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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The metastatic spread of a trnasplantable murine ovarian cancer is similar to the spread of ovarian cancer in patients with advanced disease, making it a useful model to investigate novel experimental therapies. The ip inoculation of 10(6) tumor cells into C3HeB/FeJ mice leads to the formation of ascites, sub-diaphragmatic tumor deposits, intra-abdominal tumors, and death within 25 days. Adriamycin (ADR) was found to be an active agent against this murine ovarian cancer. The effects of ADR were dependent upon the route of administration. A single ip LD10 dose of ADR (5 mg/kg) administered 2 days after inoculation with 10(6) tumor cells produced long-term survival (greater than 60 days) in 70% of the mice. An iv LD10 dose had no effect on survival. The survival advantage of ip ADR (compared to the iv route) was found to be related to: (a) a greater suppression of DNA synthesis in the tumor; (b) a rapid penetration of ADR into the nuclei of ascites tumor cells and into sub-diaphragmatic tumor deposits; and (c) significantly higher levels of ADR in tumor cells following ip administration. The ip route may also be less cardiotoxic since the peak levels after an iv dose were three times greater than after an equal ip dose. If local toxicity does not prove to be a major problem, then ip ADR may be a useful mode of therapy in patients with intra-abdominal tumors.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for murine ovarian cancer: a rationale for ip therapy with adriamycin. 44 4

The predictive value of serial levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in tumor monitoring was examined in 213 patients with ovarian cancer; each patient had been followed-up at monthly intervals for at least 12 months. CEA was not detectable throughout the period of observation in 35% of the patients. In general. patterns showing a disappearance of CEA or persistently low levels were associated with a good prognosis, whereas those showing a reappearance or highly elevated and rising levels were associated with a poor prognosis. A transient reappearance of CEA was observed in 10 patients; this did not appear to be associated with tumor recurrence or progression. "False positive" results were obtained in 6 patients in whom no tumor has been clinically detectable to date. "False negative" results were obtained in 4 patients with obvious tumor progression. In terms of a good or poor prognosis, the use of CEA levels was highly accurate in patients with minimal or no residual disease (97% and 89%, respectively); the rate fell to 62% in patients with extensive disease. As the clinical significance and limitations become better known, serial CEA levels should contribute substantially to the monitoring of patients with ovarian cancer.
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PMID:Predictive value of serial carcinoembryonic antigen levels in long-term follow-up of ovarian cancer. 45 31

The records of 2,115 patients with ovarian cancer who were treated at the M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, Texas, during the 30 year period from 1944 to 1973 were reviewed. Ninety percent of the patients had an epithelial cancer of the ovary. The important prognostic factors include stage and grade of tumor and the presence or absence of ascites. Probably the most important prognostic factor, however, was the size of the largest tumor mass that remained after initial surgery. The patient's age and socioeconomic level were also influencing factors in the survival rate in this series of patients. Most of the patients had advanced disease when first examined and received some type of adjunctive postoperative treatment. The survival of patients who received postoperative irradiation, when compared by stage and size of the largest residual tumor mass, was improved over those who received chemotherapy.
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PMID:Rewiew of ovarian cancer at the University of Texas Systems Cancer Center, M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute. 50 37

Corynebacterium parvum, an anaerobic diptheroid, has been demonstrated to be therapeutic in several tumor models by stimulating immunologic defenses. Formalin-killed C. parvum was investigated in the present study as an immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of murine ovarian cancer, a model that closely simulates the activity of clinical disease. C. parvum successfully prolonged survival in murine ovarian cancer and its effectiveness improved with increasing dosage. The efficacy of C. parvum was further enhanced by a multiple-dose regimen. A previous report demonstrated the efficacy of heterologous tumor antisera in the serologic treatment of murine ovarian cancer. At the dosages investigated, the combination of C. parvum and heterologous tumor antisera (SG-200) provided longer survival than either modality independently. C. parvum is an effective anti-cancer agent in murine ovarian cancer and may find utility in a clinical setting.
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PMID:Corynebacterium parvum as an immunotherapeutic agent in an ovarian cancer model. 56 Jan 24

L-Asparaginase sensitivity and asparagin-deficiency of 5 tumor cell populations, i.e. mouse lymphoma L-1210, LI0-1, LTL, Berkitt lymphoma and human ovary cancer, line CaOv were studied. Radiometric estimation of 3H-thimidine incorporation into the cells of DNA served a criterion of cytotoxicity. "Krasnitin" (FDR) was used as L-asparaginase. The cells of leukemia L-1210, lymphosarcoma LIO-1 and line CaOv were asparagine-independent and non-sensitive to L-asparaginase. The cells of mouse lympholeukemia LTL and the cultures of Berkitt human lymphoma proved to be asparagin-dependent and highly sensitive to L-asparaginase. In concentration of 50 IU/ml the drug inhibited incorporation of 3H-thimidine in the cells of LTL and Berkitt lymphoma by 97-98 and 75-80 per cent respectively. Inhibition of 3H-thimidine incorporation in the cells of LTL and Berkitt lymphoma was more pronounced after incubation with the drug for 8 and 24 hours respectively. Two out of the 5 tumor cell populations were chosen as a result of the study. One of these 2 populations, i.e. the cells of Berkitt lymphoma was asparagin-dependent and highly sensitive to L-asparaginase, the other, i.e. the cells of line CaOv was asparagin-independent and resistant to the specific antitumor effect of the enzyme. The use of a system of these two cell lines provided estimation of the ratio of the specific cytostatic (antitumor activity) and non-specific cytostatic properties in the preparations with L-asparaginase activity.
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PMID:[Cellular test system for studying the biological properties of preparations with L-asparaginase activity]. 59 48

Ovarian tumor-associated antigen isolated from human tumor tissue was shown to have a different mobility from that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in both acrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis in agarose. The ovarian tumor antigen is composed of six species with different electrophoretic mobility in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of these species were detected in Sephadex G-100 ovarian fraction OCA (from the void volume peak) and the other three species of lower apparent molecular weight were detected in fraction OCD (from the second peak). Fractions OCA and OCD did not share common antigenic determinations as determined by immunodiffusion. CEA was shown to share antigenic determinants with both OCA and OCD. A double-antibody radioimmunoassay capable of detecting nanogram quantities of plasma OCA was developed. In a preliminary study of ovarian cancer patients, OCA appeared to be a more sensitive marker for ovarian cancer than CEA. There was vitually no correlation (r2 - 0.1) between OCA and CEA levels in these patients, as determined by radioimmunoassay.
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PMID:The development of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for detecting ovarian tumor-associated antigen fraction OCA in plasma. 68 71

Gynecologic cancers present unusual opportunities to explore the fruits of well-designed clinical trials to assess the value of existing treatment using a combined modality approach soon after diagnosis. Cancers of the ovary and uterus have well-defined, familiar natural histories. Pathways of spread are clear and reasons for treatment failure are often blatantly obvious. In the case of ovarian cancer, regional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy has been relatively ineffective and generally has not improved the survival statistics in the last two decades. Spread of tumor cells widely throughout the abdominal cavity outside radiation or surgical fields, even in patients with apparently early disease, is the obvious reason. Studies are underway to assess the impact of long-term postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with L-phenylalanine mustard, an alkylating agent effective in patients with advanced disease, in early stages of ovarian cancer following surgery and or x-irradiation. The search is on for more effective drugs, or combinations of drugs, that could subsequently serve as more effective adjuvant treatments. In carcinoma of the uterine cervix, chemotherapy as an adjunct to surgery and/or radiotherapy in patients with localized, or locally inoperable disease has been poorly evaluated; little data are available and the value of many established drugs in patients with metastatic cervical cancer is undermined. Some recent evidence suggests the use of hydroxyurea, a drug that by itself is not effective in controlling tumor, may enhance the effect of radiotherapy in patients with Stage II disease. Uterine fundal cancer is often successfully treated by surgery alone. The data for the use of pre- or postoperative radiotherapy are open to considerable question. While the relative nontoxic progesterone compounds are effective in a small but significant fraction of patients with advanced uterine cancer, no properly designed clinical trial has truly evaluated their role as postoperative adjuncts in patients who have resectable tumor but a definite high risk of recurrence. Systemic chemotherapy has been rarely used with any consistency against this tumor but, even so, some chemotherapeutic leads, such as the use of adriamycin, are worthy of exploration. The absence of useful information on systemic treatment of gynecologic malignancies can be traced to the excessive rigid compartmentalization of medical practice. Only recently have investigators of all persuasions begun to explore and exploit some of the therapeutic opportunities, which have been available for some time.
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PMID:Perspectives on research in gynecologic oncology. 77 90

Cyst fluid and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were measured in 11 patients with ovarian cyst-adenocarcinoma and in 16 patients with benign ovarian neoplasms. In patients with ovarian cancer, plasma CEA levels were not elevated above 2.5 ng/ml unless cyst fluid CEA levels were 4 to 16 mu-g/ml. In this series, cystic and plasma CEA levels were elevated most consistently in patients with mucinous ovarian tumors. Furthermore, on the basis of molecular size and immunoreactivity by immunodiffusion, ovarian cancer cyst fluid CEA and colonic cancer CEA had similar immunochemical properties. Consistent with the findings in other neoplasms, follow-up studies showed that plasma CEA levels returned to the normal range between 2 and 12 weeks after surgical excision of the ovarian tumor. It is concluded that plasma CEA is of value in the management of patients with ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
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PMID:A study of cyst fluid and plasma carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with cystic ovarian neoplasms. 80 59

A study of 213 ovarian tumors was undertaken with respect to the published assumption that there may be a relationship between presence of crystals of silicate in the ovarian tissue and neoplastic transformation. The histological review gave the opportunity to classify these tumors according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. The frequency of histological types, age distribution and the site of involvement were determined. These data were compared to those in the literature. Our findings confirm the high incidence of serous tumors and bilaterality reported by others as well as the high risk of ovarian cancer in women in their fifties. A comparative study of the age distribution of cytadenomas was made. It suggests that cystadenomas might be considered as a precursor to the cystadenocarcinomas because of their appearance at younger age. A deliberate search for silicate crystals in periovarian adhesions and in tumor tissue showed a minimal incidence of crystalline material. This does not support a direct relationship between silicate crystals and ovarian tumors. However, it is suggested that neoplastic changes may occur in the ovarian surface as a result of adhesions engendered by deposition of silicate crystals.
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PMID:A ten year study of ovarian tumors. 80 20

Chromosome abberations in cells of 4 ovarian cancer patients have been studied prior to and during the treatment with ThioTEPA. ThioTEPA was injected intraperitoneally once a week in a dose of 40 mg. The amount of abberant cells prior to the therapy averaged 7.8%. 14 days following the treatment the amount of cells with chromosome abberations reached its peak (88.6%). By the 21st day of ThioTEPA treatment, when a total dose of the drug was 120 mg, the number of cells with abberations rapidly decreased, and by the 28-35th day of treatment there was a fall up to the initial values. ThioTEPA induced in tumor cells chiefly abberations of chromatoid type that evidenced the injury of cells in a phase G2 of the cellular cycle. A decrease in the number of chromosome abberations in tumor cells during the treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs is a morphological indication of the appearance of drug resistance.
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PMID:[Chromosomal aberrations induced by thio-TEPA in cells of malignant ovarian tumors in humans]. 81 12


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