the biological significance in relation to spontaneous or induced oncogenesis.
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PMID:Regional differences in the incidence and growth of mouse tumors following intradermal or subcutaneous inoculation. 64 84

A case of diffuse cerebrospinal gliomatosis is presented, with widespread involvement of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord. This showed a far more extensive distribution of tumor cells than previously reported cases of gliomatosis cerebri. The clinical picture and oncogenesis of gliomatosis cerebri is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Diffuse cerebrospinal gliomatosis. Case report. 67 Oct 86

An increasing incidence of bladder neoplasms temporally associated with chemotherapy, usually cyclophosphamide, is being reported. These secondary primary bladder malignancies are characteristically found in two groups of patients: those with lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative tumors, and those with immunosuppression after organ transplantation. A case of adenocarcinoma of the bladder associated with malignant lymphoma is reported, and the known cases of second primary bladder malignancies after cyclophosphamide therapy as reported in the literature are reviewed. Studies relating to the enhanced occurrence of second primary cancers in lymphoproliferative disorders are presented. The recognized urologic toxicities of cyclophosphamide, including cytopathologic changes in animals and humans, are discussed. The observed association between immunosuppression and second primary malignancies is explored, as supported by studies on congenital immunodeficiency in humans, viral oncogenesis in experimental animals, and neoplasia after organ transplantation. Possible mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with cyclophosphamide are reviewed, including suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immune defense mechanisms, direct carcinogenesis, or cocarcinogenesis. A plea is made for the orderly reporting and careful documentation of bladder tumors in patients receiving cyclophosphamide. It is suggested that prospective studies in these patients and in patients receiving cyclophosphamide for nonmalignant disorders would be of value in assessing the culpability of cyclophosphamide as a carcinogen.
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PMID:Does cyclophosphamide induce bladder cancer? 67 98

Subcutaneous injection of N-nitrosobis(2-oxypropyl)amine (BOP) induced thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas in MRC rats. The tumor yield was 50% following a single dose and 60% after weekly treatment for life. In males the tumor incidence was slightly higher and the latency period shorter, while in females, the tumors were larger. Sites of origin, size, multiplicity and morphologic patterns of tumors were analyzed in relation to dose and sex. The possible mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis are discussed.
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PMID:Induction of thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine. 68 78

This study investigated the effects of prolonged corticosteroid therapy on the course of spontaneous autoimmune disease and oncogenesis in NZB/NZW mice, an animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty young female NZB/NZW mice were treated until death with low-dose hydrocortisone sodium succinate (3.3 mg/kg/day), and 21 mice received high-dose hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day). Fifteen control mice were injected with saline. Long-term therapy with either dose of hydrocortisone effectively prevented renal disease and prolonged lifespans in NZB/NZW mice. Fifty-six percent of low-dose treated animals developed neoplasms, and 38% of mice in this treatment group died with renal disease. Neoplasms caused death in 76% of mice receiving high-dose treatment. Long-term hydrocortisone therapy was associated with a predominance of sarcomas, which appeared in aged mice after a long period of treatment. In earlier studies conducted in this laboratory, cyclophosphamide treatment prolonged life in NZB/NZW mice. Ninety-seven percent of cyclophosphamide-treated mice developed neoplasms; most tumors were lymphomas or carcinomas. It was concluded that neoplasms occur commonly in old NZB/NZW mice with lives prolonged by immunosuppressive or antiinflammatory drugs. Nevertheless, the specific therapeutic agent used in each study influenced the types of neoplasms appearing in treated mice.
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PMID:Prolonged lifespan and high incidence of neoplasms in NZB/NZW mice treated with hydrocortisone sodium succinate. 69 74

Data of the examination of 143 patients with limited forms of cancer and benign tumors of the mammary gland have been analysed. Mention is made of certain difficulties in establishing the differential diagnosis of such tumors based only on the clinical symptoms. The tumorigenesis may be established by using some accessory diagnostic methods: a cytological test of the tumor punctate and the breast nipple discharge, as well as a sectorial resection of the involved mammary gland portion with an express histological analysis of the preparation. Mammography aids to precisely determine the tumor size. Clinically, the true proliferation of the tumor is difficult to recognize, but it may be recognized after radical mastectomy and histological investigation of the whole preparation.
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PMID:[Clinical symptoms of cancer and precancerous diseases of the breast]. 69 21

Neonatal female mice of the BALB/cC3H/Crgl strain were given daily injections of 17 beta-estradiol, progesterone and prolactin, singly and in some combinations, for 5 days beginning within 36 hr after birth. Mice were killed at tumor age or by 12 months of age. Differential cell counts of the anterior pituitary showed that prolactin cells were more numerous in neomatally estrogen-treated mice and progesterone-treated intact mice than in control mice. Paired analysis of tumor-bearing and non-tumor-bearing mice of all groups revealed that the occurrence of prolactin cells was greater in the former than the latter. Counts of gonadotropes and thyrotropes did not show any significant correlation with mammary tumorigenesis. However, neonatal estrogen and/or progesterone treatment resulted in significantly decreased numbers of gonadotropes in intact mice. In ovariectomized mice, gonadotropes were significantly increased regardless of neonatal treatment. The present results support the suggestion that the stimulatory effects of neonatal steroid treatment of mammary tumorigenesis may be a consequence of increased prolactin secretion, resulting from sustained minimal estrogen secretion by the ovary.
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PMID:Histometric study of the pituitary in mice treated neonatally with steroids and the relationship between prolactin cells and mammary tumorigenesis. 71 Mar 69


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