Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate potential prognostic factors for complete remission to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and overall survival in patients with previously untreated stage III and stage IV head and neck cancer. Eighty consecutive patients were treated in one of two studies investigating three or four courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Before local therapy and surgery and/or radiotherapy, 29% attained a complete remission. No strong significant and independent predictor of complete remission was identified. Only nodal stage (N) was found moderately associated with complete remission (p = 0.06). Node-negative patients had higher remission rates. Less important predictors were tumor stage (T) and site of disease; nasopharyngeal patients had superior remission rates (56%). With a median followup of 45 months and estimated 3-year survival rate of 38% (median 23.7 months), individual factors predictive of survival included pretherapy weight loss, performance status, alcohol use, pretherapy serum albumin level, site of disease, and N stage. In multivariate testing weight loss was identified as the strongest independent predictor of survival (p less than 0.0001) and surpassed other health status measures, such as performance status and serum albumin level. In addition, N stage (p = 0.019) and alcohol use (p = 0.017) were found to be predictive. A cross-classification by N stage and weight loss revealed risk groups with distinctly different prognoses, which may be useful for design and analysis in future trials.
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PMID:Prognostic factors in advanced head and neck cancer patients undergoing multimodality therapy. 190 10

We studied the ELSA-pS2 immunoradiometric kit (CIS Bio International) for pS2 protein assay in breast cancer cytosols according to classic validation methods. In addition, we studied correlations between pS2, steroid receptors, and cathepsin-D assays. Repeatability (CV = 1.5% to 4.8%) and reproducibility (CV = 1.6% to 4.9%) were good. The results were linearly related to pS2 concentrations between 205 and 2200 ng/L; the detection limit was 40 ng/L. The accuracy of the assay was measured by assessing recovery; analytical recoveries were near 100% throughout the standard curve. The use of different compounds for cytosol preparation (Tris 10 mmol/L or phosphate 25 mmol/L, KCl 0.4 mol/L, bovine serum albumin 1 g/L) had no effect on pS2 results. pS2 was assayed in breast tumor cytosols from 197 postmenopausal and 92 premenopausal patients. The mean value was 24 micrograms/g of protein; the median and 25th and 75th percentiles were 6, 1, and 23 micrograms/g protein, respectively. We observed a relation between concentrations of pS2 and those of estrogen and progesterone receptors, but there was no relationship between the concentrations of pS2 and cathepsin-D.
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PMID:Immunoradiometric assay of pS2 protein in breast cancer cytosols. 191 81

To elucidate a factor required for tumor-imaging 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceuticals, in vivo behaviors of 99mTc-L-cysteine (99mTc-Cys) and 99mTc-2-mercaptoethylamine (99mTc-ME) were compared with that of 99mTc-DL-homocysteine (99mTc-Hcy) which had been found to accumulate in several experimental tumors. When these three complexes were intravenously injected into mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumor, their tumor affinity was found to depend on their binding ability to serum albumin; 99mTc-Hcy, the albumin-binding ability of which was highest of the three, was the most tumor-tropic. When the albumin-bound complexes of these three were injected, their tumor distributions were enlarged. These results suggest the importance of serum albumin in serving as a carrier for the transport of 99mTc-Hcy-related compounds to tumor tissue.
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PMID:Role of serum albumin as a carrier of 99mTc-complex to tumor tissue. 191 19

The coupling of p-aminophenyl 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-beta-D- galactopyranosyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (gal-beta 1,3-galNAc) to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was achieved by using 1,2-diethoxycyclobutene-3,4-dione (squaric acid diester) as a new coupling reagent. Two selective consequential steps afforded the desired neoglycoprotein: reaction of the p-aminophenyl group of gal-beta 1,3-galNAc with squaric acid diester gave the corresponding squaric acid amide ester, which was transformed into the BSA conjugate by coupling with the lysyl epsilon-amino group of BSA through formation of a squaric acid 1,2-bisamide. The experimental conditions for the reactions and the optimization of average were performed by using p-anisidine as model substance, the methyl group substituting for the carbohydrate part of a p-aminophenylglycoside. Neoglycoproteins have proven to be valuable tools for lectin detection. To evaluate the properties of this type of probe, the obtained neoglycoprotein with the histochemically crucial T-antigen structure was used for glycocytological and glycohistochemical studies. Three cultured human tumor cell lines and tissue sections from human breast carcinomas were chosen. Its efficiency was similar in comparison to measurements with a probe, derived by diazotization with the p-aminophenyl glycosides of gal-beta 1,3-galNAc and already shown to be a reliable marker for lectin localization in tissue sections and cultured cells.
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PMID:Conjugation of p-aminophenyl glycosides with squaric acid diester to a carrier protein and the use of neoglycoprotein in the histochemical detection of lectins. 193 13

Estrogen and progesterone receptors were studied in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens of 56 patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic breast carcinoma. The ligands, 17 B-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxine-bovine serum albumin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA estradiol) and hydroxyprogesterone hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC-BSA progesterone), were used in the fluorescent cytochemical method. The findings obtained from the aspirated cells with the use of the fluorescent cytochemical technique were compared with results obtained from the cell population of the same tumor after removal with the use of both the fluorescent cytochemical technique and the biochemical dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. For the needle aspirates, there was 89% concordance for estrogen receptor and 86% concordance for progesterone receptor between biochemical and cytochemical results. A high degree of correlation was also demonstrated between fine-needle aspirates and imprint preparations with the use of the cytochemical technique. This study suggests that the fluorescent cytochemical technique is an effective tool in assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in fine-needle aspirates of primary and metastatic breast cancer. The fluorescent cytochemical technique can be performed easily at community hospitals and is well suited for specimens of insufficient size for biochemical assay.
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PMID:Fluorescent cytochemical detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast fine-needle aspirates. 198 50

The ability of tumor cells to express elevated levels of proteinases capable of degrading tissue matrix and basement membrane components in vitro has been correlated to their invasive and metastatic potential. Many in vitro invasion assays have been performed either in the presence of serum or with tumor cells that had been previously grown in serum. Since serum contains large amounts of active proteinase inhibitors, their presence could complicate interpretations. We have, therefore, attempted to measure the amounts of serine proteinase inhibitors released into culture medium by two rat mammary adenocarcinoma metastatic variants selected in vitro for serum-independent growth and differing in their in vivo metastatic behavior. Concentrated spent media (CSM) derived from cultures of poorly metastatic MTLn2(T42D) and highly metastatic MTLn3(T17D) tumor cells, grown in the presence and absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) for 20-24 h, were compared for the presence of serine proteinase inhibitors capable of inactivating alpha-chymotrypsin. Our results show that when MTLn2(T42D) and MTLn3(T17D) tumor cells were exposed to FBS, the CSM of MTLn2(T42D) exhibited nearly 5-fold greater amounts of active proteinase inhibitors than that of MTLn3(T17D). The amount of proteinase inhibitory activity detected in the CSM of tumor cells not exposed to FBS was not eliminated but declined by 82% and 37% for MTLn2(T42D) and MTLn3(T17D), respectively. Analysis for enzyme-inhibitor (E-I) complex formation by nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography confirmed the kinetic results and revealed that the major inhibitor present in CSM/FBS of both variants forms a heat- and sodium dodecyl sulfate-stable E-I complex with an apparent molecular weight of approximately 79,000, identical to that formed when FBS or purified alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor is incubated with [alpha-125I]chymotrypsin. E-I complexes with apparent molecular weights of 44,000 and 50,000 were formed from CSM/bovine serum albumin of MTLn3(T17D) and MTLn2(T42D), respectively, that were not detected when [alpha-125I]chymotrypsin was incubated with bovine serum albumin. We infer from these observations that, in culture, poorly metastatic MTLn2(T42D) tumor cells, as compared to their highly metastatic MTLn3(T17D) counterparts, exhibit an increased capacity to retain and subsequently release significantly greater amounts of serum-derived active proteinase inhibitors. Moreover, the detection of proteinase activity by kinetic analysis and E-I complexes by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography in CSM prepared from cultures not exposed to FBS indicates that both variants have the capacity to produce their own inhibitors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Differential release of active proteinase inhibitors by two rat mammary adenocarcinoma variants possessing different metastatic potentials. 199 70

Ricin A chain immunotoxin constructed with monoclonal antibody 791T/36, which recognizes a tumor associated glycoprotein Mr 72,000 antigen present on sarcomas and colon and ovarian cancer cells, is cytotoxic for cell lines from tumors expressing this antigen. Incubation of sarcoma 791T cells with immunotoxin for only 5 min is sufficient to produce greater than 95% inhibition of tumor cell growth. Papain treatment of these cells to remove immunotoxin from the cell surface indicated that the cell surface acts as a reservoir for continued internalization of immunotoxin over several hours, but even so, 50% inhibition of cell survival was produced over a 2- to 3-h period. Analysis of the rate of endocytosis demonstrated that 30-50% of cell bound immunotoxin was internalized over a 180-min period. This was primarily dictated by the antibody moiety, regardless of the degree of conjugation to ricin A chain. This rate is much slower than that of other cell surface ligands such as transferrin. Cell cytosol acidification experiments were performed to determine whether this immunotoxin was internalized by clathrin coated pits, which is relatively rapid, or by smooth pits, which is slower, and the results indicated the latter mechanism is almost exclusively used. Intracellular trafficking of antibody 791T/36, conjugated to human serum albumin-tetramethylrhodamine was investigated by flow cytometry. The movement of the conjugate into the lysosomal compartment was delayed so that degradation products were only detected after a lag phase of 30-60 min. The lack of potentiator dependence of 791T/36 immunotoxin is in keeping with these findings.
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PMID:Endocytosis of immunotoxin-791T/36-RTA by tumor cells in relation to its cytotoxic action. 200 18

Human Sertoli cells in vitro secrete a factor that stimulates steroid biosynthesis in purified human and rat Leydig cells as well as in the MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cell line. MA-10 cells were used as a bioassay system to follow the characterization and purification of the active principle in the conditioned medium of human Sertoli cells. The Leydig cell stimulatory factor is a thermo-labile and trypsin-sensitive protein retained onto 10,000 mol wt (MW) cut-off filters. The following scheme was used to purify the active protein: concentration by ammonium sulfate (80%) precipitation, followed by dialysis using molecularporous membrane tubing of MW cut-off 12,000-14,000, heparin-agarose, Concanavalin-A-Sepharose, and immobilized reactive textile dye affinity chromatography. Yellow 86 and green 19 dyes immobilized on agarose matrix were used. This procedure resulted in the rapid (less than 24-h) purification of a 79,000 +/- 6,082 (n = 3; under denaturating conditions) MW protein which stimulated Leydig cell steroid biosynthesis 25-fold at picomolar concentrations. The MW of the biologically active protein was further confirmed to be around 80,000 by gel filtration chromatography. This 80,000 MW human Sertoli cell-secreted protein (hSCSP-80) was shown to be different from human transferrin, human serum albumin, and rat testibumin. hSCSP-80, by modulating Leydig cell steroid biosynthesis, may play a significant role in the regulation of testicular function.
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PMID:Identification and purification of a human Sertoli cell-secreted protein (hSCSP-80) stimulating Leydig cell steroid biosynthesis. 202 54

Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC115) has been accepted for 20 years as an androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumor. Recently, the growth of the tumor was also found to be stimulated by pharmacological, but not physiological, doses of glucocorticoid. In a serum-free culture system [Ham's F-12:Eagle's minimal essential medium (1:1, v/v) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumin], we have established that 10(-8) M testosterone, or 10(-6) M dexamethasone significantly stimulates the growth of SC-3 cells (a cloned cell line from a SC115 tumor) via androgen and glucocorticoid receptors, respectively. Recently, we demonstrated that the testosterone-induced growth of SC-3 cells is mediated through autocrine fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-like peptide(s). In the present study, mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced growth of SC-3 cells were investigated. Serum-free conditioned medium obtained from 10(-6) M dexamethasone-stimulated SC-3 cells was fractionated by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography; one sharp peak of growth-stimulatory activity for SC-3 cells, eluted at 1.3 M NaCl, was identified. When the peak fraction was added to serum-free medium, the shape of SC-3 cells changed from an epithelial to a fibroblast-like appearance, similar to that induced with testosterone or basic (b)FGF. Furthermore, the growth-stimulatory activity induced with the peak fraction as well as testosterone or bFGF was markedly inhibited by anti-bFGF antibody immunoglobulin G (75 to 90% inhibition was obtained), and the specific binding of 125I-bFGF on SC-3 cells was significantly inhibited by the peak fraction. These results suggest that the glucocorticoid-induced growth of SC-3 cells is also mediated through FGF-like peptide(s) in an autocrine mechanism, which is very similar to that induced by testosterone, if not identical.
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PMID:Proliferation of Shionogi carcinoma 115 cells by glucocorticoid-induced autocrine heparin-binding growth factor(s) in serum-free medium. 203 38

The cerebral-to-large vessel hematocrit ratio (alpha) was measured using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with brain tumors. SPECT was performed following intravenous injection of 99mTc-labelled red blood cell and 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin with an interval of 72 hr. In a series of seven subjects, the mean value of "alpha" in tumor (0.74 +/- 0.13) was lower than that (0.83 +/- 0.14) in normal brain tissue. This result may be due to the increased flow of red blood cells in tumor.
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PMID:[Measurement of hematocrit of brain tumor using SPECT]. 204 3


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