Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumour vasculature is heterogeneous, exhibiting a range of vessel densities and the vascular basement membrane (VBM) of tumour blood vessels may be fragmented or absent. Increased microvessel density (MVD) has been reported in mucinous ovarian tumours as compared with other histologic sub-types. We hypothesized that VBM immunostaining differs between regions of the ovarian tumour vasculature and between ovarian tumour types exhibiting different MVD. Serial sections from 56 ovarian tumours were immunostained using antibodies to the VBM components collagen IV, heparan sulphate proteoglycan and laminin, and the endothelial cell marker CD31. Regions of high and average MVD were selected, and the number of vessels positive for each VBM component were counted and expressed as a percentage of the number of CD31-positive vessels. The percentage of VBM-positive vessels did not differ between the high and average MVD regions of borderline or malignant, mucinous and serous tumours. The percentage of VBM-positive vessels in mucinous tumours was less than that observed in malignant and borderline serous tumours and benign tumours (p < 0.02). Possible explanations for these findings are (i) that VBM turnover is similar throughout the vasculature; (ii) that the VBM is present both during angiogenesis and in the newly formed vessels of high MVD regions; or (iii) that an alternative angiogenesis mechanism is utilized in different ovarian tumour types, or even between different regions of the same tumour.
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PMID:Reduced vascular basement-membrane immunostaining in mucinous tumours of the ovary. 958 27

A patient with endovascular papillary angioendothelioma with a low grade of malignancy showing papillary proliferation of endothelioid cells is presented. The patient, an 83-year-old woman, underwent resection of a tumor of the neck. At operation a 9 x 7 cm cystic tumor containing yellow transparent liquid with clots was found in the subcutaneous tissue. Histological studies showed endothelioid cells with spindle-shaped nuclei proliferated in layers around the fibrovascular cores, which showed the characteristic appearance of papillary proliferation. These cells were immunohistochemically positive for CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigen. Based on these observations, the tumor was considered to be an endovascular papillary angioendothelioma (Dabska tumor). Dabska tumor is a vascular tumor with a low grade of malignancy and usually occurs in infants and young children. About 13 cases of Dabska tumor have been reported. The occurrence of a Dabska tumor in an aged patient is considered to be rare.
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PMID:Endovascular papillary angioendothelioma (Dabska tumor) in an elderly woman. 978 71

Tumor growth beyond a certain size requires angiogenesis. Experimental evidence shows that once tumors leave the pre-angiogenic phenotype to become angiogenic, metastases often start to evolve. The aim of this study was to develop a reproducible immunohistochemical technique and method to characterize the neovascularization in archival prostate cancer tissue by quantifying the microvessel density (MVD). Archival tumor specimens from 64 consecutively diagnosed prostate cancer patients were immunostained for von Willebrand Factor (vWF), endothelial antigen and for CD31 combined with the use of different digestive enzymes (trypsin and pronase) and heating in a microwave oven. Both the mean and the maximal MVD, and the reproducibility of the method were estimated. Finally, the mean MVD, the maximal MVD, and clinical characteristics were correlated with the crude survival of the patient population. The immunohistochemical staining for vWF to measure the maximal MVD was found to be a reproducible method of characterizing the individual tumor. Both a univariate and a multivariate analysis demonstrated that the maximal MVD, in contrast to the mean MVD, was significantly associated with survival in prostate cancer patients. We conclude that evaluation of angiogenesis by immunostaining the endothelial cells for vWF measured by the MVD in the most vascularized areas of the tumor is a reproducible method of characterizing the individual prostate tumor. Maximal MVD proved to be an independent prognostic parameter useful in conjunction with other known prognostic markers in human prostate cancer.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical determination of tumor angiogenesis measured by the maximal microvessel density in human prostate cancer. 963 68

There is a continuing controversy regarding the value of estimating degree of intra-tumor vascularity to predict prognosis in breast cancer. In order to resolve this controversy, primary tumors from a cohort of 519 women with breast cancer were analysed to determine whether association exists between degree of vascularity and prognosis. Tumor vascularity was estimated by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody to the antigen CD31. The tumor area showing the highest degree of vascularity was chosen to score the number of microvessels per unit area. Issues such as the reproducibility of the microvascularity score and its association with tumor parameters including size, histological grade and hormone receptor levels were investigated. Although previously agreed criteria were used, consensus between two pathologists' estimations of the degree of vascularity was only moderate. There was no statistically significant association between tumor vascularity score and other currently established parameters of prognosis. After a median follow up of 71 months for axillary node negative patients, there was no association between tumor vascularity score and increased risk of relapse or death from breast cancer. In axillary node positive patients, tumor vascularity score was associated with increased risk of relapse and death from breast cancer. This association was not however independent of other established parameters of prognosis.
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PMID:Tumor microvascularity has no independent prognostic significance for breast cancer. 964 87

A case of angiomyofibroblastoma in a 48-year-old woman is reported. The tumor occurred as a left vulval mass and was treated by simple excision. It was located in the subcutaneous tissue of the left vulva and was well circumscribed, measuring 2.8 x 2.7 x 2.5 cm. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of hypocellular and cellular areas with well-developed small vessels. Spindle or polygonal cells were arranged with perivascular accentuation in an edematous or fibrocollagenous background. Some spindle-shaped or polygonal stromal cells were also arranged in epithelioid nests. In some areas, mitoses were frequent (maximum 3/10 high-power field). Immunohistochemically, the stromal cells were positive for vimentin and desmin, but negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin, S-100, neurofilament, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, CD31 and CD34. The average labeling index of Ki-67 in stromal cells was 3.1%. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated that the stromal cells adhered with primitive junctions and contained intermediate filaments with no focal density in the cytoplasm. These findings were consistent with angiomyofibroblastoma, although previously reported cases did not show so many mitoses. Therefore, this case was suggested to be a mitotically active variant.
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PMID:Angiomyofibroblastoma of the vulva: a mitotically active variant? 964 58

Seventy-five squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix and 10 controls were stained for Ulex Europaeus lectin 1 (UEA-1) and anti-CD31, and the results were analyzed with respect to patient age, clinical stage, tumor grade, and survival during a follow-up period of 1 to 13 years. The patients' mean age at the time of diagnosis was 47.8 years (range, 27 to 83). Seventeen patients died of disease, 2 had disease recurrence, and 51 patients remained free of disease; 5 patients were lost to follow-up. Twenty-eight cases (37.3%) showed focal membranous staining for UEA-1 and 9 cases (12%) showed a diffuse pattern; 38 cases (50.7%) were UEA-1 negative. Poor survival was related to diffuse membranous UEA-1 immunoreactivity (p = 0.02), age (p = 0.014), grade (p = 0.02), and stage (p = 0.0002). CD31-positive neoplastic cells displayed a cytoplasmic pattern. Fifteen cases (20%) had diffuse staining and another 15 (20%) stained focally; 45 cases (60%) were CD31-negative. The adjacent nonneoplastic epithelium and all 10 controls were uniformly negative for CD31. Variable staining of the endocervical epithelium and weak or negative staining of ectocervical epithelium for UEA-1 were observed. However, the epithelium in all controls was negative for UEA-1. Poor survival was related to both focal and diffuse staining for CD31 (p = 0.01 and p = 0.03, respectively). Staining by both UEA-1 and anti-CD31 retained its correlation with survival after exclusion of stage la tumors.
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PMID:Ulex Europaeus lectin and anti-CD31 staining in squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: potential prognostic markers. 965 15

We retrospectively reviewed two fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) specimens from two patients with histologically confirmed epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EH). Both patients were men, ages 79 and 39 years; their primary tumors arose in the soft tissues of the mediastinum and within the proximal tibia, respectively. The former patient had symptoms of superior vena cava syndrome; multicentric intraosseous lesions involved the proximal tibia of the latter patient. All cytologic smears were hypercellular and composed of mostly disassociated single cells and small aggregates of ovoid to polygonal-shaped epithelioid cells. Nuclei were variable, ranging from ovoid and reniform to round and polylobated and surrounded by an abundant amount of dense cytoplasm. Binucleated epithelioid neoplastic cells were frequent. Nuclear pleomorphism ranged from slight to moderate, and small solitary to multiple nucleoli were identified within the majority of tumor cells. Rare neoplastic cells with a single, sharply demarcated intracytoplasmic vacuole and intranuclear cytoplasmic pseudoinclusions were observed in the smears of one tumor. Metachromatic stromal fragments, probably representing hyalinized chondromyxoid stroma, were seen in the other tumor. Neither case was recognized initially on FNAB as EH. Immunohistochemically, sections from the surgical biopsy specimens of both cases showed diffuse and strong immunopositivity for the endothelial marker CD31. Although the cytomorphology of EH appears distinct, clinicoradiologic correlation is essential, and immunohistochemistry may be helpful to avoid misdiagnoses.
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PMID:Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of bone and soft tissue: a fine-needle aspiration biopsy study with histologic and immunohistochemical confirmation. 966 82

Tumour stromal neovascularization was investigated in 114 invasive and 20 in situ carcinomas of the uterine cervix by staining representative sections with the specific endothelial marker anti CD31 (clone JC/70A, isotope IgG1). A digital image analyser was used to measure the immunoreactivity. The following parameters were determined in the 'hot spots': vessel counts, vessel perimeter and endothelial stained area (expressed per mm2). The results were correlated with clinical and histopathological data. There was no significant relationship between the histopathological findings (tumour histology, tumour differentiation, FIGO stage, presence of lymph node metastasis or lymphovascular space involvement) and the median vessel count. In a univariate analysis all angiogenesis parameters had prognostic value: a higher vascularity was associated with worse prognosis (P < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis showed that vascular permeation (P < 0.001) and the median vessel count (P = 0.005) were the most important prognostic indicators. In the future these criteria may be used for selection of patients for anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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PMID:Quantification and prognostic relevance of angiogenic parameters in invasive cervical cancer. 1046 11

Cultures of endothelial (En) cells derived from human brain microvessels were established in order to characterize adhesion molecule expression and to assay the adhesion properties of neoplastic cell lines to monolayers of En cells. Low constitutive expression of beta1 integrin (CD29), and ICAM-2 (CD102) was detected on human brain microvessel En cells. The beta1 chain of the VLA integrin family, ICAM-1, E-selectin (CD62E) and VCAM-1 (CD106) but not ICAM-2 and PECAM-1 (CD31) expression was upregulated by IL1-alpha, and TNF-alpha proinflammatory cytokines. High expression of PECAM-1 was found on non-activated human brain EN cells. In order to study the potential role of adhesion molecules in neoplastic cell adhesion two tumor cell lines were chosen. Adhesion of a cell line (DU145) derived from a cerebral metastasis of prostate carcinoma to human brain microvessel En cell monolayers was less pronounced compared to adhesion of a primary prostate carcinoma cell line (ND1). Adhesion of cerebral metastatic neoplastic cell line (DU145) was not significantly influenced by incubation of endothelial cells with different proinflammatory cytokines. The adhesion capability of primary prostate carcinoma line (NDI) was significantly upregulated by TNF-alpha proinflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, the adhesion of ND1 was partly inhibited using anti-E-selectin and VCAM-1 monoclonal antibodies. There was no significant effect of anti-adhesion antibodies on the adhesion characteristics of the cerebral metastatic (DU145) cell line. Our data demonstrate that different mechanisms are involved in the adhesion of neoplastic cells to cerebral En cells and turn our attention to the importance of adhesion molecule expression in the formation of metastases.
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PMID:Influence of adhesion molecule expression by human brain microvessel endothelium on cancer cell adhesion. 972 32

CD31 is a specific and sensitive marker of endothelial differentiation. Previous reports have described its immunoreactivity in large series of soft tissue neoplasms, as well as its comparison with other available and commonly used endothelial markers. CD31 reactivity in carcinomas or mesotheliomas has been incompletely addressed, however. Hence, we applied anti-CD31 (JC70/A, DAKO, Carpinteria, Calif) to 290 previously characterized neoplasms by using a modified avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique following microwave epitope retrieval. Seven carcinomas showed plasmalemmal-based immunoreactivity (2 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 2 mucoepidermoid salivary gland carcinomas, 1 cutaneous adnexal tumor, 1 cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and 1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma); the remaining 283 lesions were negative for this marker. We conclude that anti-CD31 immunostaining in carcinomas and mesotheliomas is rare. These findings support the concept that CD31 is a reliable marker of endothelial differentiation and should be included in diagnostic immunohistochemical panels when vascular tumors enter the differential diagnosis.
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PMID:CD31 immunoreactivity in carcinomas and mesotheliomas. 972 13


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