Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a product of activated macrophages that is cytotoxic to tumor cells, could be used to purge tumor cells from bone marrow before autologous bone marrow transplantation for hematologic malignancies and/or solid tumors. To determine whether exposure to TNF-alpha would have an inhibitory effect on hematopoietic progenitors, we incubated normal human bone marrow with a wide range of concentrations of recombinant human TNF. In order to mimic the conditions that would be used in bone marrow purging, bone marrow cell suspensions were incubated with TNF in doses ranging from 500 to 100,000 U/ml for 24 hours, and were assayed for colony formation in agar. We noted a dose-dependent inhibition of total colony-forming units (CFU) at days 7 and 14, with 50% inhibition occurring at 60,000 U/ml of TNF. TNF exerted a differential effect on CFU so that colony formation by erythroid (CFU-E), multipotential (CFU-GEMM), and macrophage (CFU-M) progenitors was suppressed to a greater extent than that by granulocyte progenitors (CFU-G). However, even after preincubation with TNF at high doses such as 100,000 U/ml, the inhibitory effects of TNF could be abolished by washing cells before culturing. This study demonstrates that hematopoietic precursors survive treatment with TNF at doses that have been shown to be cytotoxic to tumor cells. Although TNF has a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of erythroid, multipotential, and macrophage progenitors in vitro, this effect depends on continuous exposure to TNF for more than 24 hours. Thus, TNF may be useful as a bone marrow purging agent against tumor cells, with relative sparing of normal marrow elements.
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PMID:The effect of tumor necrosis factor on normal human hematopoietic progenitors. 367 20

Compliance in oncology clinic attendance was prospectively evaluated over a 12-month period at Harlem Hospital Center, an inner city municipal facility serving a predominantly black population. One hundred patients were followed (97 blacks, 2 Hispanics, 1 white) with an average age of 60 years. There were 41 men and 59 women. Thirty-one patients had breast cancer, 23 lung cancer, 26 miscellaneous solid tumors, and 20 hematologic malignancies. Forty-two patients received chemotherapy, 14 hormonal therapy, and 44 supportive care alone. Of the 657 appointments scheduled for the total group, 583 (89%) were kept. All scheduled appointments were kept by 53% of patients and 80% or more were kept by 69% of patients. There was no statistically significant difference in clinic attendance according to sex, age younger than 50 years, tumor category, or mode of therapy. Reasons for missing appointments included the patient forgot or was confused (7 cases), weather (5), transportation difficulties (5), clerical error (3), and refusal of further chemotherapy (1). A high rate of clinic attendance is reported in this group of patients with multiple social and financial problems. Such patients are appropriate candidates for treatment protocols requiring frequent clinic visits.
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PMID:Oncology clinic attendance at an inner city hospital. 373 Oct 30

Since 1971, 8,483 women with primary breast cancer participated in seven trials evaluating adjuvant chemotherapy. Leukemia occurred in only three of 2,068 patients treated by operation alone. The cumulative risk was 0.06% after 10 years in those free of metastases or a second primary tumor, and 0.27% in those with tumor. Thus, leukemia is not an important factor in the natural history of breast cancer. Five of 646 women receiving postoperative regional radiation developed leukemia, an overall risk of 1.39 +/- .49% at 10 years. Twenty-seven cases of leukemia (0.5%) and seven of myeloproliferative syndrome (0.1%) were recorded in 5,299 patients who received L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM)-containing regimens. The maximum cumulative risk of leukemia in chemotherapy recipients (leukemia of any type and myeloproliferative syndrome) was 1.68 +/- .33% at 10 years following operation. The risk excluding those with myeloproliferative syndrome was 1.29 +/- .28%. The risk of leukemia in patients free of metastases or a second primary was 1.11 +/- .30% at 10 years, and when combined with myeloproliferative syndrome, it was 1.54 +/- .36%; risks not significantly greater than observed following radiation (P = .58 and .29). No cases of leukemia were observed during the 2 years of chemotherapy and none have occurred after the seventh postoperative year. Comparisons with the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results tumor registries (SEER) data indicate an increased relative risk of acute myelogenous leukemia following postoperative regional radiation (P less than .01) and adjuvant chemotherapy (P less than .001). The findings indicate that hematologic disorders are side effects of both radiation and alkylating agents used in the adjuvant treatment of primary breast cancer. The risk of such events is lower than that reported following treatment of other solid tumors and hematologic malignancies by chemotherapy. The benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer exceeds the risk of leukemia. Since chemotherapy is not uniformly beneficial, efforts should be directed toward identifying responders so that only those who will benefit are exposed to the risk.
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PMID:Leukemia in breast cancer patients following adjuvant chemotherapy or postoperative radiation: the NSABP experience. 390 49

Human monocyte derived macrophages obtained from both normal donors and cancer patients can carry out antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to human tumor targets. The macrophages from breast and hematologic cancer patients with Stage I, II or III disease and colon cancer patients with Stage III disease killed tumor cells less effectively than the macrophages from normal donors. In contrast, the macrophages from colon cancer patients with Stage I and II disease killed the tumor targets as well as the macrophages from normal donors. Macrophages from head and neck cancer patients with Stage I and II disease killed tumor cells less effectively than the macrophages obtained from normal donors. In contrast, macrophages obtained from head and neck cancer patients with Stage III disease killed the tumor targets as well as the macrophages from normal donors. It must also be noted that individual patients did not always conform to the group pattern.
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PMID:A comparison of antibody dependent cellular cytotoxic potential in macrophages obtained from normal donors and cancer patients. 391 Aug 83

Five patients with microbiologically documented pulmonary infection caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria (Mycobacterium fortuitum and M chelonei) in patients with malignant diseases are described. These cases occurred over a seven-year period (1976 to 1983) and were found in patients with solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Colonization (40 patients) with these organisms was far more frequent than true infection (five patients). Factors predisposing to infection were (1) antineoplastic chemotherapy and (2) previous pulmonary involvement with malignant disease. Mortality in these patients was due primarily to the underlying tumor. Although pulmonary infection caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients with cancer is relatively uncommon, it might become an important diagnostic consideration in the presence of pulmonary infiltrates, especially in patients treated with intensive chemotherapeutic regimens.
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PMID:Pulmonary disease caused by rapidly growing mycobacteria in patients with cancer. 397 39

Serum lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) was measured with a recently described procedure in 108 healthy subjects and in 138 patients with a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. At the time of serum sampling, 128 patients had active disease and 10 patients had no evidence of disease. LSA was elevated in 104 of 128 (81.2%) patients with active disease, while carcinoembryonic antigen, analyzed in 74, was elevated only in 21 (28.4%) (P less than 0.05). Sensitivity of the serum LSA test ranged from 66% for breast and gastrointestinal cancer to 92% for lung cancer. In patients with lung cancer, ovarian cancer or Hodgkin's disease, LSA was correlated with the extent of disease and it also proved to be useful in following the course of disease. Our preliminary data indicate that this test can be used as a monitor of tumor burden.
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PMID:Lipid bound sialic acid in cancer patients. 400 46

Results of an ongoing clinical study of a mismatched double-stranded (ds) RNA, termed Ampligen, in patients with metastatic cancer are described. In a pilot study of Ampligen (lot 1) involving mostly hematologic malignancies, patients received cumulative doses up to approximately 450 mg without untoward effects. Evidence of biologic/antitumor effects was observed (3/5 patients) by monitoring tumor-specific markers or tumor cell morphology. In patients with solid tumors receiving lot 2, Ampligen cumulative doses over 4 g were well tolerated. The drug was given by intravenous infusion (10-80 mg/infusion, twice weekly), in some instances for more than 1 year, without clinically significant side effects. Specifically, no evidence of hematologic, liver, or renal toxicity, which was previously noted with other dsRNAs, was observed. Side effects consisted of occasional mild fatigue or flu-like symptoms. Fever, when encountered, was transient and low grade (less than 100.5 degrees F). Importantly, an analysis of patient sera for dsRNA antibodies revealed that no patient had evidence of specific antibodies directed against Ampligen. Other dsRNAs cause up to a 60% incidence of antibody formation. Additionally, a novel method was developed to monitor Ampligen blood levels. In a survey of seven patients, Ampligen had a mean plasma half-life of 23 min. Ampligen administration can also result in activation of both natural killer (NK) cells and a lymphocyte, interferon-associated, intracellular enzyme. Dose-dependent antitumor effects were seen in several solid tumors; in doses of 10-40 mg, 3/9 patients showed stable disease for up to 1 year. At the 80-mg dose level, 2/5 patients showed tumor regressions (mixed and partial responses).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical studies with ampligen (mismatched double-stranded RNA). 408 35

Monocyte derived macrophages from breast and gynecologic cancer patients generally do not acquire enhanced cytotoxicity for human tumor cells after incubation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) whereas the macrophages isolated from colon and hematologic cancer patients are cytotoxic. However, it was also found that 75% of the patients possessing cytotoxic macrophages also had a plasma factor which suppressed macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. The plasma inhibitory factor obtained from a colon cancer patient was purified utilizing Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and 4 fractions (A, B, C and D) with inhibitory activity, were isolated. When a plasma sample obtained from a colon cancer patient found to be lacking the inhibitor of macrophage cytotoxicity was fractionated, 2 fractions were isolated with inhibitory activity. These fractions corresponded to fractions A and C of the inhibitory sample. Pooled AB+ serum was also fractionated and no inhibitory fractions could be isolated. The inhibitory factors were further characterized and it was found that fractions A and B appear to be inhibitors of lysosomal enzyme activity and fraction C appears to be an inhibitor of protease activity. When the plasma from cancer patients known to possess an inhibitor of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity was examined for the presence of fraction A, B, C and D, it was found that every colon cancer patient studied possessed inhibitors A, B, C and D. Breast cancer patients possessed some combination of A, B and C but all lacked fraction D and the gynecologic cancer patients possessed some combination of factors A, B and D but they all lacked inhibitor C.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of cancer patients' macrophages for tumor cells: purification and characterization of plasma inhibitory factors obtained from colon cancer patients. 634 Dec 66

Reactivation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) with 2-mercaptoethanol and EDTA increased the electrophoretic detection rate of CK-BB from 34% to 78% in 58 hospitalized patients with various malignancies. Patients with solid tumors showed the largest and patients with hematologic malignancies the smallest percentage increase in CK-BB after reactivation. For serum from 50 hospitalized patients without cancer, reactivation resulted in detectable CK-BB in two patients; the CK-BB band was never seen in 15 healthy adults. For reasons unknown, five of eight patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type showed CK-BB in serum after reactivation, as did two of five patients suspected of having this disorder. Serum CK-BB may be a useful tumor marker if reactivation with a thiol and EDTA is used immediately after collection.
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PMID:Reactivation of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme BB in patients with malignancies. 643 14

The clinical and pathological findings in four cases of fulminant hepatic failure due to massive infiltration of the liver by acute leukemia or lymphoma are reported. Liver abnormalities were found simultaneously with or led to the discovery of hematologic malignancies, and consisted of marked hepatomegaly and severe hepatocellular insufficiency associated with hyperlactatemia. The blood malignancies were peculiar in their fast cellular growth and large tumor mass. Evolution was rapidly fatal in all these cases. In another patient, marked hepatomegaly and hyperlactatemia revealed the presence of a widespread lymphoma before the appearance of hepatocellular insufficiency. Immediate chemotherapy was instituted, and complete remission without hepatic complication was obtained. It is suggested that malignant hematological diseases with fast cellular growth may present as fulminant hepatic failure. In order to avoid a rapidly fatal outcome secondary to liver failure and metabolic disorders, early recognition of these malignancies is necessary so as to assure prompt administration of appropriate chemotherapy.
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PMID:Massive blastic infiltration of the liver: a cause of fulminant hepatic failure. 657 94


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