Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

There is a need to establish the diagnosis of cancer of the larynx as early as possible. Delay in making the diagnosis should occur rarely if all of the available methods are fully utilized. Having established the presence of a carcinoma it should be possible to define the site and extent of the tumor; only with this additional information can the best treatment be selected. The use of a fiber-optic laryngoscope or a telescopic laryngoscope (Gould) has made examination of the "difficult larynx" more satisfactory. X-ray examination, with or without contrast material, has provided useful information regarding extent of the tumor, particularly with regard to its relation to the glottis. Microscopic laryngoscopy has proven to be a most reliable way to identifying "the early lesion" and of establishing the extent of an established tumor, especially if supravital staining is applied and the microsurgical laryngeal mirror and laryngeal caliper are used. The most difficult diagnosis to make at the present time is the presence of residual tumor after radiation, when the tumor does not present on the surface. The solution to this problem will not be found easily.
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PMID:Diagnosis of carcinoma of the larynx: a review of current methods. 4 97

20 patients with advanced carcinomas of the oral cavity (T3NxMo) were treated at the same time with the cytostatic drugs bleomycin and methotrexate as well as with a cobalt-60-irradiation. 14 of them are tumor free after an observation period of one half to two and a half years. Among them were 4 recurrences that had to be treated surgically. 1 patient is living with a residual tumor which cannot be further treated. 5 patients died of the tumor or of other causes. The survival rate, which is 80% after 1 year, is, as a tentative result, higher than could be attained by other therapeutic measures.
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PMID:[Combination therapy by bleomycin, methotrexate, and telecobalt irradiation in carcinoma of the oral cavity (author's transl)]. 7 Aug 69

Patients with metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer received an induction regimen consisting of bleomycin in 24-hour infusions and bolus iv doses of vinblastine followed by an Adriamycin and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) combination. Patients achieving complete remission after one or two cycles of this induction chemotherapy were then randomized to receive either radiotherapy (RT) to the previously involved tumor areas or maintenance chemotherapy (MCT) with CCNU, methotrexate, and vinblastine for 2 years. Among 62 evaluable patients, induction chemotherapy achieved 15 (24%) partial remissions and 35 (56%) complete remissions. Two patients with partial remission and single pulmonary metastases were rendered disease-free by surgical resection of residual tumor. Twenty patients received MCT and 15 received RT. To date, median survival is 10,8+ months in the MCT group with five relapses and 12.5 months in the RT group with two relapses. Toxicity in the induction phase was moderately severe with two drug-related deaths.
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PMID:Treatment of metastatic nonseminomatous testicular cancer: a preliminary report of induction chemotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy or radiotherapy. 9 36

A case of embryonal carcinoma in the pineal region of a 17-year-old boy is presented. The tumor included elements of choriocarcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor, and the use of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein as tumor markers is discussed. The markers were demonstrated both within the tumor and in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The patient was treated with a postoperative program of irradiation and cancer chemotherapy, and at follow-up examination 20 months after operation no signs of residual tumor were present. It is suggested that human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein should be measured in the blood and CSF before the treatment of midline tumors.
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PMID:Value of tumor markers in the treatment of endodermal sinus tumors and choriocarcinomas in the pineal region. 9 53

Fifty patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated by external supervoltage radiotherapy. Needle biopsies were obtained at timed intervals after completion of therapy. Six of 17 patients with stages A and B disease and 15 of 33 patients with stage C disease had positive biopsies. In patients biopsied more than 18 months after therapy 15 of 29 (52 per cent) had residual tumors. Of 17 patients biopsied 36 months or more after therapy 10 (59 per cent) had residual tumor. These results suggest that patients with residual tumor 18 months after therapy will not have resolution of the tumor at a future date and represent treatment failure.
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PMID:Latent residual tumor following external radiotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma. 9 43

This is a report of a nonrandomized comparison of treatment results of 244 patients with stage IB carcinoma of the uterine cervix treated by radiation alone and 92 treated with preoperative radiation and surgery and 77 patients with stage IIA treated by radiation alone and 24 treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. The techniques of irradiation and types of operation are described in detail. The five-year tumor free actuarial survival for the patients with stage IB treated either with irradiation alone or combined with surgery was approximately 85% and the ten-year survival, 78%. For stage IIA the tumor free actuarial five-year survival without tumor was 73% and for ten years, 60%. In the 244 patients treated with radiation alone, there were ten central failures (4%) usually combined with distant metastasis. Further, 16 of these patients (6.5%) developed parametrial recurrence, in all but one instance associated with distant metastasis. In the 92 patients with stage IB treated with combined therapy, there were three local recurrences (3.8%), two of them combined with parametrial failures and six parametrial recurrences (6.5%), all of them concomitant with distant metastasis. Of the 77 patients with stage IIA treated by irradiation alone, there was one central recurrence alone and five local and parametrial recurrences, all of them associated with periaortic nodes or distant metastasis. Four additional patients had parametrial recurrences only concurrent with distant metastasis. Of the 24 patients treated with irradiation and surgery, there were two parametrial recurrences combined with distant metastasis (8.2%). There was no significant difference in the survival or recurrence rate of the patients treated with either method. In the group treated with combined therapy, patients with stage IB who showed evidence of microscopic residual tumor after irradiation had a failure rate of approximately 42% (8/18) in contrast to only 8.6% (6/70) in those with negative specimens. In stage IIA there were three failures in eight patients with residual tumor in the specimen in contrast to only two of 16 with negative specimens (12.5%). Major complications were comparable in both groups (radiation alone approximately 8.7% and irradiation combined with surgery approximately 14%), the difference is not statistically significant. The most frequent minor complication in patients treated with radiation alone was vaginal fibrosis (30 patients--9%) or vaginal vault necrosis (10 patients--3%).
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PMID:Irradiation alone or in combination with surgery in stage IB and IIA carcinoma of the uterine cervix: A nonrandomized comparison. 10 53

A rapid microcytotoxicity assay for the detection of HL-A antigens on tissue culture cells derived from human solid tumors is described. Tumor cells were prelabeled with 125Iododeoxyuridine. Isotopically labeled tumor cells were reacted with up to 37 highly selected HL-A antisera and diluted rabbit complement. Results of the HL-A typing of nine human tumor cell lines are reported. Three melanoma cell lines showed individually distinct HL-A profiles at the first HL-A locus which agreed with the antigenic pattern of the tumor donor's autologous lymphocytes. Less reactivity was noted with HL-A antisera defining second locus specificities on the three melanoma cell lines, whereas some other cell lines showed more HL-A reactions than required to present a "full house". This method obviates the necessity for visually enumerating residual tumor target cells.
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PMID:A new micromethod for the detection of HL-A antigens on cultured human tumor cells. 12 40

The chemotherapeutic management of patients with epithelial tumors of the ovary is hampered by a lack of diagnostic tests that are sufficiently sensitive for detecting residual or recurrent tumor. At the completion of a chemotherapy program, direct visualization of the peritoneal cavity is necessary to accurately assess the amount and location of residual tumor. Laparoscopy, with visually directed biopsies of residual tumor masses, can spare some patients a laparotomy and yet provide a safe and easy route for assessment of intraabdominal disease. If residual tumor is not seen at laparoscopy, than laparotomy with multiple peritoneal biopsies must be done so that residual tumor will not be missed and chemotherapy prematurely stopped. Laparoscopy is not an alternative to "second look" laparotomy but is a useful adjunct for determining the presence of resectable, unresectable or diffuse disease after chemotherapy.
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PMID:The use of laparoscopy to determine the results of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer. 14 14

Five hundred consecutive cases of breast carcinoma were studied to determine the incidence of multicentric lesions in the resected specimens. When residual tumor in juxtaposition to the primary tumor or biopsy cavity is excluded, 41.6 per cent of specimens exhibited multicentric foci of tumor; 31 per cent of such foci were in sectors or quadrants remote from the primary tumor. In more than half of these cases the lymph nodes were uninvolved and cure rate would have been maximal had these multicentric tumor foci been removed. These findings confirm previous similar studies and we consider tylectomy an inappropriate mode of therapy for breast cancer.
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PMID:The case against tylectomy for carcinoma of the breast. The factor of multicentricity. 16 92

The twelft case of synovial sarcoma of the neck originated in the base of the tongue at the foramen caecum is reported. The patient, a 21 year old man developed a 7 cm. tumor after a 5 month period. A radical neck disection revealed metastases to lymph nodes, to spinal chain and residual tumor infiltrating the parotid gland. The subsequent X-ray studies showed metastases to lung. The patient is well 1 year after surgery. The pathogenesis of synovial sarcomas in regions so distant from normal synovial elements as the neck and other sites is not clear. In the present case and in those reported previously it is probable that the arise from synovial cell lining tendon sheaths or adventitious bursae in the neck.
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PMID:[Synovial sarcoma of the oral cavity (foramen caecum) Report of a case and review of the literature]. 17 44


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