Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A pSV3neo-transfected rat ovarian cell line (SV-GC) was developed from a primary granulosa culture (GC) to study gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) during Simian virus 40 (SV40) transformation. SV-GC expressed SV40 large T-antigen (T-ag), grew indefinitely in culture without luteinization, was anchorage independent, and formed tumors in nude mice. Ultrastructural analysis identified abundant gap junctional membrane and suggested that SV-GC was arrested at an early stage of differentiation. Functional GJIC, measured by a dye transfer technique (gap FRAP), was comparable to that observed in normal granulosa cells, suggesting that the expression of T-ag alone was insufficient to reduce GJIC. However, there was approximately a 50% loss in the rate of GJIC in the nude mouse SV-GC-tumor derived and G418 selected cell line (T-SV-GC). SV-GC----T-SV-GC also resulted in a transition from migration of cells as an epithelial sheet to the dissociation of individual fibroblastoid cells. Tumor cell detachment was also seen in migrating malignant human (A2780 and 547) and rat (DC3) ovarian cell lines. Co-culture combinations of normal (GC)----transformed (SV-GC)----tumor-derived (T-SV-GC) cells indicated that the rate of heterologous GJIC was characteristic of the least communicating partner. Taken together, these data suggested that SV-GC----T-SV-GC represented progression toward metastasis with concomitant reduction of GJIC and adhesiveness. These sequentially derived cell lines may be a useful in vitro model system for studies focusing on the mechanism involved in the detachment of cells during the progression of ovarian cancer.
 ...
PMID:Cell-to-cell communication competence in simian virus 40-transfected rat ovarian cells is reduced following tumor selection. 132 6

Fifty-one consecutive, previously untreated patients with FIGO stage III or IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma were enrolled in a prospective study over a period of 7 years (1981-1988). Significant improvement has been noted in patients with advanced ovarian cancer following the administration of modified PAC 1 (adriamycin, cytoxan and cyclophosphamide) immediately following primary debulking surgery (within 24 hours) and repeated for 11 monthly cycles. A second look operation was found as an important prognostic indicator. Thirty-one patients (all Stage III) completed the chemotherapy course and were eligible for second look operation. Of these, 21 patients (68%) showed negative second look. Of the patients with negative second look, 17 of 21 (81%) are alive with a mean survival of 61 months (range 19-103 months) after diagnosis. Among those with positive second look only 3 of 10 are alive with a mean of 41 months after diagnosis. The remaining 20 patients (13 stage III and 7 stage IV) did not undergo second look laparotomy. Only 2 of these 20 patients are alive with a mean of 35 months after diagnosis. Other factors of significant importance were: age and completion of chemotherapy course. Patients appeared to benefit from the combined regimen of optimal debulking surgery, completion of 12 courses of chemotherapy with the first course administered immediately after surgery and second look operation. Tumor type or histologic grade did not seem to influence results. The early use of chemotherapy was well tolerated and toxicity was minimal and acceptable.
 ...
PMID:Tumor debulking followed by immediate combination chemotherapy in advanced ovarian carcinoma. Phase II. 132 12

Gemcitabine (dFdC) and DMDC are new antimetabolites with good antitumor activities against various tumors which include human leukemic cell lines and a number of rodent and human solid tumors and human tumor. They are structurally related to cytarabine (Ara-C) which is known as one of the most effective drugs against adult acute leukemia, but many solid tumors are insensitive not been found to the drug. Gemcitabine acts as an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and inhibits DNA synthesis. Biochemically Gemcitabine is rapidly phosphorylated to dFdCTP which has a comparatively longer half-life than that of Ara-C, showing a therapeutic activity against tumors. In the phase I trials, the reported maximum-tolerated doses were 790 mg/m2 to 1370 mg/m2 at the schedule of 30 minutes i.v. infusion once a week for three weeks but higher dose levels (2,500 mg/m2 to 4,800 mg/m2) were reported in the schedule of prolongation of the infusion time. Reported toxicities were myelosuppression, fatigability, fever, appetite loss and skin rash. Toxicities were seemed to be mild. In USA, Europe and South Africa, phase II trials of Gemcitabine at the schedule of 30 minutes infusion once a week for three weeks followed by one week rest were performed against solid tumors (breast cancer, ovarian cancer, renal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreas cancer, head and neck cancer, and lung cancer) and showed good responses to those tumors. DMDC was developed in Japan, and a phase I trial is currently on-going.
 ...
PMID:[New antitumor antimetabolites--gemcitabine and DMDC]. 133 22

Ovarian small cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type is a rare cancer of young women of nuclear histogenesis. Although usually lethal, a subset of patients with stage I tumors have survived. Twenty-five cases of small cell carcinoma (17 stage I, 1 stage II, and 7 stage III) were evaluated by flow cytometric analysis performed on paraffin-embedded tissue. Forty classifiable histograms from 23 cases were DNA diploid; histograms from two cases could not be interpreted. The mean S-phase fraction was 10.5% (4.7% to 18.4%), and the mean G2/M fraction was 5% (1.5% to 19.5%) in 22 cases. Mean values of mitotic rate, S-phase fraction, G2/M fraction, and proliferation index (%S + %G2/M) were not associated with stage or outcome, nor did any proliferation variable correlate with interval to death. A comparative review of flow cytometric findings in other types of ovarian cancer that may be confused with small cell carcinoma indicates that flow cytometry is an objective diagnostic aid to distinguish small cell carcinoma of the hypercalcemic type from other forms of small cell carcinoma, malignant germ cell tumors, and sex-cord tumors, and that small cell carcinoma probably does not belong in either the surface epithelial or germ cell categories of ovarian cancer. Finally, the flow cytometric findings in this report exemplify the rare phenomenon of a diploid DNA content in a very lethal tumor and indicate that an accurate diagnosis of tumor type is essential before a prognosis on the basis of flow cytometric data can be made.
 ...
PMID:DNA content and proliferative activity in ovarian small cell carcinomas of the hypercalcemic type. Implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and histogenesis. 133 64

A pharmacological, behavioural and nursing intervention strategy was evaluated for prevention of cisplatin (50 mg m-2) induced emesis in ovarian cancer patients. 46 patients received metoclopramide 2.5 mg kg-1 i.v., b.i.d., dexamethasone 20 mg i.v., lorazepam and biperiden as well as training in relaxation, nutritional advice and continuity in nursing care. Controls (n = 34) received standard treatment (metoclopramide 10-20 mg i.v. or dixyracin 20 mg i.v.). The intensity and duration of nausea and vomiting were significantly lower and measures of quality of life higher for patients on the experimental ward during the three cycles that were studied. No significant changes in emesis were observed between the cycles. There was no correlation between emesis and any of the parameters of quality of life measured. The reliability and validity of nausea ratings are discussed and we suggest that an underreporting of nausea and vomiting might be common.
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 1992
PMID:Control of cisplatin induced emesis--a multidisciplinary intervention strategy. 134 20

Dermatomyositis (DM) is associated to malignant neoplasia in up to one third of the cases. Not considering breast neoplasia, ovarian cancer is the malignancy most frequently associated with DM in women. This study shows the evolution and outcome of a case of this association managed in our unit. The principal features of similar cases reported in the literature are summarized.
 ...
PMID:[Ovarian cancer and dermatomyositis. A clinical case]. 134 78

Overexpression of the c-erbB-2/neu protooncogene has recently been shown in ovarian tumors collected from the United States. It is known that environmental and cultural factors may contribute to certain types of cancer, therefore, we examined expression of c-erbB-2/neu in ovarian tumors collected from China by immunohistochemical staining. Out of 81 tumor specimens, 57 (70.4%) were found to be immunopositive, whereas only one out of 17 (5.9%) normal ovarian tissue samples was slightly positive. Our results indicate that overexpression of c-erbB-2/neu is a general phenomenon for ovarian cancer regardless of different population. To search for a c-erbB/neu overexpressing cell line for future study on molecular mechanism, we also analyzed 13 cancer cell lines from the female genital tract for expression of c-erbB-2/neu. The c-erbB-2/neu RNA was found to be overexpressed at least 100-fold in one of the four ovarian cancer cell lines examined. An aberrant c-erbB-2/neu RNA was also found to be overexpressed in this cell line. Southern blot analysis indicated that the c-erbB-2/neu was amplified 2-4-fold in this line, and some of these alleles have structural alteration which may account for expression of the aberrant c-erbB-2/neu RNA. Since the 2-4-fold gene amplification is not proportional to the greater than 100-fold overexpression in RNA, other mechanisms such as transcriptional or posttranscriptional control must be involved in overexpression of this gene in ovarian cancer.
 ...
PMID:Aberrant expression of the c-erbB-2/neu protooncogene in ovarian cancer. 134 99

Unusual restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the Ha-ras locus have been found in DNA from leukocytes and tumor tissue of cancer patients. To determine whether rare alleles would be observed frequently in patients with ovarian cancer, Ha-ras RFLPs were studied in DNA from 42 different ovarian epithelial tumors and from the peripheral blood leukocytes of 76 normal individuals. Four common, seven intermediate, and seven rare alleles were detected overall. Similar fractions of rare alleles were found in DNA from ovarian cancers and from the peripheral blood of normal individuals. Thus, the frequency of unusual Ha-ras RFLPs did not distinguish patients with ovarian cancers from apparently healthy individuals.
 ...
PMID:Ha-ras polymorphisms in epithelial ovarian cancer. 135 62

Platinum-based chemotherapy has led to an improvement in complete response rates and duration of median remission, but has only given a modest improvement in overall survival in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy will in the future focus upon: (1) improving the complete remission rate with new induction regimens; (2) identifying strategies capable of converting partial remission into complete remission; (3) preventing or delaying recurrences in patients who do achieve a complete remission; (4) identifying mechanisms of antineoplastic drug resistance and pharmacologic techniques capable of reversing drug resistance. Among the treatment approaches being utilized are high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation, development of new chemotherapeutic regimens which include Taxol and hexamethylmelamine, and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In addition, our understanding of the mechanisms of antineoplastic drug resistance has led to the development of novel therapeutic approaches. It has been demonstrated that resistance to platinum and alkylating agents is associated with both increased concentrations of cellular glutathione (GSH) as well as an increased capacity of tumor cells to repair damage to DNA. Inhibition of GSH biosynthesis with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a synthetic inhibitor of the enzyme gamma glutamyl cysteine synthetase, has led to the potentiation of alkylating agent activity in vitro and in vivo. A phase I trial of BSO plus melphalan is currently in progress and a trial of BSO plus carboplatin is planned. Inhibition of the DNA repair process with aphidicolin potentiates the cytotoxicity of cisplatin in drug-resistant tumor cells. Clinical trials of aphidicolin plus cisplatin await the completion of ongoing phase I trials of aphidicolin.
 ...
PMID:Role of chemotherapy in the future treatment of ovarian cancer. 135 5

Taxotere (RP 56976, NSC 628503) is a new semisynthetic analog of taxol (NSC 125973) with promising antitumor activity in a variety of preclinical screening systems. Clinical responses after treatment with taxol have been observed in ovarian cancer, breast, lung cancer and melanoma. Both agents act through induction of microtubule polymerization. We have studied and compared the antiproliferative action of Taxotere and taxol against a variety of freshly explanted human tumor specimens using an in vitro soft agar cloning system. Final concentrations of 0.025-10 micrograms/ml were used for both agents in short-term (1 h) or continuous (14 days) incubations. Taxotere was studied using a 1 h incubation in a total of 167 tumor specimens of which 85 (51%) were evaluable. At 10 micrograms/ml, Taxotere inhibited 32 out of 78 (41%) specimens (colony formation less than or equal to 0.5 x control). Cytotoxicity of Taxotere was observed against breast, lung, ovarian, colorectal cancer and melanoma tumor colony forming units. For comparison, 227 specimens were exposed to taxol for 1 h. At 10 micrograms/ml, 32 out of 97 evaluable specimens (33%) were significantly inhibited. Cytotoxicity was observed against breast, lung, ovarian, colorectal cancer and melanoma tumor colony forming units. In head-to-head comparisons, 29 specimens were found more sensitive to Taxotere than taxol, while only 13 were more sensitive to taxol than to Taxotere. These data indicate that cross-resistance between the two agents is incomplete and that on a concentration basis Taxotere is more cytotoxic than taxol in the majority of human primary tumor specimens evaluated.
 ...
PMID:Effects of Taxotere and taxol on in vitro colony formation of freshly explanted human tumor cells. 135 30


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>