Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

By means of a sensitive and specific method utilizing gas-liquid chromatography, the excretion levels for three nucleosides, degradation minor base products of ribonucleic acid, primarily transfer ribonucleic acid, were determined in 24-hour urine specimens from over 200 patients with solid tumor malignancies. These nucleosides were N2,N2-dimethylguanosine, l-methylinosine, and pseudouridine. When compared to normal control values, elevated levels of these compounds were found for patients in each of several tumor types studied. Increases in pseudouridine excretion suggest increased tumor transfer ribonucleic acid turnover; in addition, for the methylated nucleosides, higher than normal values may reflect enhanced transfer ribonucleic acid methylase activity of the neoplastic cells.
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PMID:The urinary excretion of nucleosides of ribonucleic acid by patients with advanced cancer. 115 9

As the most frequent solid tumor occurring in childhood, brain tumors constitute an important segment of pediatric oncology. Neurologic manifestations may be deceptively mild and easily overlooked or misinterpreted, particularly in the very young, because of the remarkable resiliency of the immature central nervous system and the skull's ability to expand throughout the pre-adolescent years. The majority of childhood tumors produce increased intracranial pressure, usually the consequence of obstructive hydrocephalus. Specific neurologic deficits correspond to the tumor's location. The posterior fossa harbors two-thirds of childhood tumors, and each of the four common tumors in this location produces a characteristic syndrome. Supratentorial tumors occupy the cerebral hemisphere, the suprasellar area, and the pineal gland. Diagnostic studies have reached a state of great sophistication and precise anatomical localization. Surgery, either alone or with adjuvant radiotherapy, cures no more than one-third of all tumors; for the remainder, it has a diagnostic and palliative role. The introduction of operative microsurgery has advanced the art, particularly in the surgical treatment of craniopharyngiomas and pinealomas, but any significant improvement in the treatment of brain tumors as a group seems unlikely to be achieved by surgery alone.
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PMID:Diagnosis and surgical treatment of childhood brain tumors. 116 86

In vitro assays of cell-mediated tumor immunity utilizing 51Chromium (51Cr) labelling of cultured adherent solid tumor cells were designed which allowed an effector cell/target cell incubation time of 48 h without overriding spontaneous 51Cr release. In a series of 16 consecutive experiments, blood lymphocytes from healthy human donors, from patients with tumors unrelated to the cultural tumor target cells, and from colon carcinoma and melanoma patients were tested for their cytotoxic effects on various target cell pairs, human colon carcinoma, melanoma, or skin fibroblasts. The same reagents were used in simultaneously performed microplate and 51Cr assays. Results obtained by visual counting of microplate tests and by 24-h assays of 51Cr release or 51Cr retention correlated in 20/25 effector-cell/target-cell combinations. In a series of six consecutive experiments, lymph-node cells from untreated Wistar/Furth rats, and rats bearing either chemically-induced colon carcinoma NG-W1 or polyoma virus-induced sarcoma P-W13 were tested for their cytotoxicity on syngeneic rat colon carcinoma and sarcoma target cells. Criss-cross type experiments were performed by microplate and 15Cr techniques done in parallel. Results obtained by visual counting of microplate tests and by 48 h assays of 51Cr release or 51Cr retention correlated in 15/18 effector-cell/target-cell combinations.
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PMID:A long-term 51chromium assay for in vitro cell-mediated tumor immunity. Correlation with simultaneously performed microplate assays. 117 12

Venous blood leaving a solid tumor showed higher erythrocyte concentration than did aortic blood. Net fluid loss of efferent blood as calculated from hematocrit differences was 2.7 to 6.7% of flow volume, 4.5 to 10.2% of perfusing plasma volume, or 0.14 to 0.22 ml fluid per hr per g in 2 to 5 g transplanted MTW9 and Walker 256 mammary carcinomas, and primary N-nitrosomethylurea- and 7,12-dimethylbenz(alpha)anthracene-induced mammary carcinomas of rats. Net fluid loss was directly related to blood flow but inversely related to tumor size. Increased hydrostatic pressure in tumor interstitial space was a consistent finding. Micropore chambers embedded in transplanted tumors drained 4 to 5 times more interstitial fluid than did identical chambers in the s.c. tissue. It is concluded that: (a) convective currents are present within the interstitial spaces of tumors; (b) the magnitude of fluid transfer can be measured by the difference in hemoconcentration between afferent and efferent tumor blood; and (c) the volume of this fluid transfer is not altered by hormone-induced tumor regression. The increased hydrostatic pressure of tumor interstitial spaces is interpreted as being due to absence of an anatomically well-developed lymphatic network. The bulk transfer of fluid within interstitial spaces is comparable to lymphatic drainage and should be considered in assessing drug concentration and distribution in solid tumors.
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PMID:Bulk transfer of fluid in the interstitial compartment of mammary tumors. 118 1

The Ca755 solid tumor in the C57B1 mouse has been used as a model to study the interrelationship of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on primary tumor growth. Surgery was performed on various days after tumor implantation. Surgical mortality increased with delay in surgery. The mean survival time (MST) was significantly increased by surgery. An increased cure rate in mice with late surgery may be due to immunological factors. Pretreatment cytoxan chemotherapy prior to a number of surgical days on the most effect schedule increased MST in the later surgical days primarily due to shrinkage of tumor and a diminished surgical mortality. Posttreatment chemotherapy significantly increased MST primarily on the basis of reducing tumor cell population after surgery and increasing both the cure rate and the time until death of those mice dying of regrowth of tumor. Optimal chemotherapy alone significantly increased MST compared to untreated controls. Optimal postsurgery chemotherapy increased survival longer than the additive increase of chemotherapy alone and surgery alone. This paper illustrates relationships between day of surgery dose and schedule of chemotherapy and effect on various measurable parameters. The results can best be understood in relationship to each other. It is suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy has specific definable benefits. It is apparent from human studies that carefully devised designs which consider these interrelationships are necessary if optimal therapeutic results are to be achieved.
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PMID:The effect of surgery and pretreatment or posttreatment adjuvant chemotherapy on primary tumor growth in an animal model. 118 67

The number of cells producing the anti-Ehrlich tumor antibody (antibody against Ehrlich tumor cells) in the spleen of mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumor was counted by the modified Cunningham method, in which the sheep red blood cells were conjugated with extracted specific Ehrlich tumor antigen and used. The antibody-producing cells appeared 6 days after the subcutaneous transplantation of Ehrlich tumor cells and increased in number with a peak around the 15th day. Humoral anti-Ehrlich tumor antibody estimated by immune adherence gradually increased in the tumor-bearing mice, reached the maximum 15 days after the transplantation or later, and maintained the high level for a long period. The subcutaneous solid tumor grew and reached the maximum in weight around the 15th day and regressed thereafter.
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PMID:A kinetic aspect of the antibody production against Ehrlich tumor cells in mice bearing Ehrlich solid tumor. 122 Sep 93

Levels of putrescrine, spermidine, and spermine in urine were determined by means of a sensitive ion-exchange chromatographic method in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies, in patients with diseases other than cancer, and in normal control subjects. Elevation above 2 SDS of the normal mean were found in varying number of patients in each tumor category. For those malignancies studied that involved more than 20 patients, the greatest incidences of increased excretion were 66% for spermine in patients with colon carcinoma and 50% for putrescine and spermidine in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. The highest levels and greatest frequency of elevated polyamine levels were found in patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, and changes in clinical tumor status associated with treatment appeared to correlate well with polyamine levels in this disease. Abnormal amounts of polyamines were also excreted by some patients with diseases other than cancer, indicating that increased polyamine excretion is not restricted or specific to the neoplastic state. It was also found that the levels of polyamines were apparently not affected by the intake of meat or the diet eaten, and remained in a rather narrow excretion range for any one individual at different time intervals. This study was carried out as part of a program to determine and evaluate biologic materials present in body fluids that may be used to follow and evaluate response or progression of neoplastic disease in patients during treatment regimens. The results suggest that abnormal urinary polyamine levels may be characteristic of neoplastic growth for some patients with malignant disease. Further studies are necessary to determine if these compounds may be helpful in assessing disease status for patients with such solid tumor malignancies as colon and bronchogenic carcinoma although their potential as useful "biologic markers" appears less promising than originally anticipated.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of polyamines by patients with advanced malignancy. 122 94

The treatment of ICR mice with i.p. injections (0.14 g/kg/day) of the extract of Capsella bursa-pastoris herb (Cruciferae) caused 50 to 80% inhibition of the solid growth of Ehrlich tumor cells that had been inoculated into the s.c. tissue of the animals. The tumor lumps in the treated mice showed multifocal necroses and the infiltartion of host fibrous tissue cells. Experiments were also performed to isolate and identify the active component for the antitumor action, and an acidic substance was isolated in crystalline form from the herb extract. This acidic substance was identified as fumaric acid and was effective in inhibiting the growth of Ehrlich solid tumor at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day. The 50% lethal dose (i.p.) of this acid was 266 mg/kg.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of Capsella bursa-pastoris extract on growth of Ehrlich solid tumor in mice. 126 43

The clinical significance of parathyroid hormone-related protein in humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy was investigated by determining the serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentrations in 167 normal subjects, 56 patients with hematologic malignancy and 144 patients with solid tumor. Serum parathyroid hormone-related protein was measured with a radioimmunoassay kit that recognizes the C-terminal portion of the molecule. The serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentrations were 20.2-50.8 pmol/l (mean +/- 2 SD) in normal subjects, and were elevated in 80% of the patients with malignancies with hypercalcemia, including squamous cell carcinoma and adult T cell leukemia. Moreover, two cases of B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with hypercalcemia had high serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentrations, which varied in parallel with the tumor size during the clinical course. Of 136 patients with solid tumors with normocalcemia, the serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration was slightly elevated in only 5.1%, all of whom were at an advanced stage. These data indicate that determination of the serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentration is useful for differential diagnosis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and prediction of its development.
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PMID:Serum parathyroid hormone-related protein concentrations in patients with hematologic malignancies or solid tumors. 128 Mar 91

A thirty-four-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of the disturbed visual acuity and pain on the eye movement of the right eye. He had prominent right eye and CT-scan and MRI of the brain disclosed a tumor which could be obviously distinguished from the extraocular muscles, optic nerve and the bulb of eye in the retrobulbar region. On operation we identified dark-red solid tumor which was 3.0cm in diameter, and diagnosed it malignant melanoma pathologically. Because postoperative study detected amelanotic melanoma in the white patch on the right upper extremity, this right orbital tumor was considered to be the metastasis of it from the right upper extremity. Metastatic malignant melanoma of the skin to the orbit is very rare, while most of the eye-associated malignant melanoma originates from uveal tract, special choroid, and conjunctiva. This case was the 26th case of these in the world and the first case in Japan, furthermore the 4th case in the world whose first symptoms were caused by the orbital metastasis.
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PMID:[A case of malignant melanoma with orbital metastasis which caused the first symptoms]. 128 95


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