Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A patient with widespread metastatic breast cancer had thrombocytopenia and severe anemia due to splenic hyperfunction, confirmed by chromium51-labeled red cell survival and sequestration studies. Marked splenic enlargement was produced by metastatic tumor. After she failed to respond to steroids, her hematologic status was improved by splenectomy, and has been stable for 16 months. Hypersplenism may be suspected as a cause of severe hemolytic anemia in advanced carcinoma. If the patient's general status is otherwise compatible with long comfortable survival, appropriate diagnostic studies and consideration of splenectomy are warranted.
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PMID:Hypersplenism in advanced breast cancer: report of a patient treated with splenectomy. 112 94

Three prospectivelyly planned and controlled cooperative clinical studies in the use of combination drug therapy for metastatic breast cancer are reported. Each study contained two drug regimen arms. A total of 326 evaluable patients were treated with one of the five various drug combinations employed. As the number of drugs used in each regimen was increased from two to five, a concommitant increase in remission rates from 50% to 75% was observed. Remission duration of approximately 8 months and survival from the onset of treatment, however, remained relatively constant at 13 to 16 months in all drug regimens. Patients achieving tumor remission survived an average of three times longer than those with progressive disease under therapy. The results are correlated to patient age and predominant metastatic type. Subjective improvement was definitely related to objective tumor regression or stabilization. Treatment was relatively well tolerated and well applicable to outpatient care. Dosage adjustments were often necessary during the initial phases of therapy. Combined cystostatic drug therapy is highly effective in the prognostically worst forms of metastatic breast cancer, and is the treatment of choice for younger patients with visceral type metastases.
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PMID:A controlled study in the use of combined drug therapy for metastatic breast cancer. 117 24

Progesterone, like estrogens, is used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The 3 most active derivatives are megestrol, norethisterone acetate, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). This study evaluates the use of MPA in treating metastatic breast cancer in 40 postmenopausal women (average age, 63 years; average duration of postmenopause, 14 years) who have either not responded to or have relapsed after therapy with estrogens and androgens. 18 patients received a depot preparation of MPA intramuscularly in a loading dose of 3.2 g over a 2-week period and then 400 mg at 2-4 week intervals. 22 patients received the drug orally in a dose of 200 to 300 mg daily. Patients were evaluated after 6 weeks of therapy. Criteria for evaluating response were those used by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Only 2 of 40 patients exhibited an objective response (disappearance of metastatic lymph node for 9 months in 1 and well-documented clinical improvement and control of brain metastases for 22 months in another). 2 patients had mixed responses of chest wall metastases (regression of some but not all lesions) lasting 3 and 4 months respectively. 5 patients had obvious subjective response (pain relief) but no objective response. Overall response rate was 22%: 4 objective responses (10%) and 5 subjectives responses (12%). Route of administration did not correlate with response. Tumor stimulation and clinical deterioration occurred in 4 patients. It appears that MPA therapy is costly and of minimal usefulness as secondary therapy in metastatic breast cancer. Further studies should focus on megestrol and norethisterone acetate which have been documented to have better response rates.
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PMID:Response to medroxyprogesterone acetate (NSC-26386) as secondary hormone therapy for metastatic breast cancer in postmenopausal women. 126 Jul 80

Macrophages, derived from in vitro cultured monocytes from both healthy donors and patients affected by metastatic breast cancer, treated or not with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), were tested for phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Candida albicans and superoxide anion release. We found a marked impairment in intracellular killing closely linked to the lack of superoxide production in macrophages from patients affected by neoplasia treated or not with LPS. On the other hand, the LPS treatment significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of all the macrophage populations tested, except for phagocytes obtained from patients affected by neoplasia and differentiated in autologous serum.
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PMID:Generation of superoxide anion and candidacidal activity by lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages from patients affected by neoplasia. 132 56

Epithelial mucins have obtained increasing clinical relevance since they were found in the serum of cancer patients and were shown to be elevated in metastatic disease. We report here the characterization of the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 436 which recognises the protein core of the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) of the human breast. MAb 436 was generated by immunizing Balb/c mice with membrane-enriched fractions prepared from metastatic lesions in the axillary lymph nodes. The antigenic determinant recognized by the MAb 436 is expressed on the surface of breast cancer cells and was measured by ELISA on all of 50 cytosol preparations of primary breast tumors. Immunohistochemistry showed 98% of primary and 100% of metastatic breast cancer lesions to be positive with the 436 antigenic determinant expressed both in the cytoplasm and at the plasma membrane level of the tumor cells. Moreover, the antigen was expressed in a homogeneous fashion (80-100% of the total number of tumor cells) in more than 60% of the tumors. Reactivity with normal tissues was rare and scattered and restricted to glandular structures particularly at the luminal border level except for the distal and collecting tubules of adult and fetal kidney, where a cytoplasmic 436 antigen distribution was observed. Other cancers proved positive but the reactivity was always variable and heterogeneous. The antigen recognized by MAb 436 appears in Western Blotting as a M(r) of more than 200,000 daltons protein resolved in two bands. Epitope mapping experiments using overlapping octapeptides in the repeat unit of the PEM identified in the RPAP (Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro) sequence the binding site of the 436 antigen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of monoclonal antibody 436 recognizing the Arg-Pro-Ala-Pro sequence of the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM) protein core in breast carcinoma cells. 137 74

Ifosfamide, a cytostatic drug highly active in vivo, has slight superiority over cyclophosphamide. It proved effective in experimental tumor systems including the C3H mammary carcinoma. Clinical studies of ifosfamide as monotherapy in breast cancer, begun in 1974 by Ahmann et al., reported a 20% objective response. Subsequent trials were conducted from 1974 through 1977 using ifosfamide as monotherapy, and ifosfamide was also combined with other chemotherapeutic agents. In 1975, Hartwich and coworkers used the combination ifosfamide/vincristine with a 25% overall response. With the introduction of the uroprotector mesna, more studies were instituted. In 1984, using the IMF combination (ifosfamide/methotrexate/5-fluorouracil), we reported a 25% overall response. Other groups also reported good results for ifosfamide-containing combinations, with overall responses ranging from 25% to 79%. Recently, Sanchiz and Milla used high-dose ifosfamide to treat metastatic breast cancer, with a 40% overall response. In conclusion, ifosfamide's efficacy in breast cancer has been confirmed and the drug is highly recommended in combination chemotherapy as a first-line treatment.
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PMID:Use of ifosfamide in the management of breast cancer. 139 Mar 13

Tumor response after withdrawal of endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer with estrogens and androgens is well described. There have been few reports of withdrawal responses (WRs) after cessation of treatment with the newer antiestrogens and progestogens. We assessed WR in women after cessation of adjuvant therapy at first relapse, and after progression on first, second or third line endocrine therapy for advanced disease. One of seven patients (14%) responded after cessation of tamoxifen adjuvant therapy at relapse. Sixty-five of 72 patients were evaluable for WR after cessation of tamoxifen as first line therapy for advanced disease. There were five partial responses (8%) and 14 (22%) 'no change' with a median duration of WR of 10 months (range 3-40 months). WR were seen mainly in soft tissue disease but there were two responses in lung and two in bone. Four of 21 (19%) patients had a WR after cessation of norethisterone acetate (3) and tamoxifen (1), all used as second line therapy. WR are therefore demonstrable after cessation of tamoxifen and norethisterone acetate with durations of response similar to those found with additive therapy. Assessment of WR may represent a way of prolonging the overall response duration in patients with relatively indolent metastatic breast cancer, particularly in soft tissues.
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PMID:Response after withdrawal of tamoxifen and progestogens in advanced breast cancer. 145 37

We report two cases of zosteriform metastasis to the skin. One patient had epidermotropic papulovesicular metastases from a presumed cutaneous adnexal neoplasm. The second patient had painful zoster-like papulovesicles from metastatic breast cancer. Previously reported dermatomal or zosteriform metastases are reviewed.
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PMID:Zosteriform and epidermotropic metastasis. Report of two cases. 153 56

We report the first treatment of metastatic breast cancer by systemic radioimmunotherapy. The serial therapy doses were chosen based on quantitative imaging data in a treatment planning approach. A terminally ill patient with aggressive, locally advanced breast cancer who had failed radiation treatment and chemotherapy was injected intravenously with radiolabeled I-131 chimeric L6, a human-mouse chimeric lgG1 monoclonal antibody to adenocarcinoma. Initially, an imaging 10 mCi dose of I-131 chimeric L6 (dose 1) deposited 8.8% of the injected dose in her chest wall tumor at 48 hours. Ten days later the patient was given a 150 mCi I-131 chimeric L6 dose (dose 2) followed three weeks later by a 100 mCi dose (dose 3). Tumor uptake and retention were comparable for doses 1 and 2, and decreased for dose 3. Following dose 3 the patient developed a manageable thrombocytopenia and transient Grade IV granulocytopenia. The tumor was observed to decrease in size with peak tumor regression occurring two weeks after dose 3. This partial response (PR) was achieved by radioimmunotherapy at a time when conventional therapy had been unable to impact the growth of the patient's massive and aggressive tumor.
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PMID:Radioimmunotherapy for breast cancer: treatment of a patient with I-131 L6 chimeric monoclonal antibody. 166 1

Obstructive jaundice developed in a patient concomitantly with the diagnosis of breast carcinoma. Abdominal exploration disclosed a metastatic tumor in the head of the pancreas, the distal bile duct, and the gallbladder. A cholecystectomy and choledochojejunostomy were performed and later, because of intestinal obstruction, the patient underwent gastrojejunostomy. Pathological examination demonstrated metastatic lobular carcinoma of breast with strongly positive staining for estradiol. Additional hormonal therapy has been given to the patient since the operation. The patient is alive 16 months after the diagnosis of her disease. This case suggests that a vigorous diagnostic approach should be adopted in every jaundiced patient with metastatic breast cancer in order to exclude causes of jaundice other than diffuse metastatic involvement of the liver. Patients with extrahepatic biliary metastasis should be treated by aggressive surgical treatment, combined with systemic therapy which can offer them significant palliation and better survival.
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PMID:Biliary and pancreatic metastases of breast carcinoma: is surgical palliation indicated? 170 19


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