Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The adenosine deaminase-resistant purine deoxynucleoside 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA) is markedly toxic in vitro to nondividing and proliferating normal human lymphocytes and to many leukemia cell specimens. The CdA is also effective against mouse L1210 leukemia in vivo. The present investigations have examined the pharmacology, chemotherapeutic activity, and toxicity of CdA in nine patients with advanced hematologic malignancies refractory to conventional therapy. When administered by continuous intravenous infusion, the deoxyadenosine analog was well tolerated. As monitored by radioimmunoassay, plasma CdA levels rose gradually during the infusions. The CdA was not deaminated significantly. In all patients with leukemia, the CdA lowered the blast count by at least 50%. In one patient with a T-cell leukemia-lymphoma, and in another patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis, the CdA infusion eliminated all detectable blasts from the blood and bone marrow. In a patient with a diffuse lymphoma complicated by severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia, CdA treatment quickly terminated the hemolytic process. Bone marrow suppression represented the dose-limiting toxicity, and was related to plasma CdA levels, cumulative drug dosage, and the rapid release of CdA that accompanied tumor cell lysis.
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PMID:Antileukemic and immunosuppressive activity of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine. 658 95

Although the existence of subclinical Pneumocystis carinii infection in pediatric patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies has been documented, similar data are lacking in adults. In addition, data are needed to define the epidemiology of this agent in adult malignancies to assess the validity of the methodology employed in antigen detection, and to elucidate the value of these methods in the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and prognosis of P carinii infection in adults with cancer. The study was designed to determine the incidence of P carinii antigenemia in ambulatory patients with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. The authors also sought to determine if antigenemia as detected by a counterimmunoelectrophoresis test correlated with any clinical parameter. Patients included in the study were ambulatory, asymptomatic, afebrile, adult cancer patients seen in the clinic for follow-up or treatment. Coded sera were electrophoresed against high-titered rabbit antiserum to P carinii organisms. Two hundred forty-seven patients were studied, including 172 hematologic malignancies (average age, 57 years), 109 men and 63 women; 75 solid tumors (average age, 55 years), 39 women and 36 men. One hundred three healthy adults served as controls. Only five patients had positive antigen (2%). All of these patients had hematologic malignancies and were women. None of the control sera were antigen-positive. We conclude that the incidence of P carinii antigenemia in asymptomatic adults with neoplastic disease is extremely low. A positive P carinii antigen in the absence of clinical symptoms most likely represents subclinical infection. Positive antigen does not always indicate active disease, but probably reflects mobilization of antigen during generalized inflammatory response or possible pulmonary insult. In making the decision to treat consideration should be given to clinical presentation and history.
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PMID:Incidence of Pneumocystis carinii antigenemia in ambulatory cancer patients. 660

Abnormal diphenylhexatriene fluorescence polarization measurements (FP values) of plasma have previously been reported in patients with hematologic malignancies. However, the biological significance of this measurement is unclear. We have prospectively studied plasma from 39 patients with leukemia and lymphoma as well as normal donors for total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and lipoprotein-cholesterol fractions, and correlated these values with measured FP values. Total triglyceride, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, and FP values were all strongly correlated with clinical and biochemical measures of tumor burden and varied directly with the presence of malignancy. Although the presence of abnormal FP values was confirmed in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, it was not a particularly sensitive measure for minimal tumor and it appeared to correlate directly with other measures of lipids and cholesterol, particularly triglyceride. It is suggested that further studies of conventional plasma lipids and lipoproteins be pursued in order to elucidate the apparently pervasive alterations in lipid metabolism present in these patients.
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PMID:Fluorescence polarization as a parameter of plasma lipids in patients with hematologic malignancies. 664 2

Patients with group G streptococcal bactermia represented 10.8% of those with beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia and 0.3% of all those with bacteremia between 1970 and 1980 at Mayo Clinic-affiliated hospitals. The most frequent portal of entry was the skin, usually in cases with preexisting edema due to previous surgical removal, irradiation, or tumor infiltration of lymph nodes, or to chronic venous insufficiency. The majority of these patients had underlying hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. Clinical response to therapy with beta-lactam antibiotics was rapid.
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PMID:Group G streptococcal bacteremia: clinical study and review of the literature. 684 2

Serum ferritin was measured in a variety of hematologic malignancies at presentation, in remission following therapy, and in relapse. Ferritin was strikingly increased in all acute leukemias at presentation and in relapse, in the blastic crisis of CML, and in smouldering leukemia. Remission in both ALL and ANLL was associated with a reduction of serum ferritin, and this normalization was a function of remission duration. In the malignant lymphomas serum ferritin was related to tumor histology. Highest levels were found in Hodgkin disease and histiocytic lymphoma, normal levels in lymphocytic lymphoma, and intermediate levels in mixed histiocytic-lymphocytic lymphoma. In all cases, remission was associated with normalization of serum ferritin. These correlations suggest that serum ferritin measurements may be of clinical usefulness in the initial evaluation and in the assessment of response to therapy in patients with acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma.
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PMID:Serum ferritin in hematologic malignancies. 700 94

Flow cytometry of cellular DNA content revealed ploidy abnormalities in 15% of 170 patients with various leukemias, in 50% of 26 patients with malignant lymphomas, and in 68% of 110 patients with multiple myeloma, for an overall incidence of DNA content abnormality of 37% in 306 patients with hematologic malignancies. Since the incidence of ploidy abnormality in over 100 solid tumors exceeded 90%. DNA flow cytometry is also ideally suited to screen for bone marrow metastases. Cell separation by centrifugal elutriation was shown to permit enrichment of aneuploid cells, including one example where cells with abnormal DNA content were not recognized in the unfractionated sample. Biparametric measurements of acridine orange-stained cells for DNA and RNA content analysis were suitable to enhance the discriminatory power of flow cytometric detection of lymphoma and myeloma tumor cells in heterogeneous cell populations of bone marrow and lymph nodes. DNA/RNA measurements in leukemia, (the disease category with the lowest incidence of abnormal DNA mode) revealed a markedly higher mean RNA content in acute myeloid leukemia compared with normal or acute lymphoblastic leukemia bone marrow. While these different RNA content patterns were found in whole marrow, cell separation by centrifugal elutriation of normal marrow disclosed cell subpopulations of myeloid precursor cells with a RNA content pattern similar to that of unseparated AML marrow. Hence, the described differences in RNA content between normal and AML marrow seem to be related to the greater heterogeneity of differentiated cells in normal marrow and per se do not appear to be a unique feature of the leukemia disease process.
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PMID:Characterization of hematologic malignancies by flow cytometry. 700 71

We have systematically investigated a variety of fixation and plastic embedding procedures and arrived at a method that allows processing of approximately 2-micron sections of bone marrow biopsies for examination by light microscopy. More importantly, this method permits the use of enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures that are rapidly becoming mandatory in the diagnosis of hematologic malignancies. Over 200 full-length bone marrow biopsy specimens were fixed in a mixture of paraformaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and acrolein, dehydrated in acetone, and embedded in a mixture of methyl and glycolmethacrylate. All procedures were carried out at 4 degrees C. Decalcification was unnecessary. Sections 2-micron thick were cut and incubated for peroxidase, naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, acid phosphatase (with and without tartrate), or alkaline phosphatase and then examined by light microscopy. Specimens could be prepared for examination within 48 hr. This approach, which provides definitive markers for various hematopoietic cell lines in intact tissues, is invaluable when aspirated material is unavailable. It is also useful in the analysis of focal lesions of bone marrow due to inflammation or neoplasia and shows potential as an investigative tool. For example, we have discovered that early myelofibrosis is accompanied by a marked increase in the number of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemistry and immunohistochemistry on biopsy specimens of pathologic human bone marrow. 701 55

Myelofibrosis, a rare childhood disorder, has been reported as an associated complication of certain hematologic malignancies or as an isolated idiopathic process. In this report, we describe a patient with metastatic neuroblastoma whose initial presentation included the findings of myelofibrosis and leukoerythroblastosis. The myelofibrosis regressed with chemotherapy and did not recur when the patient's tumor reappeared.
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PMID:Myelofibrosis in neuroblastoma. 706 95

Monocyte derived macrophages were isolated from the peripheral blood of 66 patients with either breast, colon, gynecological or hematological cancers. The macrophages from the breast and gynecologic cancer patients generally did not acquire enhanced cytotoxicity for human tumor cells after incubation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, when the macrophages isolated from colon and hematologic cancer patients were studied, more than 50% of these patients possessed cytotoxic macrophages. LPS induced macrophage mediated cytotoxicity was also found to be inhibited by factors present in many cancer patient's plasma. Twenty-three of the 50 cancer patients studied possessed a plasma inhibitor capable of suppressing macrophage mediated cytotoxicity by more than 50%. Furthermore, of these 50 patients, 47 were incapable of killing the tumor cells in vitro either because they possessed nonresponsive macrophages and/or they possessed a plasma inhibitory factor. Thus, although macrophage cytotoxic function may be normal in some patients with cancer, cytotoxicity may be inhibited in some patients by factors in autologous plasma thereby rendering the macrophages ineffective in vivo.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of cancer patient's macrophages for tumor cells. 709 92

We conducted a phase II trial of Vindesine in 24 patients, mostly pretreated (23/24 fully evaluable for therapeutic response) with advanced hematologic malignancies. The drug was administered at weekly bolus doses of 3 mg/m2 i.v. Overall, objective tumor regressions were seen in 9 of 23 patients. The drug appeared effective in extraosseous plasmacytoma (1 complete response, 1 partial response and 1 minor response in 6 patients). Further phase II trials in these 2 diseases are justified. In addition, 3 partial responses in 7 patients with advanced lymphoma were also obtained. Previous vinca-alkaloid exposure did not adversely affect the response rate: 8 of 9 responsive patients had previously received vincristine and/or vinblastine. Drug-related toxic effects were mainly represented by manageable and reversible neurotoxicity and by moderate leukopenia with apparent lack of thrombocytopenia. In heavily pretreated patients, leukopenia may be occasionally severe: in these conditions a starting dose of 2 mg/m2 seems more appropriate.
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PMID:Phase II evaluation of vindesine in mycosis fungoides, extraosseous plasmacytoma and other hematologic malignancies. 714 57


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