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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The evaluation of total orchiectomy tissue specimens with malignant testicular tumors shows that microcalcifications can be found in a surprisingly high percentage by radiological and histological examinations. Small, often in several groups located calcifications in the parenchyma neighbouring the tumor are typical for seminoma, whereas in teratoma solitary microcalcifications and polymorphic types can also be seen. Microcalcifications are also present in not neoplastic testicular diseases but in a much smaller percentage and with a different type of calcification. The preoperative radiographic examination of testicular tumors of unknown origin seems to be indicated as a non-invasive method able to provide further information about the presence of a malignant germ cell tumor. Regarding the genetic risks of the method, there is hope to avoid other more invasive examinations with their danger of tumor spreading and to enable a radical resection of the primary tumor before its metastic formation by the mean of preoperative orchioradiography.
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PMID:[The diagnostic significance of microcalcifications in testicular tumors (author's transl)]. 15

The fact that the national death rate from carcinoma of the colon and rectum has remained static over the past two decades is strong incentive for future investigation of measures to allow detection in its early and more favorable stage. Although no significant improvements in surgical techniques have afforded improvement in longevity, certain technical factors are known to inhibit tumor implantation during surgery. Data suggest that the extent of en bloc resection is the most crucial factor in avoiding recurrence. Extensive use of radiotherapy as the sole method of treatment or as preoperative or postoperative adjunctive therapy remains investigational, but it seems likely that this form of treatment will play an increasing role in the future. Preoperative radiotherapy seems to be useful in reducing the stage of the neoplasm and the incidence of extraserosal involvement; postoperative radiotherapy is beneficial for palliation. Chemotherapy, particularly with the fluorinated pyrimidines (5-FU and 5-FUDR), is being evaluated for its usefulness in lengthening survival time; response to 5-FU is occasionally dramatic. It remains for major investigational centers to clarify the role of combination chemotherapy in metastatic disease. Immunotherapy at present must be considered an unproven mode of treatment and of inconclusive benefit in any stage of colorectal carcinoma. Carcinoembryonic antigen assay is a useful prognostic and diagnostic tool in localizing primary tumor and in subsequent evaluation of response to treatment.
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PMID:Colorectal carcinoma: overview of management techniques. 15 80

Thirty-nine patients with focal defects on the technetium liver scan were rescanned using 111-In chloride. Of 20 patients with hepatic malignancy, 11 had positive indium scans. None of the 19 with focal cirrhotic fibrosis had a positive indium scan although 5 of these had primary tumor. Thus, a positive indium scan suggests that the defect is malignant. A negative indium scan is less helpful, failling to distinguish between neoplasm and focal cirrhosis. Positive uptake in an extrahepatic primary neoplasm and negative uptake in the liver suggest that the hepatic lesion is not neoplastic.
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PMID:Experience with 111-In-chloride scanning in patients with focal defects on 99-mTc-sulfur colloid liver scans. 16 25

In a study of the World Health Organization classification of the histologic typing of lung tumors, sections from a total of 740 patients in the Medical Research Council Study of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, 182 of whom also had positive preoperativebronchial biopsies and 231 involved lymph nodes in the resected specimens, and from 30 patients in the Medical Research Council Trial of Surgery and Radiotherapy in Small or Oat-celled Carcinoma of the Bronchus have been assessed. Of the 740 primary tumors from the Study of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy, 71% were placed in Type I, 12% in Type II, 9% in Type III, and 7% in Type IV. Only 2 primary tumors could not be typed. A blind comparison of the type of primary tumor and bronchial biopsy showed that the biopsy was a good indicator of the type of the primary tumor. A bind comparison of the primary tumor and involved lymph node also showed a close degree of agreement. However, when the type of the primary tumor was assessed in the presence of the involved node. Tumors were placed in Type IV far less frequently than when assessed blind. It is concluded that the World Health Organization classification is applicable to primary tumor, bronchial biopsy, and involved node, that the biopsy is a valuable indicator of the type of the primary tumor, and that the apparent type of the involved node should not be allowed to over-influence the pathologist in deciding on the type of the primary tumor when both are assessed together.
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PMID:An assessment of the World Health Organization classification of the histologic typing of lung tumors applied to biopsy and resected material. 16 33

Thirty cases of islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas diagnosed at Memorial Hospital were studied. There were 17 male and 13 female patients. The average age was 44 years. Most of the tumors were located in the body or tail of pancreas; in 25 instances, the primary tumor was larger than 6 cm. Epigastric pain, hypoglycemia, and jaundice were frequent primary clinical presentations. No morphological differences were found between functioning and nonfunctioning tumors. Size of tumor, local tissue infiltration, and vascular invasion were helpful; but they were not absolute parameters aiding in the differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. Twenty-six patients had metastatic disease at time of diagnosis. Liver, regional lymph nodes, bones, and peritoneum were common sites of metastases. The average survival was 3.9 years. The cumulative five-year survival rate was 65%.
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PMID:Islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas. 16 33

Hamster embryo cells, following infection with IBR virus, showed malignant transformation. Hamsters of all ages, inbred or random bred, inoculated with two of the transformed cell lines developed solid tumors. Preliminary characterization of the tumors induced by one of the cell lines has indicated undifferentiated sarcomas. Viral specific antigen was detected in about 5% of the transformed cells and 10% of primary tumor cells in culture. Viral specific antibody was detected in the serum of tumor-bearing hamsters by the indirect immunofluorescent method, but no neutralizing antibodies were found. Infectious virus has not been recovered from either the transformed or tumor cells by cocultivation with bovine embryonic kidney cells.
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PMID:Malignant transformation of hamster cells following infection with bovine herpesvirus (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. 16 38

The Wilms' tumor (Wistar-Furth, Columbia University) animal model kills the host in a predictable period of time, associated with widespread metastases (lungs, liver, spleen) regardless of the route of tumor transplantation. Actinomycin D in single or multiple doses has previously been shown to increase survival, reduce the primary tumor weight, as well as the number of metastases in this experimental model. The model thus has close similarity to man. The present report describes a remarkable effect of adriamycin in this animal system. The beneficial results are, however, limited by severe dose-related toxicity. Nevertheless, faced with recurrent or metastatic lesions following prior current conventional clinical therapy, based on the present experimental results, we believe adriamycin treatment should be given serious clinical consideration.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of adriamycin on Wistar-Furth Wilms' tumor. 16 76

In 26 of 227 patients with carcinoma metastatic to the eye or orbit, metastasis to the anterior uveal tract was the predominating feature. There was a definite propensity for the tumor to involve the horizontal meridian of the iris or ciliary body, rather than the upper or lower portions. The site of the primary tumor in the 26 patients was as follows: lung 14; breast, 9; kidney, 2; and rectum, 1. Ocular symptoms and signs produced by the metastatic tumors at onset or during the course of the disease included decreased vision (80%), a visible mass (72%), redness of the eye (56%), pain (56%), glaucoma (56%), iridocylitis (44%), and hyphema (24%). The median survival of the 26 patients with metastasis to the anterior segment of the eye was only 5.4 months from the time of ocular surgery. This is poorer than the median survival (7.2 months) of the patients with metastasis confined to the posterior segment, and much worse than the median survival (15.6 months) of the 28 patients with orbital involvement.
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PMID:Carcinoma metastatic to the eye and orbit II. A clinicopathological study of 26 patients with carcinoma metastatic to the anterior segment of the eye. 16 33

Of 112 000 patients undergoing surgery between 1952 and 1973, 67 had a primary tumor of the small intestine. 22 patients had a benign tumor, 8 a carcinoid, 21 carcinoma and 15 sarcoma. Benign tumors were more frequent in the duodenum and ileum, carcinoids in the terminal ileum and carcinomas in the duodenum and jejunum. Sarcomas were found equally in all parts of the small intestine. The most common symptom for all types of the tumor was variable pain in the abdomen. Loss of weight occurred only in patients with carcinomas and sarcomas; heavy intestinal blood loss was most common in patients with benign tumors. Benign tumors often show invagination, while sarcomas cause occlusive ileus or perforation. All duodenal tumors show heavy intestinal bleeding but hematemesis is rare. Emergency surgery was necessary in 42% of patients with benign tumors or sarcoma and in 30% of patients with carcinoma. Five-year survival in patients with benign tumors is excellent (100%). Compared to this, five-year survival in patients with carcinoma, sarcoma or carcinoids is only 15%.
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PMID:[Complications in primary tumors of the small intestine]. 16 32

Five hundred consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were studied to determine the incidence of multicentric lesions in the resected specimens. When residual tumor in juxtaposition to the primary tumor or biopsy cavity is excluded, 41.6 per cent of specimens exhibited multicentric foci of tumor; 31 per cent of such foci were in sectors or quadrants remote from the primary tumor. In more than half of these cases the lymph nodes were uninvolved and cure rate would have been maximal had these multicentric tumor foci been removed. These findings confirm previous similar studies and we consider tylectomy an inappropriate mode of therapy for breast cancer.
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PMID:The case against tylectomy for carcinoma of the breast. The factor of multicentricity. 16 92


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