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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study describes the distribution and frequency of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), androgen receptor (AR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in a large series of patients with primary metastatic breast cancer. 329 patients were in this series. All 4 steroid hormone receptors were present in the population: ER was positive in 53%, PR was positive in 38%, AR was positive for 31%, and GR was positive in 52%. Next, the distribution of ERs as well as the distributions of PR, AR, and GR values seemed unimodal. There was a very high correlation between any steroid hormone receptor value expressed as either fmol/mg of cytoplasmic protein or fmol/mg of breast tumor. Of more importance was that alternate methods of data expression did not alter the classification of values as positive or negative. No correlation was found between any of the steroid hormone receptors and laterality of the breast tumor, location and size of the primary tumor, extent of disease, or type of tissue assayed. None of the steroid hormone receptors correlated with age. There was a strong correlation noted between ER values and menopausal status. Neither PR, AR, nor GR was significantly associated with menopausal status. ER status was correlated with axillary nodal status, with the ER positive group containing a high proportion of node-negative patients. Finally, quantitative analysis of steroid receptor hormone values demonstrated correlations among other receptors. Plotting values of any 1 receptor vs. any other receptor resulted in a positive Kendall rank test correlation which was highly significant.
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PMID:Distribution, frequency, and quantitative analysis of estrogen, progesterone, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in human breast cancer. 42 88

The specific estrogen receptor in the cytosol of human breast cancer tissue was assayed in 217 primary cases. The specific progesterone receptor was also assayed in 48 cases as evidence of estrogen action on the tissue. Both receptors were positive in 45.8% of all cases. Plasma 17beta-estradiol and progesterone were assayed concomitantly with these steroid receptors. The higher hormone levels were found in the cases with fewer receptor binding sites. The relationship between 17beta-estradiol levels in tumor cytosol and the number of binding sites was more clearly observed. Plasma prolactin levels, however, showed no correlation with the number of receptor binding sites or the plasma levels of sex steroids. None of these assayed substances had a clear correlation with the histological type of tumor or the clinical stage of the disease.
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PMID:Estrogen and progesterone receptors in human breast cancer with concomitant assay of plasma 17beta-estradiol, progesterone, and prolactin levels. 42 16

A total of 105 patients with lobular carcinoma of the breast were seen at two hospitals between 1966 and 1978. Mammography was found to be of limited value in the preoperative assessment of these patients. As reported by others, there was a high incidence of bilateral lobular neoplasia. In the patients with lobular carcinoma in situ for whom follow-up data were available, all were alive and well. In contrast to this, infiltrating lobular carcinoma was found to be as malignant a lesion as any other infiltrating breast cancer regardless of the operative procedure performed. These latter tumors were found to bind substantial levels of estrogen receptor proteins. From the information gained, it is suggested that early hormonal manipulation and/or chemotherapy may be advantageous in the patient with recurrent infiltrating lobular carcinoma in particular.
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PMID:Experience with lobular carcinoma of the breast. Emphasis on recent aspects of management. 43 63

85 patients with metastatic or surgically unrecsectable primary breast cancer who had had 1 or more steroid hormone receptor assays performed immediately before the institution of endocrine therapy were studied retrospectively to determine any influence of steroid hormone receptors on response rate to endocrine therapy. Included in addition to effects of estrogen receptor (ER) status are the effects of androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) on therapy perfornamce. Of 18 patients whose tumor contained PR, 11 responded to endocrine therapy, compared with 8 of 26 patients with low or absent PR. PR increased the predictive index of the ER in an group of patients who had received no prior therapy, but it did not help in patients who had received prior endocrine therapy. 0 of 4 patients whose tumors were ER negative but PR positive responded to endocrine therapy. Present trends suggest a possible association between AR and GR and response to endocrine therapy. A cut-off value of 10 fmol/mg of cytoplasmic protein was needed to make these trends apparent. The distributions of AR and GR values for responders and nonresponders were not significantly different. Knowledge of AR status does not increase the protective index in ER-positive or ER-negative tumors. GR positivity may increase the predictive index in ER-positive tumors, but not in ER-negative ones.
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PMID:Relationship between the progesterone, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptor and response rate to endocrine therapy in metastatic breast cancer. 44 96

Tissue specimens from 55 female patients with benign breast disease were assayed for estrogen receptor. Twenty-one of 55 patients (38%) had tumors which contained significant amounts of estrogen receptor (greater than 10 femtomoles/mg protein). Fibroadenomas possessed estrogen receptor more frequently than fibrocystic disease or other benign breast tumors. Estrogen receptor positivity did not correlate with laterality of the tumor; location or size of the largest nodule. Patients with estrogen receptor positive tumors had a mean age of 26.9 years compared to 36.4 years for patients with estrogen receptor negative tumors (p less than 0.01). Twenty of 46 (43%) premenopausal patients had benign tumors which were estrogen receptor positive compared to zero of 8 postmenopausal patients (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Estrogen receptor values in patients with benign breast disease. 45 47

The possibility of differentiating estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer using incorporation studies with labeled uridine as a precursor of RNA metabolism is described. The purpose of this study was to explore inadequate function of the estrogen receptor as an alternative or supplementary aid in selecting patients for hormonal manipulation. The disadvantage of the test is that only hormone dependence of a proliferating tumor cell population can be evaluated. Highly differentiated breast cancer cells exhibit the greatest estrogen sensitivity. The hormone-dependent tumors of premenopausal women show an increase in RNA synthesis, whereas uridine incorporation appeared to be inhibited in postmenopausal women.
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PMID:[Effect of estradiol on RNA biosynthesis of human breast carcinoma cells in vitro]. 45 27

This study reports a statistical analysis of a series of 337 (of 1200 tested) cases of mammary gland tumors for whom complete clinical information was available; estrogen receptor (ER) content was analyzed at various stages of breast cancer with regard to pathologic characteristics, such as the size of the tumor and involvement of axillary nodes, with respect to menopausal status and age of patient. This correlation study showed that primary carcinomas, including lobular carcinomas, and recurrences or metastases were characterized by similar frequencies of response to the ER test (68% positive, 26% negative, and 6% borderline), whereas normal breast tissue was characterized by a higher frequency of negative results (with only 3% positive, 71% negative, and 26% borderline). A shift to higher ER-level values was seem among postmenopausal patients vs. premenopausal ones. At the same time, an increase in ER concentrations with patient age was observed. In postmenopausal, but not in premenopausal, patients clinical stage of the tumor seemed to influence ER content; for these patients, an increase in tumor size was accompanied by a decrease in ER levels. The apparent association constant of the receptors does not appear to be related to either the type of tumor tissue or the clinical stage of the tumor, age, or menopausal status of the patient.
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PMID:Clinical data and estradiol receptor evaluation in breast cancer biopsies. 46 74

The estrogen receptor (ER) level in carcinoma of the breast is a useful predictor of response to hormonal therapy. Metastatic disease may not have the same level of ER as the primary. In a series of 37 patients who had simultaneous ER determination in both primary neoplasm and regional nodal metastasis there was 81% agreement. The true ER character of the tumor would have been missed in seven patients if only the primary tumor had been sampled. The possible reasons for this discrepancy are discussed. We feel that the nodal metastatic deposit may reflect the true nature of the ER status because it represents a purer concentration of tumor cells as well as representing the aggressive element of the tumor.
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PMID:Comparison of estrogen receptor levels in primary and regional metastatic carcinoma of the breast. 46 82

The proliferative activity of breast cancer has been analyzed in relation to the hormonal characteristics of the host and of the tumor for 199 patients. The analyses of labeling index frequency distributions of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and negative (ER-) cancers from premenopausal and postmenopausal patients have allowed us to identify three different kinetic groups. A first group, with a very low proliferative activity, includes ER+ cancers from postmenopausal patients; a second group, with an intermediate proliferative activity, includes ER+ cancers from premenopausal and ER- cancers from postmenopausal patients; and a third group, with a very high proliferative activity, includes ER- cancers from premenopausal patients. Generally, the amount of estrogen receptors in ER+ cancers is inversely correlated with the proliferative activity. Lower levels of ER in premenopausal in comparison to postmenopausal patients were found in low proliferative activity tumors.
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PMID:Relationship between proliferative activity and estrogen receptors in breast cancer. 47 75

Studies show that premenopausal women have much lower levels of available cytoplasmic estrogen receptors than postmenopausal women. This study evaluates the levels of estradiol and estrone in tumor tissue cytosols of 11 premenopausal and 20 postmenopausal women, and relates these to estrogen receptors and 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity of the tumor samples. Estrone and estradiol levels were measured using highly specific antiestrodiol and antiestrone antisera supplied by the National Institutes of Health. The results show that tumor cytosol estradiol content is significantly higher in the premenopausal group than in the postmenopausal group. Endogenous tumor estrone, however, did not differ significantly in the pre-and postmenopausal groups. Higher levels of estradiol were noted in the ER (estrogen receptor)+premenopausal than in the ER- premenopausal patients. Significant lower levels were observed in the ER-postmenopausal than the ER+postmenopausal patients. These differences may be due in part to the tight binding of estradiol in ER+premenopausal group and the high 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the ER-postmenopausal tumors. These findings indicate that false negative results of assays in the premenopausal women is not related to the saturation of receptor sites by endogenous estrogens. Although the role of high levels of 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in ER negative tumor is not clear, this enzyme, along with other steroid metabolizing enzymes, may be useful in controlling active steroids which affect the pathogenesis of mammary tumors.
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PMID:Relationship between estrogen receptors, 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and estrogen content in human breast cancer. 49 63


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