Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although carcinoma of the uterine endometrium is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy of the female reproductive tract, the molecular genetic features of this tumor have yet to be described in significant detail. Since mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene are the single most common genetic alteration found in human malignancies, we examined the hypothesis that p53 mutations occur in human endometrial carcinoma. Sequencing analysis of exons 5-8 revealed point mutations in 3 of 21 (14%) tumors; one mutation was an unusual single-base insertion at codons 176-177, resulting in a premature stop codon, whereas the other two were CGG----TGG transitions at codon 248. Two of these tumors showed reduction to homozygosity at the p53 allele, but one tumor apparently retained heterozygosity. These data indicate that p53 mutations occur in human endometrial carcinoma, although relatively infrequently, and that loss of the normal p53 allele does not necessarily occur with point mutation of the p53 gene in this tumor type.
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PMID:p53 gene mutations in human endometrial carcinoma. 149

RU-486 or mifepristone is best known as an antiprogestin and an abortifacient, but it has broad medical applicability. The drug is also a potent blocker of corticosteroid receptors, and it has shown promise in the treatment of breast cancer, inoperable meningioma, and cushing's disease. Cushing's is a model for the symptomatology of aging which may involve enhanced response to corticosteroid. RU-486 has reversed the osteoporosis, thinning of skin, muscle atrophy, obesity, adult onset diabetes, depression, hypertension, and immunosuppression associated with this disease. RU-486 may be of value in aiding cervical dilation, lactation, and the treatment of endometriosis. In addition, breast, bowel, kidney tumors, hepatomas, endometrial cancer, and fibrosarcomas can show corticosteroid dependency, suggesting that RU-486 may have clinical value against inoperable tumors. In a preliminary 1987 phase I study, in estrogen-positive, chemotherapy-refractory breast cancer patients in Montpelier, France, Ru-486 produced objective tumor regression (6 of 22) that was prolonged (3 months) in 4 patients. Clinical relief of bone pain was observed in 7 of 23 patients with a decline in carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) tumor makers in 8 patients. Growing in vitro data also show that RU-486 can directly inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation. RU-486 has application for HIV infection, based on data that there is a serum factor in AIDS patients that enhances corticosteroid lympholysis. IN addition, the immune restorative action of RU-486 suggests that it could counteract the immunosuppression seen in aging, in cancer, or in viral or stress-related disease, which has recently focused clinical attention on its potential in the treatment of senile dementia and depression. Scientific conferences and workshops are needed to alert scientists, physicians, and the public to the potential medical benefits of this drug.
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PMID:RU 486: how abortion politics have impacted on a potentially useful drug of broad medical application. 150 96

114 women with endometrial carcinoma at clinical stage 1 to 3 were treated with surgery as first line of treatment. Patients were classified as being low or high risk on the basis of the surgical pathological patterns of the tumor. Disease limited to the uterine body, G1-G2 tumors and myometrial invasion of less than 1/3, identified low risk patients which received no adjuvant therapy. All the others were considered high risk and treated with radiation therapy. Patients were retrospectively restaged according to 1988 FIGO guidelines and survival was analyzed. Cox's proportional hazards method was employed to identify independent prognostic factors. Disease free survival (DFS) was 90% for stage 1, 83% for stage 2, and 43% for stage 3 patients. Lymphatic spread was associated to the poorer prognosis. Proportional hazards model showed that tumor grading, myometrial invasion and lymphatic spread were significantly related to the time of relapsing. Low risk patients showed better outcomes despite not having received adjuvant treatment, thus post-operative therapy is not indicated in this subset of patients. Radiation adjuvant therapy for high risk patients did not give satisfactory results. Failures were observed both locally and distantly calling for new adjuvant strategies. Surgical pathological staging of endometrial cancer is currently mandatory. Retroperitoneal lymph node sampling is indicated in patients with high risk pre- (advanced clinical disease, undifferentiated tumors) or intra-operative (deep myometrial invasion, enlarged pelvic nodes) prognostic factors. All prognostic indicators must be obtained from surgery and pathology in order to assess the risk of relapse.
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PMID:Surgical pathological staging of endometrial carcinoma and results of treatment. 151 11

A prospective study was designed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of nonenhanced T2-weighted and contrast material-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in assessing the depth of myometrial invasion in patients with proved endometrial cancer. In 56 consecutive patients with clinically determined early-stage disease, findings of the two MR imaging techniques were compared with results of histologic examination of surgical specimens. Myometrial invasion was classified as absent (stage IA), superficial (stage IB), or deep (stage IC). In the assessment of each tumor stage, the sensitivity and specificity of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging were higher than those of non-enhanced T2-weighted MR imaging. In determining the degree of myometrial tumor invasion, the overall sensitivity of enhanced T1-weighted MR imaging was 87.5%, whereas that of nonenhanced T2-weighted MR imaging was 71.4% (P less than .05). The use of contrast material may improve the ability to assess, with MR imaging, the depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial cancer.
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PMID:Myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: assessment with plain and gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. 152 9

In some families breast cancer aggregates as the predominant site-specific neoplasia and in others in association with defined malignancies. In the case of familial adenocarcinomatous (Lynch II-syndrome) it occurs together mainly with colorectal and endometrial carcinoma whereas in the case of the Li-Fraumeni/SBLA-syndrome it belongs to a wider spectrum including sarcoma, brain tumors, lung and laryngeal cancer, leukaemia and adrenocortical carcinoma. The occurrence of these malignancies is reported as they were observed in the families of 600 women suffering from breast cancer.
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PMID:[Tumor diseases in families of 600 breast cancer patients with special reference to familial adenocarcinomatosis and the Li-Fraumeni-/SBLA syndrome]. 152 35

In order to establish a sensitivity test system for the evaluation of anti-cancer hormonal agents, we tried a long-term subrenal capsule (SRC) assay, using nude mice with a transplanted solid tumor of endometrial cancer cells (Ishikawa's line). Unlike DNA-affecting agents, anti-cancer hormonal agents exert cytostatic effects rather than cytocidal effects, and their evaluation in a short period is considered to be inaccurate. Our test system is somewhat difficult in terms of technique, but it is useful since it can (1) evaluate the agents in the relatively short period of 28 days and (2) compare the cytostatic anti-tumor efficacy of two or more agents under the same conditions. The rate of successful tumor transplantation in nude mice in our system is very high, i.e., more than 90%. Although there are some points which need improvement, our system is considered to be useful as an assay system for the development of anti-cancer hormonal agents and other similar chemotherapeutic agents for cancers. When medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was evaluated by means of this system, the administration period, as well as the dosage, was found to be important.
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PMID:[Estimation of medroxyprogesterone acetate against a human endometrial tumor constituted from the established Ishikawa cancer cells by a subrenal capsule assay]. 153 49

We measured the levels of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) in 115 patients with gynecological malignancies (ovarian cancer 34, cervical cancer 34, endometrial cancer 47). These concentrations were compared to those in control groups of 15 patients with benign ovarian tumor. The levels of TAT and FDP were significantly higher in patients with ovarian cancer compared to the control group (both: p less than 0.01), and these levels were higher than in other gynecological malignancies. In stages I and II the positive rate of TAT and FDP (TAT greater than 3.0 ng/ml, FDP greater than 1.40 microgram/ml) in patients with ovarian cancer was higher than that in other gynecological malignancies. TAT and FDP were increased following cancer dissemination, and the recovery of coagulative and fibrinolytic factors (TAT, FDP) with effective treatment was correlated to the prognosis for patients with ovarian cancer. These levels had no correlation with the levels of CA125 and histological classification in patients with ovarian cancer. Accordingly, these results suggest that these changes in TAT and FDP may be useful, together with other clinical signs, in detecting early stage ovarian cancer.
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PMID:[The clinical significance of thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and fibrinogen and fibrin degradation products (FDP) levels in ovarian cancer]. 154 65

Usefulness of gadopentetate dimeglumine in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of uterine neoplasms was evaluated in 53 patients with endometrial carcinoma and 15 patients with cervical carcinoma. T1- and T2-weighted MR images were obtained before the contrast material was administered. After a bolus injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine, dynamic MR images were acquired, followed by static T1-weighted images. Gadolinium-enhanced MR images revealed relatively small endometrial carcinomas in the uterine cavity as high signal intensity in four cases and invasion of the myometrium as low signal intensity in 20 cases. In eight cases, endometrial tumors showed irregular, early enhancement compared with that of the myometrium on dynamic images; these cases were associated with poor prognosis. Tumor extension into the lower part of the uterus, parametrium, and paracervical fat was well seen on enhanced images in cases of cervical carcinoma. The authors believe that gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging will prove helpful in the staging of uterine neoplasms.
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PMID:Preliminary experience with gadolinium-enhanced dynamic MR imaging for uterine neoplasms. 156 14

The proliferative activity of various parts of normal and malignant endometrium was evaluated using an immunohistochemical approach and flow cytometry (FCM). The two monoclonal antibodies, Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha antibody (anti-poly alpha antibody) were used to detect the proliferative activity of cells, and the percentage of the Ki-67 and anti-poly alpha positive cells were measured. Proliferative indices (PI; percentage of S and G2M phase) and DNA ploidy were measured by FCM. Normal endometrial specimens from 29 patients with benign diseases were used and three different parts (fundus, middle, and low part of the uterus) were examined. In the proliferative phase of normal endometrium, there was no significant difference in the proliferative activity in the three parts. In 20 patients with endometrial carcinomas with myometrial invasion, tissues were taken from the myometrial invasive site and the central part of the tumor tissue. In the cases of endometrial carcinoma, the myometrial invasive site had a higher proliferative activity than central part of the tissue. The proliferative activity measured by the immunohistochemistry was correlated with the histological grade of malignancy, but it was not consistent with PI by FCM. This suggests that the proliferative activity measured by the immunohistochemistry is independent of flow cytometric PI.
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PMID:Proliferative activity in normal endometrium and endometrial carcinoma measured by immunohistochemistry using Ki-67 and anti-DNA polymerase alpha antibody, and by flow cytometry. 157 57

Pelvic sonoangiography (PSAG) using transvaginal color Doppler was done on 16 postmenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding. Seven women had no endometrial carcinoma and nine had carcinoma. No flow was detected around and within the endometrium in noncancer patients. PSAG showed a feeder artery (blood flow with pulsation that runs into and clings to the tumor) in all patients with endometrial carcinoma, and intratumor blood flow (a mixture of pulsating and constant flow within the tumor) was evident in 7 of 9 patients with endometrial carcinoma. These findings were confirmed by conventional pelvic angiography. In the diagnostic evaluation of PSAG for endometrial carcinoma, both sensitivity and specificity were 100%. We conclude that PSAG with transvaginal color Doppler can be used to detect endometrial carcinoma in postmenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding and that this method might be applicable to selecting patients who really require diagnostic surgery for endometrial cancer.
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PMID:New pelvic sonoangiography for detection of endometrial carcinoma: a preliminary report. 159 84


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