Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen and progesterone receptors were studied in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens of 56 patients with primary, recurrent, or metastatic breast carcinoma. The ligands, 17 B-estradiol-6-carboxymethyloxine-bovine serum albumin fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-BSA estradiol) and hydroxyprogesterone hemisuccinate bovine serum albumin tetramethyl rhodamine isothiocyanate (TMRITC-BSA progesterone), were used in the fluorescent cytochemical method. The findings obtained from the aspirated cells with the use of the fluorescent cytochemical technique were compared with results obtained from the cell population of the same tumor after removal with the use of both the fluorescent cytochemical technique and the biochemical dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) assay. For the needle aspirates, there was 89% concordance for estrogen receptor and 86% concordance for progesterone receptor between biochemical and cytochemical results. A high degree of correlation was also demonstrated between fine-needle aspirates and imprint preparations with the use of the cytochemical technique. This study suggests that the fluorescent cytochemical technique is an effective tool in assessment of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in fine-needle aspirates of primary and metastatic breast cancer. The fluorescent cytochemical technique can be performed easily at community hospitals and is well suited for specimens of insufficient size for biochemical assay.
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PMID:Fluorescent cytochemical detection of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast fine-needle aspirates. 198 50

The authors assessed whether breast cancers can be detected by means of positron emission tomography (PET) with the positron-emitter-labeled glucose analogue 2-[fluorine-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). In 12 patients with primary and/or metastatic breast cancer, PET images of F-18 distribution in vivo were obtained approximately 1 hour after intravenous injection of 10 mCi of FDG. Scan findings were correlated with other imaging data and physical examination and biopsy results. Ten of 10 primary breast cancers were imaged by means of FDG PET with a tumor:background FDG uptake ratio of 8.1 (median). Ten of 10 bone metastases were imaged with a tumor:normal bone uptake ratio of 6.05 (median). Five of five known soft-tissue metastases and four previously unsuspected nodal lesions were found with PET. No false-positive foci of FDG uptake were demonstrated. In two cases with negative mammograms due to dense breast parenchyma, FDG PET clearly delineated the primary tumors. These preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility and substantial potential of PET scanning with FDG to detect and localize both primary and metastatic breast cancers.
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PMID:Primary and metastatic breast carcinoma: initial clinical evaluation with PET with the radiolabeled glucose analogue 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. 202 89

The clinical utility of CA M26 and CA M29 was studied in 116 breast cancer patients and compared with results for CA 15-3 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The highest sensitivities for breast cancer detection were achieved with CA 15-3 (0.60) and CEA (0.56), but this was compromised by a relative lack of specificity (0.87 and 0.88 for CA 15-3 and CEA, respectively). Sensitivities attained with CA M26 (0.47) and CA M29 (0.53) were lower, but there was an excellent specificity (1.00) for each assay in this series of benign patients. Tumor marker elevations were appreciable with advanced disease such that 82 of 91 patients (90%) with active metastatic breast cancer exhibited at least one abnormal test value. Longitudinal studies demonstrated that CA M26, CA M29, CA 15-3 and CEA complement each other and combinations of these markers reflect disease status better than individual tests.
Tumour Biol 1991
PMID:Evaluation of CA M26, CA M29, CA 15-3 and CEA as circulating tumor markers in breast cancer patients. 202 82

The antiestrogen tamoxifen is the most widely used hormonal therapy for breast cancer. The drug exerts its antiproliferative effects primarily through estrogen receptor (ER)-mediated mechanisms, although other cellular actions may augment tumor inhibition. Clinically, tamoxifen has been less well studied in premenopausal than in postmenopausal patients. The drug has complex endocrine effects that are dependent on the treatment duration and dose, menopausal status, and target organ. In postmenopausal women receiving tamoxifen, serum estrogen levels remain low, and the normally elevated gonadotropin levels decrease. In contrast, serum estrogen levels are strikingly elevated in many premenopausal women, and gonadotropin concentrations are either unchanged or slightly increased. Large systematic trials in metastatic breast cancer have established tamoxifen as the recommended hormonal therapy for postmenopausal women with ER-positive tumors. Tamoxifen is also an active agent for premenopausal metastatic disease, and response rates are comparable to those reported for oophorectomy. Clinical experience with tamoxifen in this younger age group, however, is more limited. Few premenopausal women (less than 400) have been included in phase II and phase III trials. Two randomized trials (total of 160 patients) comparing oophorectomy with tamoxifen do not definitively establish therapeutic equivalence, and a survival advantage for either treatment cannot be excluded. Many questions remain concerning the appropriate role for tamoxifen in premenopausal patients. Still, tamoxifen has an attractive toxicity profile, and it offers a favorable therapeutic alternative for premenopausal women with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer who wish to avoid surgical or radiation castration.
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PMID:Tamoxifen in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer: a review. 204 68

The monoclonal antibodies that define the tumor markers CA15.3, MCA, CAM26 and CAM29 were found to react with coexisting epitopes present on mucin-like glycoproteins. Despite their immunologic relationship, the markers showed distinct concentration levels in various body fluids. Particularly, MCA and CAM26 were high in urine and amniotic fluid. Sera collected from pregnant or lactating women and especially human milk samples contained considerable amounts of CAM29 and MCA, but comparably small quantities of CAM26 and CA15.3. The concentrations of CA15.3, MCA, CAM26 and CAM29 were correlated in serum samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer. The discrepancy between immunologic relationship and dissimilar biologic behavior could be explained by a limited coexistence of epitopes on subsets of heterogeneous polymorphic mucins. All mucin markers which were investigated showed improved sensitivity for metastatic breast cancer compared with the established marker CEA.
Tumour Biol 1991
PMID:CA15.3, MCA, CAM26, CAM29 are members of a polymorphic family of mucin-like glycoproteins. 206 12

A case of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated to metastatic breast cancer, in remission with chemotherapy, is presented. We review the etiopathogenetic mechanism of its association and focus on the priority of neoplasia therapy when disseminated intravascular coagulation is not present.
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PMID:[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia associated with breast cancer]. 210 21

Curative treatment regimens for leukemias, lymphomas, and testicular cancer have been based on laboratory observations of a clear relationship (generally linear-log) between increasing doses of chemotherapeutic agents and tumor cytotoxicity and on recognition of the need for combination chemotherapy to avoid the emergence of drug resistance. Chemotherapeutic agents have been selected for combinations based on cytotoxic activity, different mechanisms of action (to avoid cross-resistance), and different dose-limiting toxicities (to avoid additive toxicity). The ideal combinations use the highest tolerable doses of active non-cross-resistant agents to minimize the potential for drug resistance and achieve optimum cytotoxicity. Dose escalation is often limited by myelosuppression. Hematologic stem cell support from bone marrow or peripheral blood allows the administration of significantly higher doses of chemotherapy. In 1977, Thomas and colleagues in Seattle reported that 13 of 100 patients who underwent bone marrow transplantation for relapsed acute leukemia were disease-free 1 to 4.5 years later. Today, almost 50% of selected patients with acute myelogenous leukemia who undergo transplantation with human leukocyte antigen-matched sibling donor marrow during first remission are cured. Between 20% and 50% of lymphoma patients who undergo transplantation after failing conventional treatment have survived; those whose disease is responding to standard-dose therapy at the time of transplant have the best prognosis. Conditioning regimens that are sufficiently cytoreductive are not currently available for patients with solid tumors. The diversity of solid tumors makes it likely that a variety of regimens will be required. In a sequence of laboratory and clinical studies, we have constructed and evaluated a regimen comprising 6 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide, 500 mg/m2 of N,N',N''-triethylenethiophosphoramide (thiotepa), and 800 mg/m2 of carboplatin. The response rate in women with measurable breast cancer was 81%. While profound myelosuppression was noted, organ toxicity has been rare. This regimen, designed to exploit the principles of curative cancer chemotherapy, is associated with low morbidity and high cytoreductive efficacy. The regimen is currently being evaluated in a phase II trial in patients with previously untreated metastatic breast cancer who are responsive to conventional-dose chemotherapy. Of 29 patients entered in the study, only one has died of toxicity, confirming the low incidence of treatment-related toxicity associated with the regimen.
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PMID:High-dose thiotepa alone and in combination regimens with bone marrow support. 210 66

Level of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-Pi) and antitryptic activity in blood serum were assessed in 167 patients with breast cancer and 30 cases of benign lesions. An increase in blood serum-alpha 1-Pi level was shown to be associated with tumor advancement but could not be regarded as a marker of cancer. Concentration of the inhibitor exceeded 8 mg/ml in 83.4% of cases with metastatic breast cancer but was as a rule, equal to or below that value in metastasis--free patients. Those two groups were prognostically different. Morphological analysis established a correlation between blood serum-alpha 1-Pi level, on the one hand, and grade of malignancy, degree of pathologic changes in tumor stroma and extent of lymph node involvement, on the other.
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PMID:[alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor in breast cancer]. 210 87

One hundred four sequential pretherapy and posttherapy breast tissue specimens from 57 patients with locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer were evaluated in an attempt to define the effects of systemic chemotherapeutic agents on the tumors and residual nonneoplastic breast tissue. The patients were treated uniformly at the National Cancer Institute on an experimental protocol combining systemic chemotherapy with attempted hormonal synchronization. Tumors were sampled prior to and following several cycles of chemotherapy to a maximum objective clinical response (average number of cycles, 7). In 38 cases, the posttreatment biopsy was positive for tumor. The most striking histologic change was extreme vacuolization of tumor cells that often resembled histiocytes. Atrophy of the terminal duct lobular unit (TDLU) and atypia of epithelial cells in TDLU and large ducts were also seen. Severe degrees of epithelial atypia occasionally proved to be difficult to distinguish from residual intraductal carcinoma. Breast biopsies were stained with antibodies to cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), B72.3, lactalbumin, and SP1 using immunoperoxidase techniques. The number of cases showing immunoreactivity with antibodies to cytokeratin, EMA, and B72.3 remained approximately the same before and after therapy, while SP1 expression decreased and lactalbumin expression increased after therapy. Recognition of chemotherapeutic changes in breast tissue is important since systemic chemotherapy plays an important role in the management of breast cancer.
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PMID:The effects of hormonal and chemotherapy on tumoral and nonneoplastic breast tissue. 215 74

During a recent 10-year period, scirrhous tumors of the stomach were diagnosed at upper gastrointestinal examinations in 27 patients in whom pathologic correlation was available. Nineteen patients underwent double-contrast studies, and eight underwent single-contrast studies. Twenty-two of the 27 patients had primary gastric carcinoma, four had gastric involvement by metastatic breast cancer, and one had antral gastritis and scarring without evidence of malignancy. Although the involved gastric segment often demonstrated only mild loss of distensibility, the presence of a scirrhous tumor was suggested radiographically by distortion of the normal surface pattern of the stomach with mucosal nodularity, spiculation, ulceration, and/or thickened, irregular folds. Ten patients had localized lesions involving the gastric fundus and/or body rather than the classic form of linitis plastica involving the distal stomach. Furthermore, endoscopy had significant limitations in confirming this diagnosis, as findings from brushings or biopsies were positive for malignancy in only 14 of 20 patients (70%). Radiologists should be aware of the frequent proximal location of these scirrhous tumors and of the problems of endoscopic diagnosis.
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PMID:Scirrhous carcinoma of the stomach: radiologic and endoscopic diagnosis. 215 84


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