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Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumors of the epididymis, both primary and secondary, whether benign or malignant are very rare. The elements of the spermatic duct system, whether inside the testis or outside it in the epididymis and spermatic cord, exhibit only 1/20th of that of the germinal epithelium. In accordance with the mesodermal, or mesothelial origin of the whole spermatic ducr system, tumors of the epididymis and spermatic cord are - with few exceptions - mesenchymal tumors, the most frequent of these being the so-called adenomatoid tumor, a benign slowly growing tumor. With regard to the relative frequency of the various extratesticular tumors, a British panel has shown that one quarter of its cases are adenomatoid tumors, a second quarter sarcomas of children and juveniles (rhabdomyosarcomas and embryonic sarcomas), a third quarter sarcomas of adults and aged, while the last quarter includes simple benign mesenchymal tumors, mixed tumors, metastatic tumors, and others. There is only one extremely rare epithelial tumor of the epididymis, the papillary cystadenoma, which seems to be a partial menifestation or forme fuste of Hippel-Lindau's disease. So far only 40 cases have been described in the world literature. Therapy of intrascrotal but extratesticular tumors always ought to be surgical: if the tumor proves to be benign, simple excision suffices. In cases of malignancy, immediate inguinal lymphadenectomy and - as with testicular tumors - lymphography followed by retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. Whether one should, in principle, then continue treatment either chemotherapeutically or radiotherapeutically, or do so only when there is evidence of metastasis, is a question whiich still remains open.
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PMID:Tumors of the epididymis. 86 88

This is a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma with a rare clinical evolution. A first metastasis causes paraplegia; a second causes obstructive jaundice; a third subcutaneous metastasis is resected; the primitive tumor is discovered accidentally in the right calf, 8 weeks after the beginning of the disease. The literature is reviewed. Diagnosis of the alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is often difficult because of confusion with a lymphoma, another type of sarcoma, a melanoma or even an epithelial tumor. The surgeon who removes a superficial node, obviously malignant, in a young subject, should think of this type of tumor. A multidisciplinary treatment associating radical resection, radio- and chemotherapy improves the very poor prognosis of this sarcoma.
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PMID:[A propos a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (author's transl)]. 98 37

Inverted papillomas which arise from the lining membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses are relatively unfamiliar lesions which have been reported in the literature under a variety of titles. The uncertainly surrounding their etiology, their relationship to nasal polyps and their malignant potential have resulted in an ill-defined clinical approach to their management. The designation Inverted Schneiderian Papilloma is suggested as an appropriate title that best conveys the qualities of inversion, location and distinctiveness of character. The characteristic microscopic feature is the increase in thickness of the covering epithelium with extensive invasion of this hyperplastic epithelium into the underlying stroma. In the absence of a better explanation of the origin, the tumor should be considered a true epithelial neoplasm. The clinical features in 24 previously unreported cases are presented. The most common presenting complaints are nasal obstruction and epistaxis. The common site of origin is the lateral nasal wall in the region of the middle meatus and ethmoid cells. In no instance was an isolated lesion of the maxillary, frontal or sphenoid sinus present. The most characteristic attributes of the tumor were its tendency to recur, its destructive capacity and its propensity to be associated with malignancy. The common radiographic abnormality on routine sinus films was unilateral opacification of the sinuses and nasal airway. Tomography is helpful in defining the extent of the lesion and in selecting an appropriate surgical approach. A philosophy of management has evolved based on the experiences gained from these 24 patients, combined with a review of the experience of others and a study of the regional anatomy. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. A bold surgical approach has been used for tumors involving the lateral nasal wall and paranasal sinuses. A lateral rhinotomy incision is employed and when necessary, this exposure is increased by extending the incision of split the upper lip and reflect the cheek flap as is customarily done with the Weber-Ferfusson incision. Fifteen patients have been followed for more than two years and the results have been excellent with the exception of one patient who later developed an invasive squamous carcinoma. An associated malignancy was found in 12.5 percent of the cases.
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PMID:The inverted Schneiderian papilloma: a clinical and pathological study. 108 53

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine, HPC, CAS 58066-85-6) was investigated in transplanted primary methylnitrosourea-induced PYH mammary carcinoma of F344 rats. The therapy was performed in the 5th and 10th passage. At first HPC (113 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the median tumor volume, but a loss of activity was observed in the 10th passage. To explain the loss of sensitivity and to obtain information on the mechanism of action histology, cytoskeleton and hormone receptor content were investigated. The most important change was observed in the histopathology of the tumor. The initial tubular papillary adenocarcinoma was transformed into a malignant adenoacanthoma with epithelial structure. Vimentin as an endothelial marker of the cytoskeleton was equally expressed in all passages. Cytokeratin was weakly expressed in the earlier passages and intensively present in the late passages. The histopathological change from tubular adenocarcinoma to malignant adenoacanthoma might be caused by an overgrowth of the primary epithelial tumor cells or by a real transformation in the morphological characteristics of the tumor, which may occur during repeated transplantation.
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PMID:Effect of miltefosine on transplanted methylnitrosourea-induced mammary carcinoma growing in Fischer 344 rats. 128 10

The clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 7 cases of benign and malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary, including 5 benign and 2 malignant tumors are described. Microscopically, all of the benign cases were composed of both epithelial nest and fibrous stroma. Two cases of the malignant Brenner tumor showed that the histologic features resembled the structure of non-keratinized squamous carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells of the epithelial nest were keratin and EMA positive in 7 cases; CEA-positive in 5 cases; and negative in 2 cases of benign Brenner tumor. The results indicated that Brenner tumor is an epithelial neoplasm in nature. The diagnostic criteria and histogenetic origin are discussed.
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PMID:[Benign and malignant Brenner tumor of the ovary: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study]. 128 87

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form of malignant neoplasia in men. Considerable evidence has accumulated suggesting that paracrine interactions between stromal cells and epithelial cells mediate, in part, the growth and development of the prostate. A nerve growth factor-like protein secreted by stromal cells has been implicated in the paracrine regulation of prostate epithelial tumor cell growth in vitro. This prostate-derived nerve growth factor-like protein differs from the known members of the neurotrophin family of proteins, and may represent a prostate-specific form of this family of gene products. Furthermore, corresponding nerve growth factor receptors have been localized to the epithelial cells of the human prostate in vivo, consistent with a role of the receptors and the adjacent nerve growth factor-like protein secreted by stromal cells, in the paracrine regulation of prostate growth and neoplasia.
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PMID:Role of nerve growth factor-like protein in the paracrine regulation of prostate growth. 129 29

A total of 93 tumors of the epidermis, its appendages, and dermis were observed in 1,433 (717 males, 716 females) rats employed in oncogenicity studies over a 2-yr period. Mammary gland neoplasms will be reported separately. Fifty-seven (61.3%) were epithelial with 49 in males and 8 in females. Keratoacanthoma was the most frequent epithelial neoplasm in males (22) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (11) and papilloma (5). Sebaceous gland neoplasms seen in males (5) included both adenomas (3) and carcinomas (2). In males, there were also 3 trichoepitheliomas, 1 pilomatricoma, 1 basal cell tumor, and 1 malignant melanoma. Of the 8 epithelial neoplasms in females, there were 3 squamous cell carcinomas, 2 keratoacanthomas, and 1 each basal cell tumor, malignant melanoma, and trichoepithelioma. There were 21 mesenchymal neoplasms in males and 15 in females. The most frequent neoplasm was fibroma (7 males, 8 females) followed by lipoma (7 males, 4 females) and fibrosarcoma (4 males, 3 females). One male had a liposarcoma and 2 males each had hemangioma. The total neoplasm incidence of 70/717 (9.8%) in males and 23/716 (3.2%) in females showed that skin neoplasms were 3 time more common in males than in females. Epithelial neoplasms of the skin were 6 times more common in males than in females. Males were more than twice as likely to have epithelial rather than mesenchymal skin neoplasms whereas the reverse was seen in females.
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PMID:Spontaneous skin neoplasms in aged Sprague-Dawley rats. 129 64

Uncontrolled expression of matrix metalloproteinases 2, 3 and 9 (MMP-2, -3 and -9) is believed to be a critical part of the invasive potential of tumor cells because of their ability to degrade type IV collagen, a major structural component of basement membranes. Availability of proteolytic activity in the vicinity of the cell surface is further affected by a local balance between the enzymes and their inhibitors produced by the cell. To determine how frequently deregulated expression of the MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is associated with tumor cells, 26 human tumor cell lines were examined by Northern blotting. Transcripts for MMP-2 and MMP-9 were more frequently expressed in mesenchymal tumor cells (9/9 for MMP-2 and 6/9 for MMP-9) than in epithelial tumor cells (4/17 for MMP-2 and 2/17 for MMP-9). Although expression of MMP-2 mRNA was clearly cell type-specific, MMP-9 mRNA expression in mesenchymal cells correlated well with the reported tumorigenicity of the cells. Enhanced expression of MMP-9 mRNA was also associated with the tumorigenic transformation of cells by an activated c-H-ras gene in human embryonic fibroblasts. Only 3 of the 26 tumor cells expressed MMP-3 mRNA, and 2 of the 3 were epithelial tumor cells which coordinately expressed MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNAs. TIMP-1 mRNA was almost undetectable in 50% of the tumor cells, but TIMP-2 mRNA was expressed in the majority of the cells. These findings provide comprehensive information about mRNA expression of the MMPs and TIMPs in tumor cells, the deregulation of which is thought to be an integral part of the invasive potential of tumor cells.
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PMID:Expression of genes encoding type IV collagen-degrading metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in various human tumor cells. 131 Oct 64

The histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of a congenital epithelial tumor of the parotid were studied. The tumor was characterized by solid nests of epithelial cells intermingled with proliferating ductal structures lined by a double layer of cells. Immunoperoxidase staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, actin, and S-100 protein showed the presence of cytokeratin in the ductal cells as well as the presence of vimentin, actin, and S-100 protein in the outermost layer of the ducts. The solid nests were focally reactive to S-100 and vimentin. Ultrastructural examination revealed myoepithelial cells with replication of basement membrane material. The tumor recurred 17 months after excision without lymph node involvement or metastasis. The term "sialoblastoma" is favored. Review of the literature on congenital, epithelial salivary gland tumors showed that a few cases recurred locally and only one case had regional lymph node involvement. No distant metastasis has been reported.
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PMID:Sialoblastoma: a case report and review of the literature on congenital epithelial tumors of salivary gland origin. 131 26

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) was studied with monoclonal antibody 2E9 on 50 ovarian tumors of various histological types and 10 non-tumorous ovarian tissues by immunohistochemistry. Enhanced expression was observed in 26/50 (52%) of the tumors. Only 25 out of 46 epithelial tumors (54%) showed positivity in epithelial tumor cells. Staining was cytoplasmic in all cases. No correlation was established between EGF-R expression and the histological type of the epithelial tumor. Apart from EGF-R expression in tumor cells, low immunoreactivity was also observed in stromal and endothelial cells in both normal and tumorous ovarian tissues. Furthermore in 8/9 specimens containing necrotic areas, EGF-R was noticed in these areas as well. Both of the latter observations may have impact on the evaluation of the prognostic value of EGF-R activity in tumors, when based on EGF-R measurements using biochemical binding studies. We therefore recommend that EGF-R is measured with both methods in studies regarding its clinical value.
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PMID:Occurrence of epidermal growth factor receptors in benign and malignant ovarian tumors and normal ovarian tissues: an immunohistochemical study. 131 81


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