Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previous studies have indicated that hormone-responsive mammary tumors of GR mice are mixed populations of hormone-dependent and autonomous cells. We have now investigated whether these two cell types differ in susceptibility to cytostatic treatment. Experiments in which cyclophosphamide was injected in tumor-bearing mice did not reveal significant differences in percentage of inhibition between hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, and hormone-independent tumors. Furthermore, the estrogen and progesterone receptor contents of the residual tumor masses after cyclophosphamide treatment were about the same as those of untreated tumors. When the cytostatically treated tumors were transplanted, the degree of hormone responsiveness of the transplants did not differ from that of transplants derived from untreated tumors, nor did their hormone receptor contents. These results indicate that the hormone-dependent and autonomous cells of GR mouse mammary tumors are inhibited to similar extents by cyclophosphamide. The possible significance of these results for combined endocrine therapy and chemotherapy is discussed.
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PMID:Effects of treatment with cyclophosphamide on hormone-dependent and hormone-independent tumor cells in transplanted GR mouse mammary tumors. 89 Jun 94

Active specific immunotherapy, harnessing the strength and specificity of the host immune response to destroy neoplastic cells, may offer an ideal surgical adjuvant treatment modality for human colon cancer. Unfortunately, achievement of this goal has been obscured by 1) the effect of excess residual disease to interfere with the host's destructive response, 2) the weak nature of tumor resistance, 3) the potential adverse effect of concomitant treatments such as chemotherapy, and 4) the present limitation of poorly defined immunogens to induce, as well as insensitive assay systems to detect, host sensitizaion. Recent immunologic and chemical research revealing distinctive surface membrane structures on colon cancer cells suggests that a controlled trial of irradiated, autochtonous cell vaccines (without mycobacterial adjuvants) may provide a new therapeutic tool for Dukes B2 and C stages of human colon cancer.
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PMID:Active specific immunotherapy potential for the treatment of large bowel cancer. 92 11

The need for additional data regarding the behavior of carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx was recognized during attempts to identify candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy. The crux of the matter was whether supraglottic carcinomas remain confined at the supraglottic larynx. If some do not, can these exceptions be detected preoperatively? Information gained from whole-organ study of 40 larynges with such tumors showed that most tumors do remain confined to the supraglottic larynx; however, there are exceptions, and these are usually high-grade tumors. Preoperative biopsy demonstrating undifferentiation in a tumor suggests a potential for atypical behavior. Patients with these high-grade lesions are not candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy. Fortunately, most supraglottic carcinomas are well-differentiated, behave in a typical manner, and fulfill the expectations gained from the preoperative mucosal appearance. Supraglottic laryngectomy is, therefore, feasible and successful in carefully selected candidates. The conclusions of this study are the following: 1. Most supraglottic cancers behave as expected, being typically well-differentiated tumors that remain confined to the supraglottic larynx. 2. Exceptions to such behavior are exemplified by tumors manifesting submucosal extension some distance away from the main tumor mass, tumors invading the thyroid cartilage, second primaries, and tumors disseminating emboli away from the main tumor. 3. Present preoperative diagnostic measures still fail to detect tumors with atypical behavior. Subsequent supraglottic laryngectomy in patients with such tumors would, therefore, leave residual tumor. 4. Carcinomas exhibiting atypical behavior are characteristically undifferentiated and aggressive. 5. The epiglottis and pre-epiglottic space are easily invaded by supraglottic cancer. The pre-epiglottic space is removed during either supraglottic or total laryngectomy. 6. The thyroid cartilage is an excellent barrier to the spread of supraglottic cancers. Tumors that invade it penetrate the anterior commissure first. 7. The pitfalls in the selection of candidates for supraglottic laryngectomy are assessment problems in which the tumor mass makes it difficult to see its full mucosal extent. Inadequate biopsy may also fail to detect a tumor. 8. In the preoperative assessment of a patient with supraglottic carcinoma, supraglottic laryngectomy is contraindicated if the biopsy does show high-grade differentiation and if the tumor is situated near the petiole. 9. Undetected extension submucosally to the level of the glottis will result in some failures with conservation surgery of the larynx.
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PMID:Supraglottic larynx and its pathology as studied by whole laryngeal sections. 93 53

Exposure to radiation results in an increased occurrence of nodularity to the thyroid and, more important, the development of cancer in a significant proportion of patients. Near-total thyroidectomy is recommended in those patients with a history of irradiation who are found on physical examination of the thyroid to have one or more nodules. Although pregnancy appears to have no effect on the course of thyroid carcinoma and the tumor has no effect on pregnancy, because of the numerous stimuli to thyroid growth during pregnancy, we feel that pregnancy is best avoided by women with known residual disease.
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PMID:Thyroid cancer: relationship to radiation exposure and to pregnancy. 97 53

The clinical and pathologic features of 51 cases of microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix treated by radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy are presented. Microinvasion was defined as stromal penetration by carcinoma not exceeding a depth of 5 mm from the surface at the point of origin. Patients with confluent patterns and lymphatic invasion were not excluded. Lymphatic invasion was demonstrated in 24% of the patients, but none of the resected lymph nodes from the entire series contained metastatic tumor. Residual invasive disease was present in 9 of 47 patients who underwent conization including 1 in which the residual tumor invaded to 8 mm, although the depth of invasion in the cone biopsy was only 2.5 mm. Factors related to the presence of residual invasive disease included the pattern and extent of invasion and involvement of the cone margin. There were no surgery-related deaths or fistulae in this series; the actuarial survival rate at 5 years was 100%. Simple hysterectomy seems justified if the cone margin is free of tumor since none of these patients has residual disease. In contrast, radical hysterectomy may be indicated if the cone margins are involved in view of high frequency of residual tumor (39%) and the possibility of invasion in the cervix exceeding 5 mm.
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PMID:Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix. 98 Feb 84

A phase I clinical trial of immunotherapy with "Immune" RNA was undertaken fifteen months ago. Twenty-six cancer patients were treated with RNA extracted from the lymphoid organs of sheep immunized with either autologous tumor cells or allogeneic tumor cells of the same histologic type. Eighteen patients had gross disease and eight had minimum residual disease. RNA was administered weekly, intradermally, at doses up to 9 mg/week without any significant local or systemic toxicity. Four patients improved, thirteen achieved stability of disease or possible improvement, seven were treatment failures, and two are indeterminate. Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to allogeneic tumor target cells of the same histologic type were monitored in eleven patients. In seven patients, cytotoxicity increased after "Immune" RNA therapy; no change was observed in three patients; a decrease was noted in one patient. There appeared to be a possible correlation between cytotoxicity assessed in vitro and clinical response. There is some evidence that these responses may be specific for the particular tumor used to immunize the RNA donor.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of cancer with "immune" RNA. A preliminary report. 98 10

Five patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva were studied. The tumors were located close to the limbus in three patients, in the bulbar conjunctiva in one, and in the lower cul-de-sac in the remaining patient. Histopathologically, they exhibited lobules of tumor cells showing an admixture of epidermoid and mucus-secreting cells. Histochemical stains for mucin were most useful in arriving at a correct diagnosis. Follow-up information revealed that all five tumors recurred rapidly, invading the corneal stroma, intraocular structures, and orbit. Biologically, these tumors appear to be locally aggressive and should be differentiated histopathologically from the conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva, which carries a better prognosis. They should be managed by wide local excision, and the margins should be carefully examined for residual tumor. Frequent follow-up is recommended to detect early recurrence.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva: a clinicopathologic study of five cases. 99 Oct 88

Noncurative excision of a primary sc Lewis lung tumor performed on Day 7 or later results in an increase in the thymidine index and growth rate with minimal changes in the cell cycle parameters of the lung metastases. The stimulation of the lung nodules is accompanied by a small but consistent decrease in median lifespan. Sham surgery performed on Day 3 or later also results in a decrease in median lifespan and an increase in the thymidine index of the undisturbed primary tumor. Artifical metastases (10(6) cells iv) are inhibited by the presence of a second (sc) implant and the median lifespan of the doubly implanted mice exceeds that of mice bearing iv implants only. In mice bearing widely metastasized Lewis lung carcinoma, surgery alone may have a detrimental effect on life expectancy, but the residual tumor foci, stimulated to more rapid growth, should be appropriate targets for adjuvant chemotherapy.
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PMID:Effects of surgery on the cell kinetics of residual tumor. 102 33

The contribution to pretreatment evaluation and surgical planning of 200 angiograms of bone and soft tissue lesions, mostly tumors, was evaluated. Their accuracy was studied by careful post-operative examination of gross surgical specimens and histologic sections. The angiograms were helpful in delineating the anatomic extent of lesions and, therefore, in planning the appropriate resection or amputation. This was particularly true in lesions treatable by radical local resection, such as most malignant tumors of soft tissues, giant cell tumors of bone, parosteal osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas and occasional small central osteosarcomas. The angiograms were of some help in confirming or detecting residual or recurrent tumor and prior resection. This was not true immediately after inadequate local resections because residual tumor was likely to be quite small and reactive vascularity secondary to operation was confusing. Angiography was not accurate or helpful in distinguishing benign from malignant lesions when the clinical presentation and roentgenographic findings were confusing. The surgeon relied on biopsy rather than angiography. Aso, although we saw lymph node blushes on several angiograms, we could not reliably interpret whether or not this represented tumor metastasis. The vascularity of pathologic fractures was also confusing. Pelvic angiograms were difficult to interpret because of the complex anatomy. We made most of our serious mistakes in delineating tumor extent in pelvic lesions. Angiography is valuable in planning operative treatment of tumors if radical local resection is considered or if physical examination and roentgenographic findings do not indicate the appropriate level of amputation.
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PMID:Angiography in the management of musculoskeletal tumors. 105 56

In this survey for rheumatoid factor (RF) seropositivity on patients with neoplasms, an 85% rate of positive screening tests was recorded under certain circumstances. This high rate of RF seropositivity occurred after irradiation and/or chemotherapy of breast and lung cancers. Treated patients with breast cancers who had no evidence of residual tumor had an 89% rate of positive RF tests. Conversely, the incidence of RF seropositivity was low among untreated patients with similar tumors and treated patients with glioblastomas or multiple myeloma. The administration of cytotoxic drugs (e.g., azathiprene) was not itself associated with RF production even in renal allograft recipients. The data indicate that RF production occurs frequently after therapy of certain tumors and suggest that in these circumstances RF may be an expression of tumor-host interaction.
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PMID:Rheumatoid factor and tumor-host interaction. 106 77


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