Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential effects of free circulating antigen on the ability of monoclonal antibodies to target tumors in vivo were investigated. Tumor models consisted of HCC, NuE and PLC cell lines producing AFP xenografted in nude mice, and the NuE-treated mouse designated as the NuE-bearing mouse injected with AFP prior to the administration of antibody. Immunoscintigraphy and biodistribution were evaluated by using 125I-labeled monoclonal antibody 19F12 raised against AFP. Gel chromatography analysis of plasma from the PLC-bearing mouse which excreted 400 ng AFP/ml in blood injected with 125I-19F12 indicated that all injected antibody 19F12 formed an immune complex in plasma. No immune complex was present in plasma from the NuE-bearing mice, where blood AFP levels were 7 ng/ml, while the intact antibody was found to remain partly in plasma from the NuE-treated mouse. Radioactivities in the whole body of NuE-bearing and NuE-treated mice eventually cleared at the same rate. Our experimental results indicated that the endogeneous circulating antigen retained the antibody in the whole body for a longer period. The ability of monoclonal antibodies to target tumors was influenced not only by how much antigen was present but also by how rapid the antigen was cleared in the blood.
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PMID:Effects of circulating antigen on monoclonal antibody localization. 169 8

Brain and skull metastases from primary hepatic or pancreatic cancer are very rare. The authors describe six cases of metastatic tumors. These are skull (three cases) and brain (one) metastasis of hepatic cancer and brain metastasis (two) of pancreatic cancer. In three hepatic cancer patients, the metastatic lesions were diagnosed before the diagnosis of primary cancer. In these patients, plain skull x-ray showed osteolytic lesions and vascular enlargement. A postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) scan showed an enhanced high-density epidural mass. Angiograms showed a tumor stain fed by abnormal vessels from the external carotid artery. In one patient with a metastatic brain tumor from hepatic cancer, a CT scan showed a high-density mass with hematoma. In one of the brain metastases from pancreatic cancer, a CT scan revealed a cystic, ring-like enhanced lesion in the thalamus. In the other case, a CT scan showed an isodensity mass in the vermis and hydrocephalus. Metastatic tumors from primary hepatic cancer were soft and hemorrhagic, but they were clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue. In the case of thalamic metastasis, the cyst content was aspirated and an anticancer agent was administered into the cystic cavity. In the other cases, the tumors were totally removed. The outcome was very poor in all cases.
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PMID:Brain and skull metastases of hepatic or pancreatic cancer--report of six cases. 170 58

The present study is based on the assay of four markers (AFP, CEA, TPA, Ca 19-9) using IRMA methods in 36 normal subjects, 44 cirrhosis and 66 HCC patients. Parametric and non parametric tests were used to test differences and correlations. ROC curves and discriminant functions were also elaborated. Normal 95% "cut-off" was determined by the "boostrap" method yielding: CEA 3.4 ng/ml; Ca 19-9 55 U/ml; TPA 58U/l and AFP 5.2 ng/ml. In HCC patients the values of the four markers were, on average, significantly different from those of normal subjects. However, only AFP and TPA exhibited high diagnostic accuracy (90%) for detection of the tumor. Higher than normal mean values for all markers were, also observed in cirrhotic patients. Only AFP yielded effective discrimination between HCC and cirrhosis. The positive prediction for the presence of the tumor on cirrhotic ground was 95% for AFP values higher than 18.5 ng/ml, with a 78% negative predictive value with a 6 ng/ml threshold. Association of AFP with TPA showed only a marginal diagnostic improvement. Results were not improved at all by combining CEA and Ca 19-9 with AFP and/or TPA. In conclusion, AFP is and remains the best marker for HCC and the only one effective in discriminating of HCC from cirrhosis. TPA may be considered a valid alternative if cirrhosis is not present. CEA and Ca19-9 are of no use.
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PMID:AFP, CEA, CA 19-9 and TPA in hepatocellular carcinoma. 170 5

The authors' experience showed that a complex of ultrasonography, computer tomography, laparoscopy and angiography assures reliable diagnosis of hepatic tumor and allows to evaluate its nature and operability. Resection of the liver is the surgical procedure of choice for hepatic tumors. Resection of varying extent was performed for 22 benign tumors yielding good immediate and end results. It was carried out in 14 patients with hepatic cancer. End results proved satisfactory, particularly, in combined application of surgery and chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and surgical treatment of liver tumors]. 170 69

Forty-nine liver disease patients (7 chronic persistent hepatitis, CPH; 10 chronic active hepatitis, CAH; 13 liver cirrhosis, LC; 9 primary hepatocellular carcinoma, PHC, without LC; and 10 PHC with associated LC) and 20 controls were assessed for their serum alpha-L-fucosidase (ALF) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels and several routine liver injury parameters. Tumor diameter in those with hepatic cancer was assessed by angio-CT. Only ALF and AFP were significantly greater in patients with PHC and PHC + LC patients as compared to patients with LC alone. At an accepted cutoff level of 500 ng/ml, the AFP level provided 43% false negative tests. On the other hand, an ALF level exceeding 740 mumol/hr/ml provided a sensitivity of 84% with a specificity of 94%. No relationship between the ALF level and Child's criteria or with any liver injury parameter was evident. Considering all individual values, the ALF, rather than the AFP, correlated with tumor size. This finding suggests the ALF level may be of value in the early detection of PHC as well as in the follow-up of patients treated for PHC.
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PMID:Serum alpha-L-fucosidase. A more sensitive marker for hepatocellular carcinoma? 171 99

Markers for hepatocellular cancer include the best and worst of cancer detection. Although hepatocellular cancer is relatively infrequent compared to other cancers in the western world, HCC has a very high incidence in parts of Asia and Africa. It is estimated to be one of the most common cancer worldwide. High risk factors for HCC include previous hepatitis B infection, heavy alcohol consumption, cirrhosis, and aflatoxin exposure. Alpha fetoprotein may be the best human cancer marker that appears in the serum, but levels of this marker are often not elevated until the tumor is beyond surgical treatment. No other serum or tissue marker is particularly useful. Screening of high-risk populations in China has detected previously undiagnosed HCC in 1,000 of 5 million individuals tested and has led to an increase in survival from 5.5 to 61.6% with surgical resection over those who are later diagnosed with HCC without screening. Elevations of AFP due to yolk sac tumors may be differentiated from those due to HCC on the basis of Concanavalin A reactivity. Immunodetection using radiolabeled anti-AFP and immunoscintigraphy have given inconsistent results that are not as sensitive as ultrasonography in detecting HCC in the liver. Various enzymes, isoenzymes, and other markers may be useful as adjuncts to diagnosis in selected cases, but are not generally as good as AFP alone. If a patient has an AFP-producing tumor, the serum levels of AFP provide an excellent means of monitoring its progression. If the serum AFP levels drop to normal and stay there, cure is almost certain. If, however, the serum AFP level does not fall at the normal catabolic rate after therapy, or subsequently rises, regrowth of metastases are indicated. Immunotherapy using anti-AFP has not been shown to induce remission, but experimental studies indicate that drug-conjugated anti-AFP is effective in inhibiting growth of AFP-producing tumors. Clinical trials using drug-conjugated anti-AFP are now underway. Monoclonal antibodies have not yet identified the "antigens" useful for the diagnosis or treatment of HCC, but epitopes identified by monoclonal antibodies have been studied experimentally in rats which indicate multiple cellular lineages to HCC in cases of experimental chemically induced hepatocarcinoma.
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PMID:Markers for hepatocellular carcinoma. 171 67

Pathological diagnosis of hepatic tumors is sometimes difficult when performed with only routine examinations such as Hematoxylin and Eosin (H.E.) stain. The diagnostic usefulness of KM01 was compared to that of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9 and ras p21 in this immunohistochemical study. AFP was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatoblastoma, and AFP-positive cells were frequently found at the periphery of acini in both diseases. Absorbed CEA stain was mostly negative in hepatocellular carcinoma, but was positive in the cells of mixed hepatocellular and cholangiocellular carcinoma (MHCC) and metastatic liver cancer, especially in their cytoplasm. CA19-9 immunostaining was completely negative, and was only 3% positive in hepatocellular carcinoma. KM01 stain was positive in about half of the cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma and MHCC. It was positive in proliferated bile ducts around the capsule in the former two diseases but positive in the tumor cell of both parts of the cytoplasm in the latter. The histological positivity of ras p21 was high in all tumor cells of these three types of tumors. Negative absorbed CEA and KM01 in pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma differentiated from MHCC and metastatic liver cancer. However these tumor markers were occasionally positive and nonspecific in cancer-like lesions, implying no advantage for differential diagnosis between hepatocellular carcinoma and apparent cancer-like lesions. The above results demonstrate that AFP, CEA and KM01 are effective for differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma among various hepatic tumors.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on hepatic tumors--KM01 stains compared with AFP, CEA, CA19-9 and RAS P21. 171 40

Bleomycin A6 (A6), a single component of bleomycin complex, is highly active against human liver cancer cells in vitro and xenografts in nude mice. A6 was conjugated to monoclonal antibody H111 directed against human hepatoma BEL - 7402 cells, using Dextran T40 as an intermediate. The conjugate consisted of a coupling molar ratio of 1:264 for H111 and A6, and retained 6.3% of A6 activity. As determined by clonogenic assay with hepatoma BEL - 7402 cells exposed to the agents for 1 h, the IC90 values for H111 - A6 conjugate, free A6 and M3 - A6 conjugate (an irrelevant conjugate) were 0.17 mu mol/L, 17 mu mol/L and 7 mu mol/L respectively. The cytotoxicity of Hill - A6 conjugate to target cells was markedly blocked by unconjugated H111 but not by irrelevant monoclonal antibody M3. The H111 - A6 conjugate exhibited 78% inhibition on the growth of hepatoma BEL - 7402 xenografts in nude mice, whereas the equivalent doses of free A6, M3 - A6 conjugate and H111 plus A6 mixture showed approximately 30% inhibition. Histopathological examination showed no toxic changes in the liver, lung, kidney and bone marrow in the H111 - A6 conjugate--treated animals. These results suggest that the conjugate of monoclonal antibody and bleomycin A6 exhibits specific cytotoxicity to target liver cancer cells and the conjugate is highly effective against liver cancer xenografts in nude mice with more marked tumor inhibition than free A6 at comparable dose levels.
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PMID:[Experimental studies on the antitumor activity of monoclonal antibody--bleomycin A6 conjugate against human liver cancer]. 172 Feb 70

Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) was evaluated as a serological marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly in patients with early HCC. In 1192 patients with various diseases, plasma DCP levels were measured by a newly developed enzyme immunoassay method using an anti-DCP monoclonal antibody. Of the 254 patients with HCC, 143 (56%) had abnormal DCP levels of greater than 0.1 AU/ml. In contrast, elevated DCP levels were rarely observed in patients with chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, metastatic liver cancer, and other malignant tumors. Because no correlation was observed between DCP and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), the combined measurement of these two complementary markers appears to be useful in the diagnosis of HCC. Since normal levels were observed in 29 of 30 patients (97%) with small liver tumors measuring 2 cm or less in diameter, the diagnostic application of the DCP assay to small liver tumors is limited. However, in patients with tumors larger than 2 cm, the plasma DCP assay may even be more useful than AFP. Among 46 patients with liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis who subsequently developed HCC, significantly increased DCP and AFP levels were observed in nine patients (20%) and 14 patients (30%), respectively, when a tumor was detected. When the results of both assays were combined, 19 patients (41%) had elevated levels of one or both markers. Although the plasma DCP assay alone is not sensitive enough to detect early small liver cancers, it could be applied as a complementary tumor marker together with AFP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin assay in early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 172 Oct 19

The risk of americium-induced liver cancer in beagle dogs that received long-term dietary ethanol was two to three times that of their nonalcoholic cohorts, even though the radionuclide retention time in hepatic tissue was shortened by the alcohol treatment. Liver malignancies did not occur in the ethanol-treated, nonirradiated controls. An ethanol-induced tumor-promoting effect was not observed in organs or tissues other than the liver.
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PMID:Promotion of radiation-induced liver neoplasia by ethanol. 173 May 60


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