Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Remarkable advances in the treatment of urologic malignancies have recently been made. Monoclonal antibodies selective for a variety of normal and malignant urologic tissues have been useful in defining normal antigens and tumor-associated antigens and have potential as diagnostic and immunotherapeutic agents. In renal cancer, monoclonal antibodies can define serum markers, radiolabel tumor xenografts, and assist in specific tissue diagnosis. Additionally, there is potential for these antibodies either alone or as conjugates to localize and kill tumors. Monoclonal antibodies to bladder cancer associated antigens are able to demonstrate differential antigen expression on superficial versus invasive tumors, to refine urinary cytologic diagnosis of bladder cancer, and to predict invasive recurrence of superficial cancer. Monoclonal antibodies have localized bladder tumor xenografts and can inhibit tumor growth when conjugated to radioisotopes or toxins. In prostate cancer monoclonal antibodies to prostate antigens are not usually tumor specific. Monoclonal antibodies to prostate antigen (PA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) are able to localize prostate cancer metastases. Chemotherapy-conjugated anti-PAP monoclonal antibodies have demonstrable inhibition on human prostate cancer xenografted tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies have defined normal and tumor-associated antigens in urologic cancers and are expected to be useful in immunodiagnosis and cancer therapy in the near future.
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PMID:Diagnostic and therapeutic utility of monoclonal antibodies in urologic oncology. 267 36

Coumarin, the parent compound of warfarin, has been observed to stimulate macrophages, increase phagocytosis, and induce changes in lymphocyte-mitogen responsiveness in cancer patients. Coumarin has been reported to have antitumor activity in human melanomas and renal cancer when used in conjunction with the H-2 antagonist, cimetidine. We have observed that coumarin has antiprostatic activity in rats. When coumarin was given to mature rats at a dose of 40 mg/kg, a significant decrease in the size of the prostate, seminal vesicles, and testes was observed. Testosterone levels were unchanged or slightly elevated, consistent with an antiandrogenic-like activity. Similarly, coumarin significantly inhibited the androgen-induced increase in prostatic size when administered to castrated rats receiving testosterone. Coumarin given to rats bearing the R-3327H androgen-sensitive, prostate-derived tumor decreased the size of the primary tumor. The effect was greater than that produced by castration. Coumarin is worthy of further consideration as an agent for use in controlling the normal and abnormal growth of the prostate.
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PMID:Effect of coumarin on the normal rat prostate and on the R-3327H prostatic adenocarcinoma. 272 Jun 65

The purpose of the study was to determine the value of macro- and microscopic signs of primary tumor that had the highest chance to contribute to metastatic growth in renal cancer patients within 3 years after nephrectomy. The study covered 92 cases of renal cancer, including 42 cases with, and 50 cases, without metastases by the time of surgery, autopsy or within 3 years after nephrectomy. Diagnostic coefficients were calculated for each sign by means of the consecutive Walde's analysis, and their respective values were estimated by Coulbaque's formula. The degree of malignancy was assessed on the basis of a combination of quantitative parameters of proliferative activity and cataplasia of the tumor. The degree of malignancy, tumor stage by the PTNM classification, size and growth pattern, renal vein involvement and the volume of necrotic foci were the most valuable predictors of metastatic growth.
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PMID:[Significance of morphologic signs of primary tumor for the prognosis of metastases of renal cell carcinoma]. 272 36

Extended surgery was divided into 4 types per below. (1) Extended local resection (1 case). Resection of descending colon and splenectomy were performed in a case with invading left renal cancer. The patient died of cancer in 9 months. Three other cases with locally invading renal cancer were inoperable because of multiple metastases or poor general condition. (2) Thrombectomy in vena cava inferior (6 cases). Successful thrombectomy was carried out in 5 of our 6 cases. All the cases died of metastases of cancer within 4 years. In the literature, long survival is reported after complete resection of thrombus. (3) Resection of distant metastases (11 cases). Palliative surgery was performed in 5 cases with symptomatic brain metastases. After radical resection of solitary metastases, 2 died of cancer, 2 are alive with cancer and the remaining 2 are alive with no evidence of disease (NED). (4) Surgery for contralateral kidney (4 cases). Partial nephrectomy or enucleation of tumor was undertaken in 3 cases (2 NED, 1 death). In the 4th case, as the tumor appeared to invade deeply in the renal parenchyma, ex vivo partial nephrectomy followed by autotransplantation was done (NED). The results indicate that the minimum requirement for radicality should be complete extirpation of the tumor mass and that the indication for radical extended surgery includes presumably resectable intracaval thrombus, solitary metastases and contralateral renal tumor.
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PMID:[Extended surgery of renal cell carcinoma--its significance and limitation]. 273 13

Metastasis is one of the great characteristics of malignant tumors. On the basis of our data, we reported here the immunotherapy for hematogenous metastasis. A randomized controlled study of preoperative transendoscopic intratumoral injection of BRM into gastro-intestinal cancer, which was performed in our Department, revealed a decreasing tendency of distant metastases in lymph node for the injection group, suggesting the disappearance of micro-metastasis due to the injection, namely, systemic immuno-enhancement due to the local effect, leading to diminution of hematogenous metastasis. Next, a mixture of natural human TNF-alpha (nHuTNF-alpha) and natural human IFn-alpha(nHuIFN-alpha), the so-called OH-1, was described. The results of a clinical study dealing with the antitumor effect on advanced and recurrent malignant tumors made it clear that all of the effective results (72 cases) such as CR and PR were obtained by an administration schedule with a maintenance dose of more than 200 X 10(4)U; rate of efficacy was 19.4% (4 cases of CR, 10 of PR and 4 of MR). By disease, breast cancer, renal cancer and liver cancer evidenced the most remarkable effects. Examination of the antitumor effect by metastatic organ revealed the effectiveness on hematogenous metastasic tumor of lung, bone and liver, though dependent upon underlying diseases. Finally, being based on our in vitro and in vivo results, we discussed the role of these immunotherapies for metastatic tumors.
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PMID:[The metastatic tumor and immunotherapy]. 273 24

The case is a 55-year old woman whose mother died of gastric cancer. In 1984 she underwent radiotherapy for cervical squamous cell carcinoma stage IIIb and had since been under the periodical observations. In 1987 she happened to undergo abdominal X-ray CT scans, and with an image of tumor mass revealed in the right kidney, she was admitted to our hospital. A clinical diagnosis of the right renal cancer was made, and radical nephrectomy was performed. Histological diagnosis was renal cell cancer pT2N0M0. This is the 7th reported case among the cases of double cancer of the cervix and the kidney in Japan. Multiple primary malignancies consist of these two cancers, and the renal carcinoma as an incidental finding with image procedure were discussed.
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PMID:[A case report of renal cancer detected unexpectedly by X-ray CT during observations in the clinical course of cervical carcinoma]. 274 2

The association between meningioma and a primary malignant neoplasm at another site was studied. The data from the population-based Norwegian Cancer Registry were analysed according to whether the meningioma occurred before or after the malignant neoplasm. Male patients with meningioma showed a raised risk for developing a subsequent renal cancer. A significant association was found between meningioma and subsequent breast cancer in females 50-64 years old at time of meningioma diagnosis and between breast cancer and subsequent occurrence of meningioma. Breast cancer patients with symptoms of an intracranial neoplasm may therefore have a potentially curable meningioma and female meningioma patients over 50 years should be considered for breast cancer screening programmes.
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PMID:Neoplasms of the central nervous system in Norway. V. Meningioma and cancer of other sites. An analysis of the occurrence of multiple primary neoplasms in meningioma patients in Norway from 1955 through 1986. 276 76

High-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2) with or without lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells has been reported to have activity in certain solid tumors, but toxicity has usually required hospitalization for administration. The purpose of this trial was to determine the antineoplastic effect and toxicity of IL-2 administered at a lower dose in an outpatient setting. Eligibility criteria included measurable disease, Karnofsky performance greater than or equal to 70%, age greater than 18 years, and adequate bone marrow, renal, and hepatic function. The median age of 35 patients was 56 years (range, 20 to 75). Diagnoses included malignant lymphoma (ML), (nine patients), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (eight), melanoma (eight), colorectal cancer (six), renal cancer (two), and breast cancer (two). The initial 18 patients were treated with 1 mg/m2 (3 x 10(6) U/m2 intravenous [IV] bolus) for five days every other week for a total of 4 treatment weeks (8 weeks total). The subsequent 17 patients were treated with 0.5 mg/m2 (1.5 x 10(6) U/m2). All patients were evaluable for toxicity, and 26 for tumor response. Toxicities included fatigue (71%), nausea (69%), hypotension (54%), fever (51%), chills (40%), weight gain (37%), pruritus or rash (31%), dyspnea (14%), azotemia (6%), confusion (6%), thrombocytopenia (6%), and myocardial infarction (3%). Four patients died from apparently unrelated causes within the first 2 weeks of treatment. Treatment was discontinued before the completion of 8 weeks of treatment because of progressive disease (12 patients), severe hypotension (three), azotemia (one), myocardial infarction (one), early death (four), and miscellaneous causes (two). IL-2 at 1 mg/m2 IV for five days is associated with moderate toxicity, but a dose of 0.5 mg/m2 is tolerable for outpatient administration. Three partial responses (PR) and one minor response (MR) lasting 1 to 17+ months have been observed in 12 patients with ML and CLL evaluable for response. One additional MR was observed in a patient with melanoma. IL-2 deserves further study in patients with ML and CLL.
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PMID:Phase II trial of outpatient interleukin-2 in malignant lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and selected solid tumors. 278 39

With a view to increasing drug incorporation without loss of antibody activity, tritium-labeled methotrexate (MTX) was covalently linked to a polyclonal rabbit IgG antibody against bovine serum albumin and a monoclonal mouse IgG antibody against human renal cancer (Dal K20) by a site-specific method based on hydrazone bond formation between MTX hydrazide and the aldehyde groups generated by periodate oxidation of carbohydrate moieties in IgG (which are uncommon in the antigen-binding region). These conjugates were compared with the corresponding non-site-specific MTX-IgG conjugates produced by the N-hydroxysuccinimide active-ester method with regard to synthesis, stability, retention of antibody activity, inhibition of the target enzyme dihydrofolate reductase and antitumor effect. Incorporation levels achieved with the hydrazide method were no greater than with the active-ester method, typically 6-7 mol MTX/mol IgG. Approximately the same dihydrofolate-reductase-inhibitory capacity was observed for MTX bound by either method. Hydrazide conjugates lost bound drug more rapidly than active-ester conjugates on freezing and thawing, on incubation at 37 degrees C and 51 degrees C, and in the presence of serum or rat liver homogenates. Exposure to rat liver homogenates at 37 degrees C, pH 4.6, for 24 h led to the loss of 50%-60% of the bound drug from hydrazide conjugates compared to 20%-30% from the active ester conjugates. Bio-Gel P-2 chromatography of low-molecular-mass fractions, obtained after exposure of each of the conjugates to liver homogenates, revealed the presence of a compound that had the same elution volume and RF on thin-layer chromatography as free MTX. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed loss of antibody activity of both types of conjugates at 51 degrees C and on freezing and thawing. In a clonogenic assay, the active-ester conjugate of Dal K20 appeared to be equally effective or slightly better as a tumor inhibitor than the corresponding hydrazide conjugate. The hydrazide method may be useful in linking MTX to those monoclonal antibodies that tend to denature when subjected to the active-ester method of linkage.
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PMID:Synthesis of site-specific methotrexate-IgG conjugates. Comparison of stability and antitumor activity with active-ester-based conjugates. 278 96

Serum concentration of laminin was measured radioimmunologically in 19 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 71 normal controls. The serum laminin levels of renal cell carcinoma patients were significantly higher than those of normal controls. After nephrectomy the elevated serum levels of laminin showed marked decreases in most of the patients without metastasis. By the immunofluorescent technique with LAM-1, a monoclonal antibody which is specific to laminin A and B chains , strong fluorescence was found in the extracellular matrix in renal cancer tissue. Taken all these facts together, renal cell carcinoma may be a laminin synthetic tumor. The average serum laminin level of the patients with a disseminated disease were significantly higher than that of the patients with a localized disease. The elevated serum level of laminin may play an important role in the process of tumor metastasis. Furthermore, our data suggest that elevated laminin levels may predict the subsequent course of a tumor condition. The monitoring of serum laminin level may be valuable for following-up of the course of renal cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[Serum concentration of laminin in renal cell carcinoma]. 279 5


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