Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A staging scheme for hepatocellular carcinoma was presented at an International Symposium on Liver Cancer in Kampala, Uganda in 1971. Historical, clinical, and laboratory aspects of that staging scheme were examined for prognostic significance in 72 untreated patients with this disease studied at the Uganda Cancer Institute. The median survival for the entire group was 1 month. The presence of a serum bilirubin concentration of greater than 2 mg/100 ml or weight loss greater than 25 percent of body weight were the poorest prognostic features. Other factors with prognostic significance were visible abdominal collateral circulation, ascites, tumor differentiation, and serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, alpha fetoprotein, and proline hydroxylase. A modified staging scheme is presented which defines three prognostically different groups of Ugandan patients. It is hoped this staging scheme will serve as a stimulus for analysis of similar prognostic features in other populations of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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PMID:A staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: prognostic factors in Ugandan patients. 4 61

Gallium-67-citrate and 99mTc-sulfur colloid scans were performed in 38 South African blacks with primary hepatocellular cancer. Selective uptake of the radinuclide by the tumor occurred in 27 patients (70%). In 12 out of 18 patients with associated cirrhosis, 67Ga was concentrated in the defect or defects visible on the 99mTc-sulfur colloid scan, but in the remaining 6 cases (33%), the 2 scans were identical and the defects may have been attributed wrongly to cirrhosis. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was detected by immunodiffusion in the serum of 26 patients. Twenty-one of these showed selective uptake of 67Ga by the tumor as compared with 6 out of 12 patients in whom this protein could not be detected. We were therefore unable to confirm a previous finding of a greater uptake of the of the radionuclide in AFP-negative primary liver cancer.
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PMID:Gallium-67-citrate scanning in primary cancer of the liver: diagnostic value in the presence of cirrhosis and relation to alpha-fetoprotein. 5 21

Experimental observations were made on hepatic cancer induced with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in guinea-pigs. Two cancer cell lines have been established in tissue culture and their antigenicity investigated. Tumour antignes were not found on normal liver cells, liver cells damaged wtih carbon tetrachloride and fetal liver cells obtained from fetuses more than 35 days old. The possibility of using immunological techniques to investigate the antigenicity of human cancer is discussed.
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PMID:Immunological aspects of hepatocellular carcinoma in the guinea-pig. 6 51

Three of 42 (7%) monkeys given aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for longer than 2 years have developed primary malignant neoplasms of the liver. Liver biopsies performed at intervals during aflatoxin administration revealed that neoplasia was preceded by pathologic lesions of the liver, including toxic hepatitis, proliferation of pseudotubules, and hyperplastic nodules. Serum alpha-fetoprotein levels, monitored in one of the monkeys by radioimmunoassay, paralleled tumor growth and recurrence of the hepatocellular carcinoma. Normal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels were noted for a monkey with hemangioendothelial sarcoma. Our results implicate AFB1 as a liver carcinogen in monkeys and add additional support to the hypothesis that humans exposed to this substance may be at risk of developing liver cancer.
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PMID:Carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1 in rhesus monkeys: two additional cases of primary liver cancer. 6 57

In a study of the association between circulating alpha-fetoprotein concentrations and spontaneous hepatocellular carcinomas, we examined C3H-Avy fB mice, which with age consistently demonstrate a rapidly increasing incidence of hepatic cancer. Although elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels are observed in association with the majority of these tumors, no elevation of alpha-fetoprotein was observed during the life course of non-tumor-bearing mice despite their age-dependent risk for hepatic cancer. Therefore, whatever the evolutionary or age-related biological changes may be that lead to tumor formation in this mouse, they are not linked to the synthesis of significant amounts of this oncofetal protein.
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PMID:Serum alpha-fetoprotein in a mouse strain (C3H-Avy fB) with spontaneous hepatocellular carcinomas. 6 18

Murine AFP has been reported to be immunosuppressive in a variety of systems. However, the extent and degree of inhibition has varied in different species and laboratories. Therefore, we have examined the potential suppressive effect of purified human AFP on several in vitro tests of cellular immunity and the potential mechanism of its action. AFP purified from fetal and liver cancer sera significantly inhibited mitogen and antigen-induced proliferative responses but had no effect on lymphocyte E rosetting, MIF production or mitogen induced T cell cytotoxicity to Chang target cells. Purified human AFP induced human suppressor cell activity, capable of suppressing a one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLC). In contrast to Con A induced suppressor cells, AFP induced suppressor cell activity was overcome by mitogen augmentation of the proliferative response in MLC. These data suggest that the inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by human AFP may be mediated by the induction of a subpopulation of human suppressor cells. Furthermore, mitogen induced cell mediated cytotoxicity was partially inhibited by primary liver cancer serum and completely inhibited by newborn cord serum, in contrast to purified fetal or tumor AFP which had no effect. These data suggest that there are other immunosuppressive factors in fetal and tumor serum which require further characterization. These other serum factors may be responsible for some of the immunosuppressive effects attributed to AFP. Although AFP is unlikely to play a major immunosuppressive role physiologically in vivo, its selective effect on proliferative responses, apparently mediated by suppressor cells, may prove to be a useful pharmacologic probe of the mechanism of these in vitro lymphocyte responses and biological interactions.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive characteristics of human AFP: effect on tests of cell mediated immunity and induction of human suppressor cells. 7 49

One hundred eight patients have undergone major hepatic resection by the senior author during the eight year period April 1970 to April 1978. Primary liver cancer was present in 36; metastatic colorectal cancer in 25, miscellaneous metastatic cancers in 15, hepatoblastoma in 5, gallbladder cancer in 4, and bile duct cancer in 3. Benign tumors, principally giant hemangioma, were resected in 20 additional patients. The 30 day operative mortality rate was 9% overall. Prior to 1975, 41 of the resections were done using the vascular isolation perfusion technique. The operative mortality rate of 17% for this technique is a reflection of early experience and the advanced stage of disease of many patients. The operative mortality for the standard resection has been only 4%. Subphrenic abscess has developed in only 13% of patients during the past three years. Postoperative hospitalization has been shortened, being a median of 13 days. The resectability rate for malignant disease was 33%. Forty-six percent of the resections were performed with curative intent. Fifty-four per cent were palliative, performed in individuals with regional spread or distant metastasis. After curative surgery, three year survival was 88% for individuals with primary liver cancer and 72% with metastatic colorectal cancer. After palliative resection, the rates were 31 and 0%, respectively. The three year survival rate is 46% overall, being 81% for the curative resection group and 18% for the palliative group. Tumor markers proved useful in monitoring patients after hepatic resection.
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PMID:Major hepatic resection for neoplasia: personal experience in 108 patients. 8 Jan 63

Vitamin A level and the cytosol-binding proteins specific for vitamin A ere studied in human tumor and its surrounding tissue. The tissues examined were 10 hepatocellular carcinomas which were surgically removed, 4 other malignant tumors (2 metastatic liver cancer and one each of gastric cancer and glioma), and 3 human fetal livers. Compared with surrounding tissues, considerable decrease of vitamin A content was observed in the hepatocellular carcinoma suggesting local deficient state of the vitamin. In addition to cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) and retinoic acid-binding protein (CRABP), a new molecular species having affinity for both retinol and retinoic acid was detected in the cytosols obtained from hepatocellular carcinoma as well as glioma by means of gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. With regard to ligand specificity, the protein was found to be similar to cellular retinol-binding protein, F-type or CRBP(F) which was originally recognized in the fish eye cytosol. Since the protein was also demonstrated in human fetal liver, CRBP(F) is considered to be an oncofetal protein in nature. The present study further revealed that CRBP(F) was detected in 80% of hepatocellular carcinoma (whereas plasma alpha-fetoprotein was significantly elevated only in 50%), and hepatocellular carcinoma contained CRBP(F) in a larger amount than CRABP.
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PMID:Demonstration of a novel cellular retinol-binding protein, F-type, in hepatocellular carcinoma. 8 58

In vivo immunogenicity and in vitro species-specific membrane antigens in tumor cells treated or untreated with glutaraldehyde (GA) were studied. Two different syngeneic Syrian hamster transplantable tumor cell lines (spontaneous liver cancer and SV40-induced sarcoma) not only lost immunogenicity after GA treatment but were responsible for enhancement of test-tumor growth in immunized animals. In vitro mixed hemadsorption test used for determination of species-specific membrane antigens in Syrian hamster, green monkey and interspecies hybrid cells revealed drastic alteration of antigens on the membrane of cells treated with GA.
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PMID:Sensitivity of TSTA and species-specific cell membrane antigens of tumor cells to glutaraldehyde treatment. 9 20

Primary liver cancer occasionally presents with feminization. The mechanism is unknown. We studied a young man with primary liver cancer associated with feminization that disappeared after removal of the tumor. Before operation, the serum estrone level was markedly (1113 pg per milliliter) and estradiol and estriol levels were slightly elevated. Human placental lactogen was also increased (0.52 microng per milliliter). Luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and prolactin levels were normal, and testosterone reduced. Beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin were not detected in the serum. In vitro assay of tumor tissue showed estrogenic activity and high levels of these subunits. With a reversed isotope dilution technic with crystallization to constant specific activity, we showed the tumor tissue to convert dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone to estrone and estradiol. Production of beta subunits of chorionic gonadotropin and raised serum levels of placental lactogen provided further evidence that the tumor was functioning as trophoblastic tissue.
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PMID:Mechanism of feminization in primary liver cancer. 13 68


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