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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A limiting factor in the use of T-cell therapy for cancer has always been the ability to expand T-cells, whether derived from the peripheral blood, spleen or tumor. The availability of r-IL-2 has confirmed the feasibility of expanding T-cells and LAK cells for clinical trials after confirmation of their anti-tumor activity in murine models. While the most promising results using IL-2/LAK cells have been in patients with melanomas and renal cancer, anti-tumor effects have been seen in patients with a wide variety of cancers, even those with bulky tumors. This form of adoptive cellular biotherapy has confirmed that an expanded and activated cell population using the cancer research laboratory can provide a method by which clinicians can effectively treat advanced cancer. In tumor biopsies, the infiltrating lymphocytes have been recognised and are known to be cytolytically active for many years. Using IL-2 stimulation of growth and an ongoing antigen stimulation (tumor cells), we have maintained selective killing of tumor cells. Accessing cells and various factors in the medium which support and enhance T-cell growth and activation are being defined. The role of antigen stimulation is also basic to further progress with this technology. Tumor cell chunks and cultures, nude mouse xenografts, or purified antigen all represent potential sources of repeated antigen stimulation. Thus, the components are now available to develop a broad attack on advanced cancer using this laboratory-based technology of tumor-derived activated cell (TDAC) stimulation, expansion and therapy. These approaches and preliminary results point to the dramatic change in technology which has allowed the cancer research laboratory to be a substantial component in new clinical approaches to cancer treatment. Laboratory scientists have become a major component in the design and conduct of clinical trials using adoptive biotherapy. These techniques are laboratory based and it is only with close and effective communication between the laboratory scientists and the clinician that rapid and effective translation of these technologies to the patient will occur (20).
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PMID:IL-2: a review of current knowledge. 247 52

An autopsied case of an esophageal cancer metastasizing to a primary hepatocellular carcinoma is reported. Histologically, the esophageal cancer revealed a moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma was determined as being an Edmondson Type I, arranged predominantly in a trabecular pattern, and was not concomitant with liver cirrhosis. Metastasis of one malignant tumor to another in the same individual is extremely rare. In most cases, such tumors metastasize to a renal cancer, because the kidney has a rich vascularity with an abundant blood supply. Thus we presumed that the esophageal cancer had metastasized to a hepatocellular carcinoma, due to this rich vascularity, though no liver cirrhosis was found in the recipient host tumor.
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PMID:[An autopsied case of esophageal cancer metastasizing to primary hepatocellular carcinoma]. 254 Dec 70

The binding of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to cell membranes was determined in 14 renal cancers and in 13 normal kidney tissues adjacent to the tumors. The soluble 34K IGF binding protein (34K IGF-BP) content and the phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity in renal cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue were also determined. The specific EGF receptor binding in renal cancers was 12.7 +/- 2.5% (mean +/- SEM) as compared to 2.6 +/- 0.2% (mean +/- SEM) in normal tissues (p less than 0.01). Phosphotyrosyl-protein phosphatase activity in renal cancer tissue was less than half of that observed in normal renal tissue (p less than 0.01). The highest IGF-I binding was observed in 5 renal cancers although no consistent differences between IGF-I binding to tumor and normal tissues were observed. Both EGF and IGF binding to kidney tissue were higher than binding to gastro-intestinal tissue irrespective of whether normal or malignant tissues were compared. All normal kidney tissues and 7 of 8 kidney tumors contained measurable amounts of 34K IGF-BP as determined by RIA and the cross-linking technique. In 2 tumor tissue samples the 34K IGF-BP content was increased 8- and 15-fold over that seen in adjacent normal kidney tissue, whereas in the 6 other renal cancers the 34K IGF-BP was similar to that observed in normal kidney tissue.
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PMID:Binding of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth-factor I in renal carcinoma and adjacent normal kidney tissue. 254 41

We examined Southern blot analyses of normal and tumor DNAs from 50 patients with sporadic renal cancer, using the human L-myc oncogene fragment as a hybridization probe. Our purpose was to study the relationship between the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the L-myc and the frequencies of metastases. There was no individual difference in patterns of L-myc RFLP between normal and tumor-tissue DNAs digested with EcoRI. The patients were classified into 3 genetic types according to the polymorphic patterns defined by the 2 alleles [10-kilobase (kb) and 6.6-kb fragments]. The relative ratios of the 3 genotypes in the renal cancer patients were similar to those seen in healthy Japanese. However, of 16 patients who exhibited distant organ metastases at the time of surgery, only one was a 10-kb fragment homozygote. The incidence of distant metastases in 10-kb homozygotes was significantly lower than that in 6.6-kb homozygotes plus heterozygotes (p = 0.06). These results basically correspond to the previous findings in the lung cancer patients, and suggest that L-myc RFLP is a widely applicable genetic marker to predict prognosis in cancer patients.
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PMID:Restriction fragment length polymorphism of the L-myc gene and susceptibility to metastasis in renal cancer patients. 256 78

Six distinct cell surface antigens of human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma were defined with MAbs. The distribution of the antigens was determined by MHA assays on 150 tumor cell lines and normal cell cultures and by immunofluorescence tests with a wide range of normal adult and fetal tissues and a tumor panel. Antigen LK26 is expressed on all cultured choriocarcinoma, teratocarcinoma and renal cancer lines but is absent from most cell lines derived from other tumor types and from cultures of normal kidney epithelium and fibroblasts. LK26 expression in normal tissues is restricted to the trophoblast. No other adult or fetal tissue was found to express the antigen, but choriocarcinoma and teratocarcinoma tissues were LK26+. SV19 is expressed on cultured choriocarcinomas and teratocarcinomas and on subsets of breast and colon cancer lines, but not on 120 additional cultures tested. In tissues, SV19 is detected in normal placenta, mammary gland and colon epithelium as well as in tumors of breast, colon and lung. Two antibodies, AbSV63 and AbK8, react with PLAP and AbSV63 also reacts with the intestinal form of the enzyme. AbLK24 defines a heat-stable determinant present on choriocarcinoma and breast cancer cell lines but absent from most other cultured cells. It is expressed on a small range of normal and malignant epithelial tissues, including normal trophoblast, normal breast epithelium and urothelium and tumors derived from these tissues. One antigen, K66, showed a wide distribution on cultured epithelial cells but was not found in any normal or malignant tissue. Finally, S4, a previously described marker of normal and malignant kidney epithelial cells, was also expressed on the choriocarcinoma cell lines. Four of the antigens are glycoproteins that could be immunoprecipitated from radiolabelled extracts of choriocarcinoma cells: LK26 (Mr 35,000), SV19 (Mr 40,000), PLAP (Mr 68,000) and S4 (Mr 160,000). The highly restricted distribution of LK26, SV19, S4, and PLAP in normal tissues and their expression in tumors make these antigens potential diagnostic markers of gestational choriocarcinoma and germ-cell tumors and, possibly, targets for immunotherapy.
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PMID:Cell surface antigens of human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma defined by monoclonal antibodies. 258 Aug

Statistical observation on inpatients and operations at our department between January 1984 and December 1988 revealed the following results: 1) The total number of inpatients was 1962 (male: 1658, female: 304). The most frequent diseases were bladder cancer (30.0%), benign prostatic hypertrophy (19.2%), prostatic cancer (10.6%) and renal cancer (6.7%). 2) The total number of operations was 1699. The most frequent operations were transurethral resection (TUR) of bladder tumor (22.8%), TUR prostate (20.7%), TUR biopsy (6.5%) and total cystectomy (5.4%).
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PMID:[Clinical statistics on inpatients and operations at the Department of Urology, the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, 1984-1988]. 261 13

rTNF was administered to 28 patients with advanced metastatic cancers by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The dose levels were 30, 40, 70, 110, 180 and 290 micrograms/M2/day. Groups of 3 patients were started at each successive dose level and then on subsequent courses treated with the next dose level through 4 escalations as tolerated. Tumor types were: colon cancer 14; adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, 2; renal cancer, 2; leiomyosarcoma, 2; lung cancer, 1; prostate cancer, 1; thymona, 1; bladder cancer; 1; parotid, 1; Kaposi's sarcoma 2; ovarian 1. Toxicities included fever and chills (usually within the first 8 hours of infusion), fatigue, headache, decreased performance status, hypotension and CNS. All patients experienced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia within 24 hours or less after start of infusion with return of baseline by 72 hours after rTNF was stopped. The fall in these counts averaged 50% and was not dose related. No major changes in liver or renal function, coagulation or blood lipids were seen. Major dose limiting toxicities were fatigue, confusion, thrombocytopenia, seizures, hypotension and decreased performance status. NK cell activity measured against K562 target cells was augmented from about 30% target cell lysis to about 70% target cell lysis over the first 7 days of treatment. Two patients, both with metastatic colon cancer showed transient, objective tumor regression which did not qualify as a partial response. One patient with ovarian cancer had a stable partial response but progressed after 13 courses of treatment. Continuous infusion of TNF can be safely administered to patients with a maximum tolerated dose of only between 30 and 40 micrograms/M2/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) administered by continuous intravenous infusion in patients with disseminated malignancy. 264 24

127 fine-needle aspiration biopsies obtained under ultrasonographic control from circumscribed kidney lesions of 102 patients (with histologically examined lesions) were selected from a total of 867 fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed in the years between 1978 and 1986. The result of the cytological examination was compared with the histological diagnosis of the lesion. A correct diagnosis of the nature of the lesion (concerning dignity) was achieved in 90.2% of the cases under optimal circumstances. No mistakenly positive diagnosis was made. A total of 88% of the histologically malignant tumors or 80.2% of the kidney cancers were correctly diagnosed already on the basis of the cytological examination. The fine-needle aspiration can be repeated when the obtained material is insufficient: A kidney cancer was diagnosed in this way 13 times among 22 patients. The cytological examination permitted a more precise tumor-type differentiation in the large majority of cases. These results demonstrate the value of this diagnostic tool that carries only an irrelevant risk.
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PMID:[The value of fine-needle biopsy under ultrasonic control in the diagnosis of kidney tumors]. 264 31

In urologic surgery, laser energy has been used to treat various cancers of the genitourinary system. Excellent functional and cosmetic results have been obtained with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. In selected patients, the need for partial penectomy may be avoided. Demonstrated practical advantages and decreased patient morbidity form the basis for laser treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Therapeutic advantages over electrocautery resection are theoretical. Nd:YAG laser treatment can provide reasonable local control rates for tumors that invade the bladder muscle, but this treatment should be reserved for patients who are poor candidates for radical surgery. For kidney cancer, lasers may facilitate tumor removal in solitary kidneys and extend the margin of resection.
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PMID:Laser treatment of urologic cancers. 265 46

A retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma in a 50-year-old man is reported. A laparotomy was performed on Dec. 17, 1987 and the tumor, weighing 120 g, was completely excised. The patient was followed up and has stayed healthy (1 year after operation). Although CT ultrasonography and arteriography are helpful in the diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumors, it is felt that a histological examination is indispensable for a qualitative assessment of the lesion. Surgical excision constitutes the fundamental treatment for a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. However, the prognosis is usually poor and depends on successful radical surgery. This case involved non-concurrent double cancers with a retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma and a kidney cancer.
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PMID:[A retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma--a case of non-concurrent double cancers with kidney cancer]. 267 32


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