Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors report the case of a 14-month-old baby boy with an epidermoid cyst located entirely within the pons and medulla, without an exophytic component. The lesion was examined by computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The child was operated upon three times after two recurrences of the lesion. A suboccipital, subtonsillar approach was used for the first and second procedures and a transtemporal approach for the last one. Excision was thought to be complete the first time, since a solid tumor was found and removed in a large cyst. The cyst wall was not identified. No tumor was found during the second procedure despite recurrence of the cyst, which was drained without an attempt to remove the cyst wall. Finally the cyst recurred with a large tumor in the cyst wall which was again totally removed. Consistent with the high mortality of brain stem epidermoid cysts in the literature, the child eventually died. The therapeutic problems, surgical options, and consequences are discussed.
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PMID:Recurrent intrinsic brain stem epidermoid cyst. 128 59

Ultrasound examination was performed on 307 patients admitted to Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, for suspicion of a pelvic tumor. Of these, 194 were operated on, 38 (19.6%) having a malignant tumor and 156 with benign conditions. A solid tumor was suspected in 72 patients on whom intravenous pyelography, barium enema, cystoscopy and rectoscopy were performed, although 11 did not undergo an intravenous pyelography and 12 did not undergo a barium enema. Intravenous pyelography, barium enema, rectoscopy and cystoscopy very seldom gave unsuspected information and never changed the indications for operation. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys, urinary tract, bowel system, liver and retroperitoneum as a complementary investigation to the gynecologic examination of the pelvic tumor gave the same information as did the barium enema, intravenous pyelography, rectoscopy and cystoscopy. Therefore, we conclude that these investigations should be carried out only in patients with symptoms from the urinary tract or the bowel system. Instead, we suggest that ultrasound examination of a pelvic mass also include an examination of the kidneys, urinary tract, bowel system, liver and retroperitoneum.
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PMID:Preoperative investigations for suspected pelvic masses. 129 12

The C6 astrocytoma cell line was inoculated intracerebrally as suspension into the rat brain. Tumors were allowed to grow 2 to 60 days and their development was studied on coronal sections at these survival times. Tumor cells developed intraparenchymal solid tumor at the implantation site. C6 cells also filled out the needle track-area and spread into meninges. At 2 days postimplantation (2 DPI), tumor cells were observed to infiltrate recipient's brain directly from the implantation site or via perivascular spaces of adjacent cerebral blood vessels. Some cells escaped from the implantation channel during transplantation. They spread diffusely via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in leptomeningeal regions over the brain surface. At 10 DPI, the tumor mass invaded the adjacent brain parenchyma as well as cerebral ventricles (CV) and C6 cells could spread intraventricularly. At 30 DPI, tumor extremely increased its size and its growth was expansive. It exhibited areas of necrosis and later on, at 60 DPI, inoculated rat brains revealed large empty pseudocysts resulting from decay of necrotic tumor masses.
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PMID:Inoculation of C6 glioma cell suspension into the brain of adult rats: morphological study. 130 Jun 30

Hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare malignant neoplasm that has nonspecific clinical signs and symptoms and can be difficult to diagnose on the basis of biopsy results. Radiologists may suggest the diagnosis of this slowly progressive neoplasm by recognizing its characteristic radiologic features. We correlated images from CT (13), sonography (nine), and MR (six) with pathologic findings in resected whole livers (eight) and biopsy specimens (five) from 13 patients 25-58 years old. Gross pathologic examination showed a repetitive pattern of multiple solid tumor nodules, in a predominantly peripheral distribution, with coalescence as individual nodules exceeded 4 cm. Tumor nodules had a hyperemic rim. Lesions adjacent to the capsule often produced capsular retraction. These findings correlated well with imaging findings. On CT, the lesions were of low attenuation, peripherally based, and with capsular retraction or flattening in nine (69%) of 13 patients. Unenhanced CT scans showed superior conspicuity over contrast-enhanced CT scans (9/13, 69%) and showed the extent of lesions more accurately in all cases (13/13, 100%). In nine patients, lesions had a peripheral enhancement pattern of alternating attenuation values correlating with the hyperemic rim at pathologic evaluation. On sonograms, the tumors were solid and predominantly hypoechoic. On MR, tumor signal was low on T1-weighted and high on T2-weighted images, with a low-signal halo present around many of the lesions. CT, sonographic, or MR findings of coalescent peripheral hepatic masses with capsular retraction are highly suggestive of hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma.
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PMID:Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the liver: imaging findings with pathologic correlation. 842 75

Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor of children less than 5 years of age; yet the biology of this tumor is poorly understood. Neuroblastoma tumors are derived from neural crest precursors; they synthesize both adrenergic and peptidergic neurotransmitters. This study determined VIP receptor expression in primary neuroblastoma tumors prior to chemotherapy. The VIP receptor was expressed in 12 of 15 neuroblastoma tumors as determined by direct binding studies (KD = 1.3-12.4 nM) and VIP-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase. The VIP stimulation index for adenylate cyclase in the primary tumor was inversely correlated with the VIP content of the tumor, suggesting that VIP regulates its own receptor expression. Similar observations were made in vitro by comparison of two human neuroblastoma cell lines, IMR32 and SKNSH. Both cell lines were demonstrated to express specific, high affinity VIP receptors (KD = 4 nM and 2.5 nM for IMR32 and SKNSH, respectively). IMR32 cells contained very low levels of VIP (0.6 pg VIP/10(6) cells). Exogenous VIP stimulated adenylate cyclase 22-fold over basal activity and VIP inhibited proliferation of IMR32 cells by 49% in 6-day cultures. On the other hand, SKNSH cells synthesized high levels of VIP (6.3 pg/10(6) cells), metabolized VIP rapidly and demonstrated a low level of VIP-mediated stimulation of adenylate cyclase; their proliferation rate was minimally inhibited by exogenous VIP. These observations help validate the hypothesis that VIP serves as an autocrine growth factor in neuroblastoma.
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PMID:Vasoactive intestinal peptide: autocrine growth factor in neuroblastoma. 131 95

Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities found in 30 non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), including 28 newly diagnosed primary tumor specimens, are summarized. Multiple chromosome alterations were identified in every case, and 19 of 30 tumors had near-triploid or near-tetraploid karyotypes. Polysomy 7 and partial gains of 7p, including 7p11-p13 (site of the EGFR gene), were particularly frequent, occurring alone or in combination in 26 tumors. Recurrent losses involving 1p, 3p, 6q, 9p, 11p, 15p, and 17p (where the TP53 gene is located) were each seen in 16-25 cases. Five tumors exhibited double minutes, which were associated with amplified MYC1 (1 case) and EGFR (1 case), as determined by Southern analysis. The cytogenetic data were compiled from either short term cultures of tumor tissue harvested within 1-9 days (18 cases) or later harvests performed on long term cultures or cell lines (6 cases); in the other 6 cases results were obtained from both short term and long term cultures. Two studies were performed to validate the use of long term culture for cytogenetic analysis of solid lung tumors. First, in order to determine whether cytogenetic results from cultures are representative of the original tumor, the modal chromosome number of 13 specimens placed into culture was compared to the DNA index of the original tumor tissue, as measured by flow cytometry. The DNA indices of the solid tumor biopsies agreed with the degree of aneuploidy observed by cytogenetic analysis in every case. Second, in 6 cases we performed direct comparisons of karyotypes obtained from cells cultured by both methods. Identical chromosome abnormalities were detected in short term cultures and later harvests of the same specimen. Overall, our findings indicate that tumorigenesis in NSCLC is characterized by the accumulation of multiple chromosome alterations. Furthermore, these data demonstrate that recurrent cytogenetic changes can be identified in NSCLC and that detailed karyotypes from long term cultures are relevant to the original tumor. Chromosome abnormalities detected by these techniques may have clinical and biological significance. However, the complex pattern of karyotypic changes seen in newly diagnosed NSCLC emphasizes the need for future investigations of premalignant bronchial lesions in order to identify primary genetic changes important for early detection and intervention in this aggressive neoplasm.
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PMID:Chromosome abnormalities in human non-small cell lung cancer. 131 34

Curability in children suffering from malignant solid tumor is 50%. Thus, high dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has been proposed to patients suffering from cancer either at initial diagnosis (poor prognosis tumor) or at relapse. Thanks to these studies, drugs having dose effects properties have been selected. In some tumors, ABMT has significantly improved patients median survival. It remains to be determined if: 1. high dose chemotherapy protocols with ABMT are superior to new aggressive chemotherapeutic protocol without ABMT. 2. ABMT increases the curability of high risk patients.
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PMID:[Autologous bone marrow graft in solid tumors in childhood]. 132 85

The biological activity of a series of dinuclear bis(platinum) complexes of formula [(cis-PtX2-(NH3)]2(NH2(CH2)nNH2)] (X = Cl, n = 4-9, compounds 6-11; X2 = malonate, n = 5 or 6, compounds 12 and 13) is described in selected murine leukemia, murine solid tumor, and human tumor cell lines and in murine leukemia cell lines rendered resistant to cisplatin (cis-[Pt(NH3)2Cl2]). The bis(platinum) compounds showed greater activity in vitro against murine tumor cell lines resistant to either cisplatin or DACH ([Pt(DACH)Cl2]). The resistance factor is dependent on chain length of the diamine, and the structural feature of a dinuclear complex is of general use in reducing cross-resistance with cisplatin. In vivo [(cis-PtCl2(NH3)]2(NH2(CH2)5NH2)] (7) showed a % T/C of 204 against murine L1210 leukemia resistant to cisplatin compared to a % T/C of 104 for cisplatin itself at optimal doses. The complex [(Pt(mal)(NH3)]2(NH2(CH2)6NH2)] (13) was highly active in the colon 26 tumor line with 3/10 tumor-free survivors (dose of 186 mg/kg, ip D1,5,9); however, 13 was subject to substantial cross-resistance in the cisplatin resistant L1210 leukemia (% T/C 139 versus % T/C of 223 in the sensitive line). In four selected human tumor lines in vitro, compounds 6-11 were uniformly more potent than cisplatin. In the corresponding xenografts, compound 7 showed greater activity in the HCT-8 (coloadenocarcinoma) and H23 (nonsmall cell lung), but diminished potency in AH125 and H520 (both nonsmall cell lung) lines in comparison to cisplatin. Retention of activity against cisplatin-resistant cell lines and a different spectrum of activity compared to cisplatin in some human tumor cell lines suggest that this class of complexes is mechanistically different from mononuclear complexes and worthy of further development toward clinical trials.
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PMID:Anticancer activity in murine and human tumor cell lines of bis(platinum) complexes incorporating straight-chain aliphatic diamine linker groups. 133 74

Thyroid cancer was the first solid tumor that showed an increased incidence among the Japanese A-bomb survivors and recently published data indicated an increase of thyroid cancer among children in Belarus. The annual thyroid cancer rate between 1986 and 1989 was 4 cases and 2 years later a 14-fold increase was found. That study has several methodological weaknesses but is nevertheless alarming. The present paper reviews the current epidemiological knowledge on radiation-induced thyroid cancer, and discusses the methodological difficulties. It is concluded that low doses of brief gamma radiation induce thyroid cancer in juveniles. No study has yet proven a relationship between protracted low dose exposure and thyroid cancer or an increased thyroid cancer risk among adults after exposure to any form of ionizing radiation. Thyroid cancer seems to have a somewhat shorter latency period than other solid tumors and the dose-response relationship seems to be linear. The most important issues in radiation protection concerning thyroid cancer are the risk of a thyroid cancer following low dose and/or protracted exposure to ionizing radiation and following 131I exposure in childhood.
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 1992
PMID:Radiation-induced thyroid cancer. 134 63

Mouse bone marrow produces many "null" lymphocytes which lack B and T lineage markers (B220-Thy1-). A subset of these cells expresses the natural killer (NK) cell marker, NK1.1. In addition, some rapidly renewed bone marrow lymphocytes express low intensities of Thy1 (Thy1lo). In view of their possible implication in tumor-host interactions these various cell populations have now been examined in mice injected with either the nonmetastatic Ehrlich ascites (EA) tumor or the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLc), a highly metastatic solid tumor. In each case, the number of null lymphocytes, as defined by a lack of radioautographic labeling of either B220 glycoprotein or Thy1, increased markedly in both the bone marrow and spleen. Treatment with the prostaglandin inhibitor, indomethacin, enhanced the increase in null cells in the bone marrow and spleen of LLc-bearing mice. The number of null small lymphocytes expressing NK1.1, as detected by combined radioautographic and immunoperoxidase techniques, increased almost 30-fold in LLc-bearing mice. The number of Thy1lo small lymphocytes increased in parallel with null cells during EA tumor growth. The findings accord with the hypothesis that the null lymphocyte population produced in mouse bone marrow includes newly formed NK lineage cells which sequentially express NK1.1 and Thy1lo. The present work demonstrates that the populations of null, NK1.1+, and Thy1lo lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow expand rapidly during the early growth of transplanted tumors, the initial increase in null lymphocytes apparently being curtailed by prostaglandin production. The results suggest that the production of null lymphocytes in mouse bone marrow is responsive to tumor development, possibly providing cells to be involved in tumor-host interactions.
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PMID:Changes in the populations of null, NK1.1+, and Thy1lo lymphocytes in the bone marrow of tumor-bearing mice: effect of indomethacin treatment. 134 96


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