Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

L-Asparagine synthetase appears in serum approximately 7 days after the s.c. implantation of 1 X 10(5) cells of Leukemia 5178Y/AR (resistant to L-asparaginase) and increases in activity as the neoplasm grows and metastasizes. The principal source of the enzyme is the primary tumor. After intravranial inoculation of tumor, the rate of leakage of the enzyme is more pronounced than when the subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intraperitoneal routes are used. 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (NSC 79037), a nitro-sourea effective in the palliation of L5178Y/AR, temporarily halts the influx of enzyme into the blood stream, as does surgical excision of the s.c. tumor nodules. Treatment of mice with L-asparaginase within 24 hr of inoculation of the tumor markedly augments both tumor growth and the rate of penetration of L-asparagine synthetase into the circulation. Several other L-asparagine synthetase into the circulation. Several other L-asparaginase-resistant tumors also were found to spill L-asparagine synthetase into the serum, but the correlation between this phenomenon and the specific activity of the enzyme in homogenates of the tumor was imperfect.
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PMID:L-Asparagine synthetase in serum as a marker for neoplasia. 1 81

Circulation in the blood stream of neuroblastoma cells was confirmed by establishment of a cell line from the peripheral blood of a child with disseminated disease. The morphologic, enzymatic, and chromosomal pattern of this cell line was similar to a cell line established from the primary tumor on a previous occasion. The peripheral blood smear did not demonstrate tumor cells but increased numbers of atypical monocytes; lymphoblasts were evident, which may have been unrecognized neuroblasts.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of a neuroblastoma cell line from peripheral blood in a patient with disseminated disease. 1 66

To ascertain whether the content of endocrine markers is constant in small-cell carcinoma of the lung, levels of three markers of medullary thyroid carcinoma were studied in this tumor. Histaminase was increased in six of six primary tumors (three to 14,000 times), L-dopa decarboxylase in four of six (six to 30 times), and calcitonin in one of one (eight times) over levels in adjacent lung. Marker levels in mediastinal metastases reflected those in primary tumors in four of five patients. However, in four of seven, multiple hepatic metastases contained low to absent levels despite simultaneously high values in chest lesions. Immunohistochemical studies of histaminase revealed that within each primary tumor different cells contained different amounts of the enzyme. Since marker content varied between tumor cells, between primary tumors and between metastases in individual patients we conclude that circulating levels of these three markers cannot be expected necessarily to mirror tumor burden in patients with small-cell lung tumors.
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PMID:Variable content of histaminase, L-dopa decarboxylase and calcitonin in small-cell carcinoma of the lung. Biologic and clinical implications. 2 72

Attempt were made to initiate cell lines from 11 specimens obtained from nine patients with renal cell carcinoma. Primary cultures were obtained in seven instances with only five long term cells lines. Two of these cell lines were obtained from metastatic tumors in two patients. Using microcytotoxicity assay, both autochthonous and allogeneic lymphocytotoxicity, specific to renal cell tumor, was demonstrated. This would suggest a common cross-reacting tumor-associated antigen. No lymphocytotoxicity could be demonstrated using autochthonous lymphocytes aganist two metastatic tumor target cell lines. This would suggest some antigenic differences between primary tumor and its metastases. In seven instances significant complement-dependent cytotoxicity was demonstrated using six different renal cell carcinoma target cell lines. Serums from three patients with renal cell carcinoma, one without any recurrent tumor and two with metastases, appear to significantly block the autochthonous and allogeneic lymphocyte cytotoxicity.
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PMID:Immunologic evaluation of human renal cell carcinoma. In vitro studies. 4 33

A review of 227 cases of hepatoblastoma, hepatic cell carcinoma in children seen in the United States over a 10-yr period is presented. Both tumors were seen most commonly in infancy, but the hepatocellular carcinoma shows a second peak of incidence around puberty. Males predominated in both diseases more so in hepatoblastoma. Presenting symptoms in both diseases were very similar, most commonly an upper abdominal mass or abdominal enlargement associated with anorexia and weight loss. In the preoperative evaluation the presence of alpha-feto protein was one of the most helpful diagnostic tests. Disturbances of liver function were usually mild but were more marked in those children with hepatocellular carcinoma. Preoperative x-rays were abnormal in a large percentage of cases with the hepatic arteriogram and vena cavagram being the most useful diagnostic x-rays for liver tumors. Liver scans were positive for liver tumor in 95% of the children when this test was carried out. The follow-up for these patients ranged from 2 to 10 yr. The size of the primary tumor did not appear to correlate with survival but bilateral location of the tumor, 33% in hepatoblastoma and 45% in hepatocellular carcinoma, made many of these tumors inoperable. Multicentric tumors were also found in a large number of patients, being more common in hepatocellular carcinoma. There was a high rate of local recurrence or local extension after operation in both diseases, and metastatic spread was similar being most common to the lungs and abdomen. A wide variety of surgical procedures were carried out in these patients from biopsy only to extended hepatic lobectomy. When incomplete excision or biopsy only was carried out no patient survived in either group. Among the hepatoblastoma patients, 45 of 78 patients who had complete excision are surviving. In the hepatocellular carcinoma patients where the operability rate was much lower 12 of 33 patients are surviving when tumor was completely excised. Complications were frequent, the most common being excessive blood loss at operation. There were eight operative deaths and 17 postoperative deaths in the combined group. There was no evidence that radiation therapy or chemotherapy controlled disease which could not be completely excised surgically. The only direct evidence of a favorable effect of radiation and chemotherapy were three cases of hepatoblastoma in which the tumor changed from inoperable to operable by a combination of radiation therapy and multiple drug chemotherapy. Both tumors are highly malignant, and 90% of the children who died of hepatoblastoma died within 12 mo of diagnosis. In the hepatocellular carcinoma 80% of the deaths occurred within 1 yr of diagnosis. At this time it seems that operative excision offers the only chance of cure in children with these tumors and cure rates of 60% can be expected with hepatoblastoma and 33% in hepatocellular carcinoma if the tumor can be completely excised.
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PMID:Liver tumors in children in the particular reference to hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma: American Academy of Pediatrics Surgical Section Survey--1974. 4 16

Secondary cell-mediated cytotoxicity generated in vivo against a syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma [(C58NT)D] in WF rats was detected by the 4-hour 51Cr release assay. At 30 days or more following primary tumor cell inoculation, after the tumors had regressed, lymphoid cells had little or no detectable direct cytotoxic reactivity. At rechallenge with tumor cells, high levels of cytotoxicity were detected in the peritoneal exudate, peripheral blood, mesenteric lymph node, and spleen cells. The secondary cellular immune response after challenge developed earlier, reached higher levels, and lasted longer than the primary immune response. The secondary cytotoxic reactivity was shown to be immunologically specific by the use of various tumor cells both as target and inhibitor cells. Treatment of immune spleen cells with specific antiserum to rat T-cells and complement abolished their cytotoxic reactivity, whereas removal of complement receptor-bearing cells or phagocytic cells did not reduct the cytotoxicity. These data demonstrated that specific-memory T-cells persisted for long periods in the lymphoid organs of immune rats and could rapidly become cytotoxic from rechallenge with the tumor.
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PMID:Secondary cell-mediated cytotoxic response to challenge of rats with syngeneic Gross virus-induced lymphoma. 6 41

Both adult (I) and embryonic (II) forms of uridine kinase have been identified in the transplantable EL-4 leukemia of C57BL/6 mice and in the P815Y mastocytoma of DBA/2 mice. Only Species I is found in primary tumor cells of lymphoid orgin (virus-induced feline lymphosarcoma, human acute and chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and in normal calf thymocytes and porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes; Species I was induced 4-fold upon stimulation of the normal blood lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin. The level of uridine kinase activity in the feline lymphosarcoma of thymus-dependent lymphocyte orgin and childhood lymphocytic leukemia of possible thymus-dependent lymphocyte or null-cell origin was similar to the induced level in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal lymphocytes, i.e., thymus-dependent lymphocytes. In contrast lymphocytes of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia of thymus-independent lymphocyte origin had a level of uridine kinase activity comparable to that of the unstimulated normal lymphocytes or thymocytes. The uridine kinase activity in the EL-4 tumor cells was repressed by acute treatment of the mice with 5-azacytidine.
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PMID:Uridine kinase activities in normal and neoplastic lymphoid cells. 6 93

Therapy results in bronchogenic carcinoma remain unchanged since the establishment of thoracic surgery. Prognosis depends on the two main factors: histological type and extension of disease at the time of diagnosis. Both factors are mutually dependent. Small cell carcinoma of the bronchus represents a special entity with its early hematogenous spread and the poorest prognosis of all bronchogenic carcinomas. The tumor is highly sensitive to radioor chemotherapy. A marked prolongatoion of medium survival time can be obtained by combination chemotherapy. This is usually accompained by an obvious improvement in the patient's general condition. In certain cases results can be further improved by irradiation of the primary tumor and the mediastinum. Prophylactic cranial irradiation is often indicated because of the frequent cerebral metastases. Results of chemotherapy are much less impressive in adenoor squamous-cell carcinomas of the bronchus. Such therapy can only be recommended for the exceptional case. Pilliative radiotherapy should be used freely. Till now, adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery has only proven its value in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma.
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PMID:[Chemotherapy in bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. 6 29

Tumors of the colon and rectum belong to the most frequent malignant diseases in the German Federal Republic. Only operative therapy ensures an optimal rate of success. In metastasizing and advanced local tumors, additional chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be taken into consideration. Also, preoperative radiotherapy may improve the chances of a cure in rectal carcinoma. An exact classification of the tumor is essential for a reliable prognosis. The Dukes tumor classification, still frequently used today, is inadequate for clinical application. Since the UICC has withdrawn the proposed classification for tumors of the colon and rectum, the Heidelberg proposed classification is presented, which is based on the degree of infiltration of the primary tumor and on the degree of metastatic dissemination.
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PMID:[Possibilities for operative therapy of carcinoma of the large intestine (author's transl)]. 6 66

The clinical course of 300 patients with known intraabdominal neoplasm requiring surgical exploration was analyzed. The most common primary tumor sites were the gastrointestinal tract (60 per cent), female reproductive organs (17 per cent), and urinary tract (6 per cent). Gastrointestinal and extrahepatic biliary obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding, and peritonitis were the most common indications for surgery. The overall operative mortality was 26 per cent, and the mean survival time was 6.6 months. Small bowel fistulas, intraabdominal abscesses, and cardiopulmonary and renal failure were the leading causes of death. Palliative procedures in patients less than sixty years old with single site of obstruction or with tumor of gastrointestinal origin were associated with a low operative mortality and prolonged survival. On the other hand, surgical intervention in patients more than seventy years old undergoing chemotherapy, with multiple sites of obstruction, peritonitis, or primary tumor originating outside the gastrointestinal tract, was associated with high operative mortality and seldom benefited from palliative intervention. Surgical intervention to relieve a distressing symptom in a patient with advanced neoplasm is a well established procedure, but the risks and benefits of such intervention should be carefully weighed against the expected mortality and the quality of survival.
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PMID:Survival after palliative surgery for advanced intraabdominal cancer. 7 6


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