Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the first two years with the 160 X 160 matrix EMI scanner at Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen 108 consecutive patients referred with the suspicion of intra- or juxtasellar tumor were subjected to 166 computed tomography (CT) examinations. The X-ray attenuation and contrast enhancement patterns of the various lesions were analyzed. In general, it was difficult to correlate these parameters with the histopathological features. Arachnoid cysts, however, had typical low preinjection attenuation and no contrast enhancement. Chromophobe and eosinophilic pituitary adenomas rarely contained calcium and only in minute amounts, hardly visible on the polaroid pictures. Craniopharyngiomas and low grade suprasellar gliomas frequently contained large calcifications. Grade I gliomas, when located in the optic nerves or hypothalamus, showed significantly higher contrast enhancement than elsewhere in the brain. Three purely intrasellar adenomas were demonstrated with CT only. The diagnostic accuracy of CT was compared to that of carotid angiography, PEG and plain skull films in the lesions verified by initial operation (n = 32). CT gave the highest accuracy of the four methods, but the accuracy of CT differed statistically only from that of carotid angiography.
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PMID:Computed tomography of intra- and juxtasellar lesions. A radiological study of 108 cases. 19 49

A review is presented of 34 cerebellopontine angle tumors surgically removed between 1973 and 1978 by the author at the New York University Medical Center. A diagnostic protocol is outlined: An acoustic PEG (small volume pneumoencephalogram with polytomography) is utilized where a medium to large tumor is suspected, and a Pantopaque fossagram for the smaller tumors. Indications are given for the middle fossa, translabyrinthine and suboccipital approaches, depending on tumor size and level of hearing. Hearing was successfully preserved at or near the preoperative level in 3 of 6 extracanalicular tumors operated upon using the suboccipital microsurgical approach. Audiometric data are given, demonstrating the preservation of hearing. The surgical technique is described. There were no fatalities in the entire series. The incidence of permanent facial nerve palsy was 8%. Nerve palsy occurred in large tumors only.
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PMID:Acoustic neuroma surgery with emphasis on preservation of hearing. 44 34

A congenital dermal sinus at the midline of the parietal region, which extends into the falx, is relatively rare. The following case is illustrative. A 3-year-old girl was noticed by her parents to have tumor at the midline of the parietal region without other disturbances and complaints. This girl had the normal mental and motor development, and was admitted to our clinic for cosmetic surgery. A round, elastic soft tumor, roughly 1x1x1 cm in diameter, was located at the midline of the parietal region. This tumor had a port wine cutaneous discoloration and an absence of normal hair growth in this area. Abnormal hair did not protrude from the sinus. This tumor had no dimple nor sinus opening. Skull XP showed a round lucent bone defect at the midline of the parietal region. This bone defect with sclerotic margin, was about 1 cm in diameter. Skull XP and tomography, with contrast medium injection into the tumor, showed that this tumor extended into the falx through bone defect. Angiography showed that there were no relations between the tumor and the superior sagittal sinus. PEG showed that there were no mass lesion nor dilatation of ventricles. Both spinal tap and EEG were normal. Operation for the congenital dermal sinus was performed on Nov. 4, 1977. This congenital dermal sinus extended into the falx and congenital cell rest tumor was not elicited.
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PMID:[A case of congenital dermal sinus in the parietal region (author's transl)]. 47 Nov 73

Not infrequently, it is difficult to differentiate the chiasmal meningioma from other suprasellar tumors, especially pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma. Authors examined 7 cases of chiasmal meningioma from neurological, endocrinological and neuroradiological points of view in comparison with the cases of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma. As the results, the following features can be regarded as the differential characteristics of the chiasmal meningioma. 1) It was predominated in female of over 40 years of age. 2) Duration of the symptoms before admission was usually 2--3 years. 3) Disturbance of visual acuity and defect of visual field were initially unilateral in most of the cases, then extended to the other side when the disturbance of one eye had become severe. Visual field defect tended to be of irregular bitemporal hemianopsia with frequent involvement of peripheral nasal field. 4) Evidence of the endocrine disturbance were very scanty until the end stage. 5) Postero-superior elevation of A1 portion of the anterior cerebral artery in the tuberculum sellae meningioma was one of the pathognomonic features. 6) In the case of meningioma extending from tuberculum sellae to dorsum sellae or originated from dorsum sellae, PEG showed a finding of "capping on the dorsum sellae" and the tumor shadow over the posterior clinoid process took different feature from pituitary adenoma or craniopharyngioma.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of the chiasmal meningioma (author's transl)]. 52 52

1) Nine of 25 cases of chromophobe adenoma revealed abnormally high plasma prolactin level. The plasma prolactin level of these 9 cases ranged from 5300 to 15000 ng/ml, and those of other 16 cases ranged from negligible to 53 ng/ml. 2) Five cases with abnormally high plasma prolactin level had a poor clinical course. 3) Quantitative determination on PEG according to our own method showed that tumor size of these patients with abnormally high plasma prolactin level was larger than that of relatively lower plasma prolactin level. 4) Three of all 25 cases of chromophobe adenoma were histologically diagnosed as pleomorphic. Each of those three cases showed abnormally high plasma prolactin level.
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PMID:[Endocrinological evaluation of seller and suprasellar tumor cases (the third report)-on secreting chromophobe adenoma (author's transl)]. 94 20

Two cases of spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium are presented. The first case is that of a 3 year-old girl with a thumb-sized soft scalp tumor of the occipital region (dural hypertrophy) and hydroencephalodysplasia (Picaza). PVG revealed noncommunicating hydrocephalus with asymmetrical deformity of the lateral ventricle and agenesis of corpus callosum (Fig. 1). Ventriculoatrial shunt was performed. Three years passed under the useful life when she readmitted to our clinic complaining headache, nausea and vomiting. On the first hospital day she fell into respiratory arrest accompanied with coma after the tonic convulsion, and eventually, she died on the fourth hospital day. Postmortem examination revealed spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium which communicated with the posteromedial trigone of the left lateral ventricle (Fig. 3). Combined other malformations such as dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and only one anterior cerebral artery, etc. were found. The second case is that of a young adult, a 22 year-old male with rapidly progressing intracranial hypertension. PVG revealed marked dilatation of the lateral and the third ventricle, non-filling of the aqueduct and spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium which communicated with the posterior part of the third ventricle (Fig. 4). And insidiously he fell into akinetic mutism. After suboccipital exploratory craniotomy and ventriculo-peritoneal shunt akinetic mutism improved gradually, and he was discharged on foot after 7 months. PEG performed on June 8, 1973, showed no evidence of aqueduct obstruction and injected air passed from the fourth ventricle to the third one smoothly. He lives on now under a useful condition. These 2 cases are the first report on literatures in Japan, but presumably there must be many other cases. Since W. H. Sweet reported his own two cases of spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium on 1940, more than thirty cases have been published on literatures. However, there are found various expressions to describe the same condition (Table 1). We would like to propose that the most suitable expression is "ventriculostium" not only in deference to the originality of W. H. Sweet but also not to confuse this pathogenetic state with other similar conditions. The author's next interest is the chronological fact that from W. H. Sweet (1940) to A. Torkildsen (1948), all but one ostiums reported situated at the posteromedial trigone of the lateral ventricle, whereas after A. Torkildsen, they were found at the posterior part of the third ventricle in many cases. The reason is unknown. It would appear that three main conditions are necessary for the development of ventricluostium just beneath the tentorium. The first, there must be increased pressure within the lateral or the third ventricle. The second essential feature is the lack of any large space occupying lesion in the the infratentorial space. The third, there must be wider space between the tentorial incisura and the brain stem.
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PMID:[Spontaneous cerebral ventriculostium (author's transl)]. 94 70

Polyethylene glycolated (pegylated) interleukin-2 (PEG IL-2) was administered as a weekly i.v. bolus to patients with metastatic cancer in a phase-I trial. Efficacy, toxicity and pharmacokinetics have been described previously. To explore mechanism of IL-2 action and discover predictors of efficacy, the levels of several lymphokines were measured in pharmacokinetic serum samples. IL-1 beta and IL-6 were elevated in many patients before PEG IL-2 administration, forming a continuous, log-normal distribution among patients. The levels of the two lymphokines were strongly correlated. However, no significant correlation could be found between these levels, clinical chemistry, or tumor regression seen after PEG IL-2 administration. Three hours after PEG IL-2 administration, IL-1 beta and IL-6 levels, if elevated, fell to normal. In all patients, independent of initial levels, IL-6 and IFN-gamma, but not IL-1 beta, increased 4 to 6 h after the injection and then fell rapidly, even though PEG IL-2 levels were high and often changed only slightly during this period. This suggests an active shut down of lymphokine synthesis, or an increase in elimination rate. After the fourth administration of PEG IL-2, the peak level of IFN-gamma was 2 to 20 times higher than after the first, while the peak level of IL-6 did not change in a consistent direction. Responding patients had typical peak levels of IL-6 and IFN-gamma. Low levels of TNF and IL-4 were occasionally seen before and after PEG IL-2 administration, but no consistent pattern was evident.
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PMID:Suppression and transient induction of lymphokines in cancer patients after administration of polyethylene glycolated interleukin-2. 154 19

Polyethylene glycol-modified recombinant human interleukin-2 (PEG-IL-2) represents a cytokine with prolonged circulatory half-life and increased antitumor activity as compared to recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) after systemic administration. We studied whether PEG-IL-2 would also be advantageous in locoregional immunotherapy using a syngeneic tumor model. Intradermal inoculation of line-10 tumor cells into the flanks of strain-2 guinea-pigs results in a fast-growing tumor and regional lymph-node metastases. Treatment schedules were started on day 7 after inoculation in animals with established tumors. First, groups of 5-6 animals were treated with repeated intratumoral and perilymphatic rIL-2 or PEG-IL-2 injections. PEG-IL-2 caused significant growth inhibition of both the primary tumor and the regional lymph-node metastases at lower doses and with less frequent administration than rIL-2. The best schedule for PEG-IL-2 was 3 injections a week for 5 weeks, resulting in cure of 4/17 and 5/5 (p less than 0.01) animals at the 2 most efficient dose levels tested. Subsequent experiments indicated that the intratumoral and not the perilymphatic injection route was essential for the obtained antitumor effect. Furthermore, 12/12 animals cured after PEG-IL-2 treatment rejected a rechallenge with line-10 tumor cells, whereas no cures were seen after rIL-2 injections. PEG-IL-2 therefore appears to be a valuable substance for intratumoral immunotherapy.
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PMID:Polyethylene-glycol-modified interleukin-2 is superior to interleukin-2 in locoregional immunotherapy of established guinea-pig tumors. 161 87

In an attempt to evaluate the relationship between circulating immune complexes (CIC) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CIC and AFP were detected in 93 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 54 healthy controls. The median level of 3% PEG (polyethylene glycol)-CIC and Clq-CIC were higher in patients than in controls (p less than 0.001). In patients with HCC, the prevalence of elevated 3% PEG-CIC, Clq-CIC, and AFT was 27.9%, 55.9%, and 77.4%, respectively. There was association between AFP and 3% PEG-CIC positivity (p less than 0.01). The median level of 3% PEG-CIC and Clq-CIC increased as AFP levels elevated (p less than 0.05), but decreased as AFP exceeded 1599 ng/ml (p less than 0.05). For adjusting the effect of impaired liver function on the level of CIC, multivariate analysis with stepwise logistic regression revealed that 3% PEG-CIC was associated, in a dose-related fashion, with an increased risk for developing HCC (odds ratio = 1.003, p less than 0.001). These results imply that elevation of 3% PEG-CIC may be related to tumor mass. Additionally, 3% PEG-CIC is a useful marker to monitor therapy with transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with HBsAg+ HCC.
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PMID:Elevation of circulating immune complexes and its relationship to alpha-fetoprotein levels in patients with hepatitis B surface antigen-positive hepatocellular carcinoma. 171 4

The murine monoclonal antibody A7 (Mab A7) was chemically modified with several macromolecules: dextran, polyethylene glycol and the anti-cancer polypeptide neocarzinostatin. The pharmacokinetic properties of the combinations were subsequently examined. Radioimmunoassay revealed that all preparations retained their antigen-binding activities. The Mab A7-neocarzinostatin conjugate was cleared from the blood circulation with a kinetic pattern almost identical to that of the parent Mab A7. Of the three preparations, Mab A7-dextran (A7-Dx) was removed the most rapidly from the circulation. Mab A7-polyethylene glycol (A7-PEG) exhibited the slowest blood clearance curve, with twice the half life of the parent Mab A7 in the circulation. In normal organ distributions, A7-Dx exhibited the highest liver, spleen and kidney uptake, and A7-PEG showed the lowest uptake, when expressed as tissue:blood ratio. Although A7-Dx exhibited lower tumor uptake, there was no significant difference among the three conjugates in tumor-bearing nude mice. A7-PEG seems to be a good candidate for targeted cancer therapy using antibody due to its high blood retention but low normal organ uptake.
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PMID:Comparative pharmacokinetic properties of murine monoclonal antibody A7 modified with neocarzinostatin, dextran and polyethylene glycol. 172 Jan 16


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