Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Delayed hypersensitivity reaction of 116 consecutive cases of urologic cancers were studied by skin tests. Ninety-one percent of those who were operable or free of diseases at least six months had positive skin reaction. All patients with inoperable or recurrent bladder, kidney, or testis tumor had negative skin reaction. All patients with operable prostatic cancer and 52% of those with inoperable prostatic cancer had positive skin reaction. Skin testing could provide useful data regarding the extent of tumor and operability. It is proposed that skin testing be included in routine preoperative evaluation of urologic cancers.
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PMID:Immunological status as a criterion for operability of genitourinary cancers. 123 70

A case of rectal carcinoid tumor with liver metastases is reported in which a markedly elevated serum acid phosphatase level was found. Tissue assays of the patient's tumor, liver metastasis, and uninvolved liver were performed which demonstrated very high tumor levels of acid phosphatase. The patient also had elevated plasma serotonin levels and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels and did not exhibit the carcinoid syndrome. Autopsy showed no prostate cancer or metastatic bone lesions. Serum acid phosphatase elevation may occur with carcinoid lesions of the rectum.
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PMID:Elevated serum acid phosphatase levels with rectal carcinoid tumor. 124 71

Prospective pathologic staging by pelvic lymphadenectomy in 60 patients with clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate disclosed a high incidence (35 per cent) of clinically silent and unsuspected lymph node metastases. When present, metastatic disease was frequently bilateral (57 per cent) and most commonly involved the obturator-hypogastric lymph nodes (87 per cent). Micrometastases alone were found in 5 patients and the potential significance of this finding on survival is discussed. Although the presence or absence of metastases could not be accurately predicted by histologic analysis of biopsy or prostatectomy specimens, the finding of undifferentiated tumor, marked anaplasia and penetration through the capsule correlated positively with nodal metastases. Pelvic lymphadenectomy is a safe and important diagnostic tool in the accurate staging of these patients. Its widespread use is advocated in patients with clinical stage B1, B2 and C tumors prior to definitive therapy. Based on the prospective data generated in this study lymphatic metastasis appears to be an early event in the spread of prostatic cancer.
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PMID:Prostatic carcinoma: incidence and location of unsuspected lymphatic metastases. 124 19

In view of the limitations associated with the present tumor markers for prostate cancer, we have examined the potential expression of two further markers, Cathepsin-D and pS2, in human prostate and attempted to link their concentrations with the histopathology of the tissue, the PSA levels and the androgenic status of the gland. Cathepsin-D and pS2 were measured in cytosol fractions obtained from 22 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 20 patients with prostate cancer (CaP) employing immunoassays specific for these markers. The concentrations of Cathepsin-D (BPH: mean +/- SEM = 18.50 +/- 1.88 nmol/g protein; CaP = 19.75 +/- 2.49 nmol/g protein) and pS2 (BPH = 1,024.7 +/- 348.06 ng/g protein; CaP = 1,513.88 +/- 268.60 ng/g protein) were not different in the two tissue types, whereas PSA in BPH tissue (1,952.27 +/- 249.93 micrograms/g protein) was significantly higher than the measurements in CaP (583.75 +/- 104.33 micrograms/g protein). However, none of the tumor marker concentrations correlated with the degree of differentiation of the tumors, and we were unable to establish any correlation with the levels of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the tissue. In conclusion, although Cathepsin-D and pS2 are expressed in prostate tissue, it is doubtful whether they will have an active role in the management of prostate cancer.
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PMID:The distribution of PSA, cathepsin-D, and pS2 in BPH and cancer of the prostate. 127 46

Serum values of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were determined in 180 patients prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy and in 40 patients prior to pelvic lymphadenectomy alone. In all tumor stages, PSA was superior to PAP in detecting cancer of the prostate. By PSA determination using a cutoff level of 4 ng/ml (Tandem assay), 28.8% of the patients with prostate cancer, stage pT2pN0M0, and 17.8% of the cases with a stage pT3pN0M0 tumor could not be detected. All these tumors had been noticed, however, by digital rectal examination. This indicates that PSA determination cannot replace digital rectal examination as a screening method for prostate cancer. In this study, it was possible neither by PSA nor by PAP to define a practicable cutoff level for patients with and without lymph node metastases. A clear differentiation between the stages pT2pN0M0 and pT3pN0M0 was not possible by either PSA or PAP alone.
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PMID:Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in the detection of early prostate cancer and in the prediction of regional lymph node metastases. 128 Nov 2

The usefulness of prostatic specific antigen (PA) was compared with that of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP). PA was determined in the serum of 2,183 patient examined by the mass screening for prostate cancer from 1987 to 1990. The serum samples of these patients were obtained from our serum bank. PA was measured by the E test "TOSOH" II (PA). The relationship of PA and PAP to prostate size estimated by digital rectal examination (DRE) and ultrasound tomography (US), and age was investigated. PA and PAP correlated with aging and prostate size estimated by DRE. However PA was more apparently related with these things. The correlation between PA and prostatic size estimated by US was relatively high (r = 0.53), but the correlation between PAP and prostate size estimated by US was low (r = 0.20). When the upper limit of normal range was set at 6.0 ng/ml, the sensitivity, specificity and efficiency was 64%, 97% and 62%, respectively. PA was more sensitive than PAP and could be more useful since none of the patients with prostate cancer was PAP positive and PA negative. We conclude that PA should be a reliable tumor marker in our mass screening system.
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PMID:[Prostatic specific antigen (PA) in mass screening for prostate cancer]. 128 53

The value of digital rectal examination, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, prostate-specific antigen, transrectal ultrasonography, and systematic-sextant biopsy in the identification of lymph node-positive patients before radical prostatectomy was analyzed in 103 men who had pelvic lymph node dissection, CT had a sensitivity of only 7% and a specificity of 96% in detecting lymph nodes, whereas magnetic resonance imaging had a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 100%. To evaluate the use of tumor volume in predicting lymph node metastasis, we counted the number of positive core biopsies and compared the results with the incidence of positive lymph nodes. If fewer than 5 positive core biopsies were considered negative for predicting lymph node metastasis, the sensitivity would be 67% (12 of 18), and the specificity 94% (50 of 53). To investigate tumor volume more precisely, we measured the extent of tumor volume in every biopsy as a percentage of the total biopsy core and added the percentage for the 6 biopsies. The lowest score was 10% (10% prostatic cancer in 1 of 6 cores), the highest score 580% (4 cores with 100% each and 2 with 90% each). The score was analyzed for sensitivity and specificity in predicting lymph node metastasis. If a score of 280% was used as a cutoff point, the sensitivity was 71% (10 of 14) and the specificity 91% (52 of 57). When we include the grading system by multiplying the percentage of tumor volume with tumor grade, the difference between the lymph node-positive state and lymph node-negative state becomes even more readily apparent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Digital rectal examination, imaging, and systematic-sextant biopsy in identifying operable lymph node-negative prostatic carcinoma. 128 72

A silver colloid technique for the staining of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) was applied to paraffin sections of 52 clinical prostate cancers, 5 incidental carcinomas of the prostate, 12 benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) specimens and 7 normal prostates. The mean numbers of silver-stained NORs (AgNORs) in these lesions were 3.12 +/- 0.52 in clinical cancer, 2.65 +/- 0.64 in incidental cancer, 1.66 +/- 0.16 in BPH, and 1.76 +/- 0.22 in normal prostate. There was a statistically significant difference in agNORs numbers between cancer and benign prostatic tissues (p < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed in AgNORs numbers between incidental and clinical carcinoma of the prostate. In clinical cancer, only poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma showed a statistically larger number of AgNORs than the well or moderately differentiated group (p < 0.02). Correlation between AgNORs numbers and clinical stage was not obvious. There was no relationship between the number of AgNORs and serum values of tumor markers such as PAP, PSA and gamma-Sm. Moreover, the AgNORs numbers did not show a relation to decreasing rates of serum marker levels during successful anti-androgen therapy. If the patients with prostate cancer were divided into two groups by 2.9 of AgNORs number, the group with the smaller number of AgNORs (n = 14) was found to have a tendency towards a longer disease-stabilizing period than the larger group (n = 17).
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PMID:Nucleolar organizer regions in prostate cancer. 128 98

Prostate cancer is a major health problem for the aging male population. Despite hormonal dependence, the inevitable emergence of androgen insensitive tumors, which have a dismal prognosis, highlights the need to develop prevention strategies such as chemoprevention. An acceptable agent must interfere with either the process of carcinogenesis or tumor growth, and have minimal toxicity. In clinical studies, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors have been shown to suppress serum and intraprostatic levels of dihydrotestosterone, an important promoter of prostate cancer, leading to reduction in prostate size and suppression of glandular cell activity as measured by prostate specific antigen secretion. In addition, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors have demonstrated an excellent safety profile and tolerability in 12 month controlled clinical trials. No significant metabolic effects have been observed in gonadotropin secretion, spermatogenesis, serum lipids or glucose tolerance. The efficacy and safety of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors in studies to date, combined with the androgen dependence of tumor production, strongly supports investigating their use for chemoprevention of prostate cancer.
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PMID:Chemoprevention strategies for prostate cancer: the role of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors. 128 94

DNA nuclear ploidy determined by flow cytometry was evaluated from prostate tissue in 51 patients with prostatic cancer who had undergone radical prostatectomy. DNA ploidy pattern was diploid in 46% and aneuploid in 54% of tumors. DNA ploidy was compared to histological tumor grading. 92 Aneuploidy was found in 0% of the tumors with Gleason score between 2 and 4 in 62% between 5 and 7 and in 50% between 8 and 10. Our results suggest there is no relationship between the two parameters.
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PMID:[Comparison between nuclear DNA and histologic grade of prostatic carcinoma]. 128


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