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 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this presentation is to point out the importance of this new diagnosis and treatment method, recently incorporated. The studies were done with the Fibroscope F9-A with doble channel, equipped with an desection smear for polipectomies and an extracting forceps. The patients arrive with their intestine perfectly cleaned with classical methods. This detail is most important for the polipectomies. If the local conditions aren't the desired, presence of bowels or barium of an previous enema, we postpone both, examination and polipectomy, because those are causes of false diagnosis in the first case or eventual accidents in the second condition. Regarding this, we had an performing doing a biopsy in an stenosing neoplasm of the sigmoid colon. We believe it convenient to prevent this complication, to reduce the air pressure before performing the biopsy. Of the 160 patients examinated, 54 had no patology, 32 had polips and of this group 4 had multiple poliposis, 4 had association with diverticulosis and 3 associated with neoplasm. (4 were neoplasm, 10 stenosis without mucous lesions, 1 villous adenoma, 1 megacolon and 1 rectitis). We made 12 polipectomies, 10 with the conventional technique and 2 associated with surgery. We had no accidents and one of them was an early stage of colon cancer.
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PMID:[Personal experience in colonoscopy and polypectomy]. 74 24

Epidemiological data indicate that colon cancer incidence is associated mainly with high dietary fat intake. Studies in metabolic epidemiology have shown a strong association between dietary fat intake, level of fecal bacteria, fecal acid, and neutral sterols, and the risk of colon cancer among different populations. Current concepts visualize that colonic bile acids and cholesterol metabolities play a modifying role in large bowel carcinogenesis, and that these compounds are derived from dietary factors, directly or indirectly, and subsequently are modified by the intestinal bacteria. In animal models, lithocholic acid and dexycholic acid, which are present in high concentration in the large bowel of man, acted as promoters of colon carcinogenesis. The carcinogenic effect of azoxymethane in rats was enhanced by the increase of bile salts in the colon induced by surgical means. Animals fed a high fat diet were more susceptable to colon tumor induction by dimethylhydrazine compared with rats fed a normal diet. Our data also demonstrate that the intestinal microflora played a modifying role in accelerating colon tumor production by dimethylhydrazine.
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PMID:Role of bile metabolites in colon carcinogenesis. Animal models. 76 59

Despite nonspecificity for the diagnosis of colon cancer, the assays for CEA widely studied to date may be useful in the management of patients with colorectal cancer by aiding detection of colonic cancer and especially of widespread metastases to the liver. Use of serial quantitative measurements may also be useful in determining persistence of residual or metastatic tumor after apparently complete surgical resection, in enabling detection of recurrence at an earlier stage than may be otherwise possible, and in helping to evaluate the effects of chemotherapy, provided that the assays are used only in context with complete clinical and laboratory findings, including cancer staging, histopathologic findings, assessment of liver status, and with appreciation of methodologic complexities. Both the further investigation of the clinical use of CEA and the intensified search for more specific markers are encouraged by the findings to date.
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PMID:The present status of DEA in diagnosis, prognosis, and evaluation of therapy. 76 63

A triple-bridge, indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for demonstrating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in frozen, ethanol-fixed or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens was evaluated. Examination of 359 tissue specimens--234 malignant tumors, 37 benign neoplasms, 41 nonneoplastic diseased tissues, and 47 normal specimens--showed that CEA could usually be demonstrated in a group of cancers. We could detect CEA in carcinomas of the stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, lung, and cervix. However, malignant tumors of the breast, prostate, kidney, larynx, brain, lymphoreticular system, soft tissues, and skin proved negative for CEA by the immunoperoxidase test. CEA could be detected in ethanol- or formalin-fixed sections. The only nonmalignant specimens showing CEA staining were a few benign tumors, the mucosae of some cases of colitis, and the resection margins of 2 cases of colon cancer; however, these were commonly very weak reactions. Measurement of tumor CEA content by radioimmunoassay revealed two causes for this relative specificity of the immunoperoxidase test for CEA:1) a quantitative difference existed in tissue CEA among the various specimens, and 2) the threshold for CEA staining in malignant specimens was usually above that in nonmalignant specimens. An analysis of the formalin-paraffin-treated sections showed that immunoperoxidase-tested CEA positivity reflected CEA levels in tissue of at least 3.0-5.0 mug/g; this permitted retrospective estimates of minimal tissue CEA concentrations in older histopathologic specimens by the immunoperoxidase reaction method. Formalin-paraffin-treated sections as old as 10 years still had demonstrable CEA. Although tumor CEA concentration correlated well with immunoperoxidase staining for CEA, plasma CEA titer did not necessarily reflect tumor CEA content. CEA positivity in primary and secondary tumors was strongly correlated; it was less strongly correlated with level of tumor differentiation.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen in histopathology: immunoperoxidase staining of conventional tissue sections. 79 93

A study to determine the frequency of metastases to the adrenal glands following carcinoma of the colon and rectum was undertaken. Patients with, or without, adrenal spread were compared regarding age, sex, race and survival time. The over-all metastatic pattern was analyzed to determine its usefulness for predicting the presence of metastases to the adrenal glands. Autopsy reports and clinical records of patients with adrenal spread were reviewed regarding the extent of tumor involvement in the glands and possible adrenal insufficiency. Of 457 patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum who underwent autopsy, 63 or 14% had metastasis to the adrenal glands. Of these, 29 had bilateral involvement. Patients with bilateral metastases had a lower median age than did those without adrenal spread. No correlation was found between adrenal metastatic status and sex or race. Although survival time was found to be shorter for patients with bilateral metastases of the adrenal glands, adrenal insufficiency did not seem to be the reason for this shorter survival time. In retrospect, however, the presence of adrenal insufficiency could not be ruled out in several of these patients. Eight sites were studied with regard to whether or not metastatic involvement in a specific site might indicate a higher risk for simultaneous metastases to the adrenal glands. It was found for all sites that, when involved, there was a higher frequency of metastases to the adrenals than if free of tumor. Metastases especially above the diaphragm indicated a considerable risk for adrenal involvement. Different sites were combined in groups and studied in the same way. It was found that the more sites involved, the higher the relative chance of metastases to the adrenals. It was suggested that the results presented may be useful in predicting the relative chance of adrenal metastases in patients with advanced carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
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PMID:Ths significance of metastases to the adrenal glands in adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. 84 9

Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with carcinoma of the colon and 16 patients with benign lesions of the colon and rectum underwent skin tests with 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene and a battery of intradermal antigens. The incidence of 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene reactors decreased with the increasing stage of the disease. Seventy-six per cent of the patients with Dukes' A cancer were 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive compared with 56 per cent of those with Dukes' B cancer and 61 per cent of those with Dukes' C lesions. Of the patients with advanced primary operable cancer, those who have metastases beyond the intestine and its mesentery, only 46 per cent were 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive. Only 42 per cent of the patients with inoperable advanced or recurrent disease reacted to 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene. Neither age nor sex was a determinate factor in the capacity of the patient to respond to 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene. Tumor burden appeared to correlate best with the ability of the patient to respond to 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene. In patients with Dukes' A or B lesions, the clinical follow-up period was too short to gauge prognostic significance of skin tests. In patients with Dukes' C lesions who were observed at 12 months, six of 11 in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene negative group had a recurrence or died of disease compared with only four of 17 in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive group, p less than 0.10. In 38 patients with advanced primary operable cancer who were observed for nine months, 40 per cared iwth 28 per cent of 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive group. A similar relationship was observed in a group of patients with advanced or recurrent disease who were observed for nine months in which 58 per cent of the patients in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene negative group were dead of disease compared with 40 per cent of those in the 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene positive group. Skin testing with 2-4, dinitrochlorobenzene and selected intradermal antigens adds prognostic information to that predicted from the clinicopathologic stage of the disease in instances of carcinoma of the colon and rectum. In general, patients with reactive skin tests have more favorable recurrence and survival rates with each stage of the disease.
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PMID:Delayed hypersensitivity reactions in patients with carcinoma of the colon and rectum. 85 Aug 50

The effect of surgical resection of "primary" tumors classified by size at the time of resection has been studied in two tumor cell lines derived from dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasms in the Buffalo strain rat. Surgical treatment of colon cancer in the rat yields results similar to those for human carcinoma. Some of the smallest tumors resected were associated with metastases and this finding suggests a need for effective postoperative adjuvant therapy. The incidence of metastases and the size of the tumor were inveresely related to survival, e.g., the smaller the tumor or the sooner the excision, the greater the survival of the animal. The operated animal model studied here could prove to be very useful for evaluating various forms of systemic therapy for the control of micrometastases associated with colonic neoplasms.
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PMID:The effect of surgical resection of experimental "primary" adenocarcinoma of the colon of survival and incidence of metastases. 90 66

To seek explanations for the geographic variation of breast cancer across the continental United States, we calculated the correlations between mortality rates for premenopausal and postmenopausal women and demographic data for the 3,056 U.S. counties. The northern predominance of this tumor was primarily among postmenopausal women, whereas mortality among premenopausal women was distributed almost uniformly across the country. Socioeconomic status (particularly income), German ethnicity, and colon cancer mortality were strong indicators of the rates for postmenopausal women, but only partly explained the northern excess and latitudinal gradient. In contrast, fertility patterns and ovarian cancer mortality were more closely linked to breast cancer among premenopausal women. The geographic peculiarities of this tumor in older women suggest extrinsic risk factors that remain to be identified, whereas the patterns for younger women point to the primary role of reproductive and genetic determinants.
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PMID:Geographic patterns of breast cancer in the United States. 90

The aim of this survey has been to stress the need of a uniform classification of tumor spread. This requires a standard procedure for processing the surgical specimens. An international standardization would permit a more objective comparison of the results of treatment and survival of carcinoma of the colon and rectum in different clinics.
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PMID:A critical reappraisal of Dukes' classification. 91 Feb 10

Hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) and its Gardner's syndrome variant, an autosomal dominant trait, indicate a propensity for neoplasia. The present study describes the growth abnormalities of cultured human skin fibroblasts derived from normal-appearing cutaneous biopsies of ACR genotypes and a portion of the clinically asymptomatic ACR progeny, first filial generation, and their differential susceptibility to transformation by Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. These skin fibroblasts, but not cells derived from unaffected individuals, showed lack of contact inhibition, decreased serum requirement for growth, elevated levels of plasminogen activator, and alterations in the intracellular distribution of actin cables; they did not, however, grow in the absence of anchorage, nor did they form palpable tumors in congenitally athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice, and they were normal with regard to cholesterol feedback regulation. Skin fibroblasts from ACR subjects were 100- to 1000-fold more susceptible to transformation by the Kirsten murine sarcoma virus than were normal cells. The virally transformed skin fibroblasts were anchorage-independent and formed tumors in athymic mice. These growth abnormalities represent steps in the changing phenotypic expression of cells undergoing neoplastic transformation. Identification of abnormal expressions associated with oncogenesis may facilitate their use as diagnostic indices for the detection of latent forms of colon cancer in man.
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PMID:Phenotypic markers in human skin fibroblasts as possible diagnostic indices of hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum. 92 93


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