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 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 70 patients suspected of having pancreatic cancer, we prospectively compared results of seven diagnostic tests. Subsequent exploration (of 68) and liver biopsy (of two) demonstrated pancreatic cancer in 30, pancreatitis in seven, nonpancreatic neoplasms in nine and nonpancreatic non-neoplastic disease (or no disease) in 24. For detection of pancreatic disease, the best tests were the pancreatic-function test (cholecystokinin-stimulated enzyme outputs) and ultrasonography. The pancreatic scan was nonspecific (P less than 0.001), and thermography was insensitive (P less than 0.001). Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography and arteriography were significantly more sensitive than cytologic study in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (P less than 0.001). Therefore, when pancreatic cancer is suspected, abdominal ultrasound should be performed first, and if it is negative, a pancreatic-function test next. A positive result from either test warrants an endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for definitive diagnosis. This sequence identified 88 per cent of patients without pancreatic disease and 89 per cent with pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:A prospective comparison of current diagnostic tests for pancreatic cancer. 89 3

The epidemiological patterns for pancreatic and biliary cancers reveal more differences than similarities. Pancreatic carcinoma is common in western countries, although 2 Polynesian groups (New Zealand Maoris and native Hawaiians) have the highest rates internationally. In the United States the disease is rising in frequency, predominating in males and in blacks. The rates are elevated in urban areas, but geographic analysis uncovered no clustering of contiguous counties except in southern Louisiana. The origin of pancreatic cancer is obsure, but a twofold increased risk has been documented for cigarette smokers and diabetic patients. Alcohol, occupational agents, and dietary fat have been suspected, but not proven to be risk factors. Except for the rare hereditary form of pancreatitis, there are few clues to genetic predisposition. In contrast, the reported incidence of biliary tract cancer is highest in Latin American populations and American Indians. The tumor predominates in females around the world, except for Chinese and Japanese who show a male excess. In the United States the rates are higher in whites than blacks, and clusters of high-risk counties have been found in the north central region, the southwest, and Appalachia. The distribution of biliary tumors parallels that of cholesterol gallstones, the major risk factor for biliary cancer. Insights into biliary carcinogenesis depend upon clarification of lithogenic influences, such as pregnancy, obesity, and hyperlipoproteinemia, exogenous estrogens, familial tendencies, and ethnic-geographic factors that may reflect dietary habits. Noncalculous risk factors for biliary cancer include ulcerative colitis, clonorchiasis, Gardner's syndrome, and probably certain industrial exposures. Within the biliary tract, tumors of the gallbladder and bile duct show epidemiological distinctions. In contrast to gallbladder cancer, bile duct neoplasms predominate in males; they are less often associated with stones and more often with other risk factors. In some respects, bile duct and pancreatic tumors are alike. The male predominance of both tumors, an association between cholecystectomy and pancreatic cancer, and other considerations have prompted the notion that the same biliary carcinogens may affect the bile duct, ampulla of Vater, or, by reflux, the pancreatic duct. Various epidemiological and interdisciplinary approaches are needed to further clarify the origins of biliary tract and pancreatic cancers, but nutritional studies hold special promise in laying the groundwork for prevention of these tumors.
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PMID:Cancers of the pancreas and biliary tract: epidemiological considerations. 110 53

A case of adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas in a 13-year-old girl is reported. Some areas simulated an islet cell tumor by light microscopy, but contained numerous eosinophilic granules which were PAS-positive and diastase resistant. Ultrastructurally, the granules were large (960 mum-3000 mum in diameter) and electron-dense, resembling zymogen granules. These granules often showed focal to complete degeneration, occassionally being continuous with a myelin figure. The granules of true islet cell tumors are ultrastructurally distinctive and it is urged, therefore, that all pancreatic neoplasms in children be studied by histochemistry and electron microscopy. Carcinoma of the pancreas in childhood is a rare tumor, often with a rapid clinical course resulting in death. Morphologic separation of cases reported in the English language literature can be made on the basis of acinar differentiation. This feature has been suggested as a peculiarity of childhood pancreatic carcinoma. However, there is a suggestion that this phenomenon occurs in a small percentage of adult tumours as well. More extensive morphologic studies in adult pancreatic cancer may be warranted.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma of the pancreas in childhood. Report of a case and a review of the English language literature. 126 Jun 69

A 60-year-old male with elevated serum AFP levels is reported. Other tumor markers apart from AFP were normal. Serum AFP did not bind to Con A or Lentil-lectin by affinity chromatography. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography and endoscopic retrograded cholangiopancreatography demonstrated a tumor extending from the body to the tail of the pancreas. The tumor was strongly suggested to be an acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas, based on the histological findings of the resected specimen. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase method showed cancer cells to be positive for AFP. In Japan, only 27 cases of pancreatic cancer with elevated serum AFP level have been reported. This is the first Japanese case of pancreatic cancer in which the binding of serum AFP to lectins was investigated.
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PMID:Acinar cell carcinoma of the pancreas with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein levels: a case report and a review of 28 cases reported in Japan. 128 98

The incidence of periampullary cancer has been steadily rising in Korea. In the present study, we have reviewed 766 cases of surgically treated periampullary cancers, including 122 cases of our own, which were published in the Korean literature from 1984 to 1992. The 6th decade was the most prevalent age group, occupying 38% of the patients. The ratio of male of female was 1.7 to 1. Approximately 60% of lesion located at the head of the pancreas. Computed tomography which had 85% sensitivity was the most commonly employed modality for a diagnosis. The diagnostic sensitivity of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography was 72%, of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was 71%, and of ultrasonography was 54% in order of frequency. Tumor markers such as CA-19, CEA, and CA-125 were also studied in pancreatic cancer. The combinations of these markers recorded a higher positivity than using solely. The resection rate for lesions at the head of the pancreas was 21%, and that of distal common bile duct, ampulla of vater, and duodenum were 37%, 85%, and 50%, respectively. The morbidity and mortality rates after pancreatoduodenectomy were 44% and 12%, respectively. TNM staging revealed 66% of patients were in stage III, 26% in stage I, and 8% in stage II. The actual 5-year survival rates for cancer of the head of the pancreas was 11%, and that of duodenal cancer, distal choledochal cancer, and ampullary cancer were 21%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. In nonresected group, none survived over 18 months after treatment. Relatively high portion of lymph node metastatic patients may explain the poor survival observed in our series.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of periampullary cancer--review of 766 surgical experiences of 8 hospitals. 129 31

Monoclonal antibody drug conjugate A7 was prepared from a mouse splenocyte immunized against human colon cancer. A7 reacted with 80 percent of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer. A7 was bound covalently to neocarzinostatin (NCS) to form A7-NCS. A7-NCS had strong cytotoxic activity in vivo and in vitro study. A total of 77 patients with colorectal cancer, including the patients with liver, lung and peritoneal metastasis, were treated with A7-NCS. There were some tumor reduction of liver metastasis on CT scan and pain relief. Follow up study of colorectal cancer patients treated with monoclonal antibody drug conjugate A7-NCS was carried out, with comparing to those treated conventional chemotherapy. Survival rate of the patients with postoperative liver metastasis treated with A7-NCS was slightly higher than that of the patients treated with conventional intraarterial infusion chemotherapy. There was no difference between the group treated with A7-NCS and that treated with conventional chemotherapy in the overall postoperative survival. Patients given a higher dose of the conjugate had a higher survival rate. There were no serious adverse effects in the patients given A7-NCS. Human anti-mouse antibody (HAMA) was detected in all A7-NCS treated patients.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody-drug conjugate therapy for the patients with colorectal cancer. 130 22

Nd2 is a murine monoclonal antibody produced against a mucin fraction purified from xenografts of a human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990. Immunoperoxidase staining showed that the antigen recognized by Nd2 was present in 82.9% of pancreatic cancer tissues but not in tissues of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. However Nd2 antigen was found not to be elevated in the sera of patients with pancreatic cancer. Four days after injection of 111In-Nd2 into athymic nude mice bearing SW1990 xenograft there was a higher accumulation in the tumor compared to 111In-normal mouse IgG1. When these mice were scanned with a gamma camera, labeled Nd2 was shown to accumulate in the tumor rapidly on the 1st day after injection and by the 4th day tumor accumulation was more distinctly visualized than non-specific accumulation in liver. These results indicate that Nd2 has high specificity and reactivity for pancreatic cancer and may have possible applicants in radioimmunodetection or targeting of therapeutic drugs in pancreatic cancer.
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PMID:Tumor localization and biodistribution with radiolabeled monoclonal antibody against pancreatic cancer in tumor-bearing nude mice. 130 26

Thirty-eight human pancreatic cancer specimens were studied for the reactivity of cancer cells with monoclonal antibodies against insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, calcitonin, and with argyrophilic reactivity. Immunoreactivity with one or several antibodies or argyrophilic reactivity were found in 30 (79%) cases. In 17 cases, the number of endocrine cells was excessive and morphologically consistent with the mixed ductal-islet tumor. Although most immunoreactive cells were located at the base of the malignant glands, some had intraepithelial location and were also present in the invasive portion of cancers, indicating their malignant nature. Endocrine cell proliferation were found in the pancreatic tissue adjacent to the carcinoma in 8 out of 12 specimens examined. In these cases, the immunoreactive cells were either distributed among the acinar cells or ductal cells. More endocrine cells were found in the hyperplastic ducts; however, no correlation was found between the degree of hyperplasia and the occurrence of any type of immunoreactive cells. Although several types of endocrine cells occurred in different pancreatic regions (head, body, and tail), PP cells were restricted to tissues taken from the head of the pancreas. Experimental data and similar observations by other investigators led us to conclude that participation of endocrine cells in ductal-type carcinomas is a general phenomenon and does not justify the classification of these lesions to mixed ductal-islet entity. However, because immunoreactive cells were more common and numerous in well-differentiated carcinomas, they may have some prognostic values.
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PMID:Pancreatic mixed ductal-islet tumors. Is this an entity? 131 18

Nude mice bearing xenografts of MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cell line were treated for 4 weeks with AN-51, a somatostatin octapeptide analog D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2 (RC-121) containing methotrexate attached to the alpha-amino group of D-Phe in position 1. Control groups of mice received saline, RC-121 or methotrexate. Drugs were given in equimolar doses by daily s.c. injections. After 7 days of treatment with 25 micrograms/day of AN-51, tumor growth was completely inhibited although the treatment had to be suspended because of toxic side effects, especially on the gastrointestinal tract, accompanied by major weight loss of the animals. Mice were allowed to recover for 1 week and treatment was continued with 12.5 micrograms/day AN-51. After 2 weeks of additional therapy, tumor volume, percentage change in tumor volume, and tumor weights were significantly decreased, compared with controls, only in the group treated with AN-51. Methotrexate and RC-121 also inhibited tumor growth, but their effects were not statistically significant. AN-51 retained its hormonal activity and decreased serum growth hormone levels in mice. Binding affinity of AN-51 for somatostatin receptors on MIA PaCa-2 cells was found to be 2.5-times lower than that of parent compound RC-121. This is the first report on inhibition of human pancreatic cancer growth in vivo by somatostatin analogs carrying cytotoxic radicals.
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PMID:Cytotoxic analog of somatostatin containing methotrexate inhibits growth of MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer xenografts in nude mice. 131 46

The mammalian gastrin-releasing-peptide (GRP) and its structural amphibian analogue, bombesin, are known to be trophic factors for the normal exocrine pancreas. This work investigates the possible role of GRP in the growth of an acinar pancreatic cancer transplanted to the rat and in primary tumor cell cultures. Moreover, this adenocarcinoma was tested for its content of specific bombesin/GRP receptors by using autoradiographic technics and in vitro binding assays with tumor cells. In Lewis rats bearing the pancreatic carcinoma transplanted s.c. in the scapular region, chronic administration of GRP at the dose 30 micrograms/kg/day for 15 successive days significantly increased the tumor volume, the final tumor weight, and amylase, protein, RNA and DNA contents. Autoradiographic studies showed that tumor tissue was GRP receptor positive with a high density. The biochemical characterization indicated that receptor positive tumor tissue had saturable and high affinity receptors with pharmacological specificity for GRP and its bioactive analogues. In primary tumor cell cultures, GRP increased the incorporation of [3H] thymidine in DNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner. There was a good correlation between the ability of GRP and its COOH terminal analogues to elicit DNA synthesis and their affinity for 125I-GRP binding sites. These results from in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that GRP induces growth of pancreatic carcinoma by acting directly on specific membrane receptors present on the tumor cells.
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PMID:Gastrin-releasing peptide: in vivo and in vitro growth effects on an acinar pancreatic carcinoma. 131 29


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