Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study examined the pattern of presentation and diagnostic interval, i.e. number of months between first cancer symptom or sign and first medical visit, in 444 cases of urological cancer (122 of prostate cancer, 187 of bladder cancer and 135 of kidney cancer). The mean diagnostic interval was 7.6 months for prostate, 5.6 for bladder and 4.5 kidney cancer. A chance diagnosis, i.e. in absence of any symptom or sign, was reported by 16%, 8% and 18% of patients with cancer of the prostate, bladder and kidney respectively. We observed on significant differences in diagnostic intervals according to patients' demographic, sociocultural, and life-style characteristics, or tumor stage. Better quantitative and qualitative data on the pattern and determinants of delay in cancer diagnosis are clearly warranted, and the present study, although largely negative, shows the possibility of using large-scale epidemiological investigations for this purpose.
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PMID:Pattern and determinants of diagnostic interval in cancers of the prostate, bladder and kidney. 174 59

The effects of electromagnetically generated high-energy shock waves (HESW, Siemens Lithostar) on the phosphate metabolite levels of the NU-1 human kidney cancer xenograft implanted under the skin of the hind limb of nude mice were monitored by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Administration of 200 and 800 HESW (18.1 kV, P(+) = 37.5 MPa, P(-) = 5.2 MPa, tr = 30-120 nsec, tw = 340 nsec, freq. = 1.25 Hz), focused on the tumor centre, resulted in an immediate tumor decline; 2 h after exposure to the HESW, the high-energy phosphate resonances had decreased drastically. This decline in energy rich molecules was accompanied by a concomitant increase in the inorganic phosphate resonance and a decrease in pH of the tumor. During the following period, a dose-time dependent recovery of the original high-energy phosphate resonance intensities was observed. These changes are qualitatively similar to those produced by ischemic inhibition of energy metabolism and are correlated with early histological features like vascular disruption, stasis within capillaries, and focal thrombosis. These results demonstrate that experimental HESW treatment of the NU-1 kidney tumor is effective in provoking a temporary reduction of both high-energy phosphate metabolism and tissue pH of the tumor. The data presented here strongly suggest that these effects are predominantly indirect by affecting tumor vascularity. Overall, this study shows that MRS is a powerful technique for longitudinal investigations of HESW-induced effects and can provide information about its mode of action.
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PMID:Early metabolic response to high energy shock waves in a human tumor kidney xenograft monitored by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. 180 97

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine, with a wide range of biological effects. The diverse biological actions of IL-6 could play important roles in the enhancement or suppression of tumor growth and development. IL-6 has been seen to act as an autocrine and/or paracrine growth factor for various human tumors, including multiple myeloma, renal cancer, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. However, IL-6 also can exert potent anti-tumor effects: administration of IL-6 has been seen to result in decreased tumor appearance in experimental animal systems. Therefore, potentially useful anti-tumor therapeutic strategies could include the inhibition of the activity of IL-6, or alternatively, the enhancement of anti-tumor responses by the administration of exogenous IL-6.
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PMID:Interleukin 6 and cancer treatment. 181 Apr 43

We have studied the mechanism of the synergistic effect of the combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on cell cycle progression using two-parameter flow cytometry in vitro and an immunohistochemical staining method in vivo. The cells used were human colon cancer cell line RPMI 4788 in vitro and in vivo, and human breast cancer cell line MX-1 and human renal cancer cell line NAMKO-1 in vivo. In the in vitro experiment, the cell cycle progressed normally as time elapsed in the control group. However, in the group treated with TNF-alpha and IFN-alpha in combination (combination group), it appeared that the transition from the S phase to the G2/M phase was blocked, and the cells that accumulated in the S phase died. In the in vivo experiment with male nude mice of a CD-1 genetic background, the antitumor effect on all three kinds of cancer cells was significantly greater in the combination group than in the control group. The cell labeling index on staining with bromodeoxyuridine in the combination group became markedly larger and the mitotic index smaller than in the other groups. From these results, it was concluded that in the combination group, both in vitro and in vivo, tumor cells markedly accumulated in the S phase and their progression from the S phase to the G2/M phase in the cell cycle was inhibited.
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PMID:Mechanism of the combined antitumor effect of natural human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and natural human interferon-alpha on cell cycle progression. 182 50

IL-2 is a lymphokine which as variety of in vivo immunomodulatory effects. The administration of IL-2 can mediate enhancement of cellular immune response, induction of lymphocyte proliferation and production of cytokines. The availability of large quantities of recombinant IL-2 has enabled investigator to examine its therapeutic potential, with of without lymphokine-activated killer cell, in the treatment of metastatic renal cancer. Several studies have documented the ability of IL-2 administration to cause durable tumor regression in a good percentage of patients. Otherwise there were a number of problems which had to be resolved. First, the high-dose bolus or low-dose continuous infusion? Indeed, administration by the intravenous or subcutaneous routes? Last but non least, what is the place of lymphokine-activated Killer cells? Toxicity of therapy is dose related and is mediated by a vascular capillary leak syndrome, lymphocytic infiltration and the release of cytokines secreted in response to IL-2 administration. The side effects are completely reversible upon cessation of therapy. The patients undoubtedly require much more careful monitoring than with standard oncological treatments but rapid recovery of the preexisting conditions before therapy suspension must certainly be stressed.
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PMID:[Interleukin immunotherapy of progression]. 183 Jun 70

Recent papers dealing with the effect of biologic response modifiers on the therapeutic activity of anticancer drugs are reviewed. Preclinical findings indicate that both interferons and tumor necrosis factor-alpha are able to synergize with different cytotoxic drugs in increasing both tumor cytotoxicity or cytostasis in vitro and the therapeutic effect in animal models in vivo. The mechanism of such a synergy, however, has not been definitively worked out. Several clinical phase I and II trials have assessed the interactions of biologic response modifiers (mainly interferons and interleukin-2) with anticancer drugs, particularly in melanoma and renal cancer patients. Evidence of a therapeutic synergism is limited with most of the studies, indicating a lack of synergic or additive effects of the combination compared with single agents. Few phase III studies provided conflicting results. It is concluded that further studies on the combination of biologic response modifiers and chemotherapy both at preclinical and clinical levels are necessary to establish the possible synergistic or additive therapeutic effect of such a therapeutic approach.
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PMID:Biologic agents as modifiers of chemotherapeutic effects. 184 10

A long survival case of small cell lung cancer synchronized with renal cancer was reported. The patient was a 73-year-old male, complaining of cough and fever up. The chest roentgenogram showed a tumor mass in the right lower lung field. The specimen obtained from transbronchial lung biopsy of right S8b was diagnosed as small cell carcinoma of lung. In the check of the metastasis to other organs, abdominal CT scanning and the echogram demonstrated a solitary mass in the left kidney. We supposed a possibility of primary renal cancer rather than the metastasis from the lung because of being solitary mass, no existence of the metastasis except the kidney, and from the finding of the renal angiography. The patient underwent left nephrectomy for the renal cancer, and also underwent right lower lobectomy for the lung cancer after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy using cisplatinum and carboquone. Pathologically, the renal lesion was diagnosed as typical clear cell carcinoma of the kidney. He has survived for more than 4 years.
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PMID:[A long survival case of small cell lung cancer synchronized with renal cancer]. 185 Apr 90

The authors report the case of a 20 year old patient in whom the clinical findings combined with the radiological signs, suggested the diagnosis of renal cancer. The histological findings after nephrectomy established the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. This disease may rarely give the appearance of a renal tumor. This points out the importance of identifying this lesion in preoperative staging to avoid carcinologic surgery and all of its difficulties.
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PMID:[Pseudo-tumoral xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Apropos of a case]. 186 67

A Phase I trial of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in vitro and administered on Days 1 and 8, with or without continuous infusion recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) in 25 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, was conducted. Eighteen of the 25 eligible patients were treated with TIL and escalating doses of rIL-2 (0.0, 3.0, 4.5 x 10(6) units/m2) on Days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12. Dose-limiting toxicity was pulmonary, and the maximum tolerated dose of rIL-2 was 3.0 x 10(6) units/m2. No clinical responses were observed. Immunological monitoring of peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated significant increases in CD3+ and CD56+ cells, including the activated T-cell subsets. Phenotypic analysis of cultured TILs demonstrated significant heterogeneity and the presence of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T-cells, with CD3-CD56+ and CD3+CD56+ populations also present. The majority of cultured TILs expressed HLA-DR and CD45RO, with a variable number expressing CD25. The rIL-2-expanded TILs possessed cytotoxicity against allogeneic and autologous tumor, with cytolytic activity against only autologous tumor seen in one patient. Results demonstrate that in vitro expansion of TILs is possible, but further studies are needed to define the biology of TILs in renal cancer and to isolate and expand tumor-specific T-cells.
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PMID:Clinical results and characterization of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with or without recombinant interleukin 2 in human metastatic renal cell carcinoma. 186 41

Interleukin-2 (IL2), as a modifier of the biological response, has been intravenously used in patients with advanced cancer associated or not to LAK cells or tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. In different neoplasias positive results have been obtained, being effective in melanoma and renal cancer. There are still, at present, many questions to be answered and multiple research lines are currently open. The association with other cytokines and new chemotherapy protocols grant new therapeutic possibilities.
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PMID:[Interleukin-2 and adoptive immunotherapy: their biological aspects and clinical application in oncology]. 189 96


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