Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0027651 (tumor)
 685,946 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical course, histopathology, and tumor DNA distribution patterns were analyzed in 95 patients with parathyroid cancer. The median follow-up was 6 years (range 1-25 years). Eighteen patients received a benign diagnosis at their first operation. The initial procedure was tumor resection in 42 patients and tumor resection plus partial or total thyroidectomy in 40 patients. Forty patients developed recurrent disease and 36 patients underwent 1 to 9 re-operations. Cervical recurrence and lung metastases were most commonly encountered. The median time from the first operation to recurrence was 33 months (range 1-228 month). Twenty-one patients died of parathyroid cancer a median of 28 months following discovery of their first recurrence. The histopathological reevaluation confirmed unequivocal parathyroid cancer, i.e., infiltration and/or metastases, in 41 cases. Fifty-four cases lacked these criteria but showed various forms of atypia. Image cytometry demonstrated tumor aneuploidy in 26 of 39 cases with definite cancer by histological criteria, compared to the 13 of the 52 with equivocal histological diagnosis. Twelve patients with aneuploid tumors and 7 patients with euploid tumors died of parathyroid cancer. In a multivariate analysis, patients treated with extensive surgery, i.e., tumor resection and unilateral or bilateral thyroidectomy, had a longer survival and a longer relapse-free period. Other factors of importance for survival were age and histopathology. Histopathology and an aberrant nuclear DNA content were important factors for the time to recurrence. We conclude that histopathology alone is unable to confirm a cancer diagnosis in the absence of infiltration and/or metastases. Because recurrence may occur late, patients should be followed closely. Even repeated surgical interventions have proven beneficial.
 ...
PMID:Prognostic factors in parathyroid cancer: a review of 95 cases. 141 41

We report a 39-year-old female patient with a hepatic hemangioblastoma, polycythemia and elevated plasma erythropoietin (Epo) levels. Following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx), her plasma Epo levels and hematocrit normalized but began to rise several months later. This rise correlated with the appearance of multiple lung metastases. The tumor was implicated as the source of excess Epo production using Northern analysis of a resected metastatic lung nodule. Based on our results, the measurement of plasma Epo levels in patients with Epo secreting tumors could be of general utility in assessing tumor burden.
 ...
PMID:Monitoring hemangioblastoma tumor burden using plasma erythropoietin levels. 142 Nov 81

The transplantable rat kidney carcinoma (RKC) provides an excellent experimental model for immunological and therapeutic studies of renal cell carcinoma. In this report, we define the biological characteristics of RKC and explore the interactions between RKC and natural killer (NK) cells. RKC, a transplantable tumor of spontaneous origin, grows progressively over a 12-week period and metastasizes to the lung when implanted orthotopically in the kidneys of female Lewis rats. Rats bearing RKC survived for an average of 10.5 +/- 1.5 (SD) weeks postimplantation. Lung metastases were visible between 7.5 and 8.5 weeks postimplantation, and by 9 to 10 weeks the incidence of metastases reached approximately 67%. Injection of the NK cell-specific monoclonal antibody 3.2.3 depleted Lewis rats of their NK activity for up to 14 days. Adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells generated from the spleens of 3.2.3-injected rats were significantly less lytic than those from control rats and contained a significantly lower percentage of 3.2.3+ cells when analyzed by flow cytometry. Groups of rats were implanted with RKC and received injections of 3.2.3 biweekly to maintain depletion of NK cells or of a control antibody, NK1.1, specific for mouse NK cells. At 10 weeks postimplantation, 3.2.3-injected rats had significantly (P < or = 0.005) larger tumors (104.4 +/- 20.1 g) than NK1.1-injected rats (75.4 +/- 13.9 g). Spleen cells and peripheral blood cells from uninjected, tumor-bearing rats had a slight but nonsignificant decrease in NK activity against 51Cr-labeled YAC-1 targets over the course of RKC progression. The activity of adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells from tumor-bearing rats was lower than that from normal rats, but not significantly. Cultured RKC cells were killed by both splenic NK cells and adherent lymphokine-activated killer cells. These data demonstrate that RKC is NK sensitive and that tumor growth does not abrogate NK activity. The RKC tumor provides a model system for the analysis of immunological factors in renal cell carcinoma growth and presents opportunities for testing therapeutic interventions in a system that closely mimics the human disease.
 ...
PMID:Renal cell carcinoma and natural killer cells: studies in a novel rat model in vitro and in vivo. 142 74

Metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumors stimulate myelopoiesis and, consequently, induce bone marrow cells to become immune suppressive to T cell blastogenesis and macrophage activation for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion. The suppressor cells phenotypically resembled granulocytic-monocytic progenitor cells. In order to diminish the presence of these immune suppressor cells, LLC-bearing mice were treated with low doses of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (100 units/mouse) plus TNF-alpha (10 units/mouse). Treatment of LLC-bearing mice with these low doses of IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha diminished the suppressive activity of their bone marrow cells, as measured by the effect on normal macrophage activation to secrete TNF-alpha. In in vivo adoptive transfer studies, bone marrow from placebo-treated LLC-bearers stimulated tumor establishment and metastasis, while the bone marrow of IFN-gamma-plus TNF-alpha-treated tumor-bearers diminished LLC establishment and metastasis. The effect of the low dose treatments with IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha on the recurrence of excised s.c. tumors was also assessed. Treatment of mice following tumor excision with either IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or the combination of IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha reduced recurrence. However, in the animals with recurring tumors only the combined IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha treatment effectively diminished the development of lung metastases. These results demonstrate that low dose IFN-gamma plus TNF-alpha treatment diminishes the presence of suppressor and tumor growth-promoting activities of bone marrow and reduces tumor recurrence and metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Myelopoiesis-associated immune suppressor cells in mice bearing metastatic Lewis lung carcinoma tumors: gamma interferon plus tumor necrosis factor alpha synergistically reduces immune suppressor and tumor growth-promoting activities of bone marrow cells and diminishes tumor recurrence and metastasis. 142 79

We examined: (a) whether in vitro-generated lymphocyte-activated killer (LAK) cells from normal mice and splenic killer cells from tumor-bearing mice subjected to interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy alone or in combination with chronic indomethacin therapy have any detrimental effects on the spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S) of the normal bone marrow (BM); and (b) the effects of these immunotherapy protocols on CFU-S numbers in host hemopoietic organs. Effects of in vitro-generated LAK cells (normal C3H/HeN mouse splenocytes cultured with 1000 units IL-2/10(6) cells for 72 h) on BM CFU-S were examined by incubating macrophage-depleted BM cells with LAK cells at 1:2.5 and 1:5 BM:LAK cell ratios or with LAK cell supernatant for 4 h. The cells were washed and subsequently injected into irradiated mice. Irradiated mice were also reconstituted with BM cells or LAK cells incubated alone. Spleen colonies were scored macroscopically and microscopically on day 7 after reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice with the various cell combinations. A comparison of colony numbers produced by LAK and BM cell mixture revealed that LAK cells at either dose had no suppressive effect on the colony-forming ability of BM at the macroscopic and microscopic levels of analysis. The supernatant of cultured LAK cells had a minor suppressive effect on colony formation at the macroscopic but not the microscopic level of analysis, indicating the presence of one or more suppressive factors capable of mediating a short-term inhibitory effect. In the immunotherapy experiment, C3H/HeN mice transplanted s.c. with 5 x 10(5) C3L5 mammary adenocarcinoma cells received either vehicle alone (controls), IL-2 (1.5 x 10(4) Cetus units i.p. every 8 h on days 10-14 and days 20-25), or chronic indomethacin therapy (10 micrograms/ml in drinking water from day 5 onwards) plus IL-2 as above. Animals were killed 24-25 days after tumor transplantation to examine: (a) the number of metastatic lung nodules; (b) the effects of co-incubating therapy-generated splenic effector cells with normal BM cells for 4 h on BM CFU-S, and (c) the CFU-S content of host BM and spleen. Results revealed a drop in spontaneous lung metastases from a mean of 50 in control mice to 18 with IL-2 therapy alone, and to 5 with chronic indomethacin therapy plus IL-2 therapy. Splenocytes from normal and tumor-bearing control or treated mice, when incubated with normal BM, had no effect on spleen colony formation at the macroscopic level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Effects of cancer immunotherapy with indomethacin and interleukin-2 on murine hemopoietic stem cells. 142 93

We report about a patient who was treated with a percutaneous suprapubic cystostomy in order to relieve repeated urinary retention. Two hours later a bladder tumor was found and the suprapubic catheter was removed. After transurethral resection of the bladder tumor the histological specimen showed a pT3 G3 squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the age and reduced performance status of the patient a radical cystectomy was contraindicated. In a second approach we performed again a transurethral resection of the bladder tumor simultaneously with a resection of the prostate. Eight weeks later the patient was admitted to our hospital because of reduced performance status and gross haematuria. We found a widespread bladder tumor with an implantation metastasis in the abdominal wall at the site where the suprapubic catheter was placed and multiple lung metastases. The patient died within one week after admission. The literature is reviewed and therapeutic strategies are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Implantation metastasis after a suprapubic catheter in a case of bladder cancer. 142 51

A prospective morphological study of tumor involvement of the pulmonary vessels (TIPV) was undertaken on 203 consecutive autopsy cases of malignancies. The lungs were removed as a block and 15 sections (3 from each lobe) were analyzed. Site of origin, histological type and staging of the tumor, topographic distribution of the tumor emboli in the lungs, right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, pulmonary infarct, pulmonary vascular sclerosis and lung metastases were recorded in each case. TIPV was detected in 84 (41.4%) cases, the highest frequency reported until now. In 28 cases, TIPV was considered to be the main cause of death. The breast, liver, and pancreas were primary sites in more than 50% of the cases in which TIPV was observed. TIPV was more prevalent in epithelial neoplasms and showed a strong correlation with advanced disease. There was no significant difference among topographic regions of the lungs. The cases with TIPV were correlated with a high frequency of right ventricular hypertrophy and dilatation, vascular sclerosis and pulmonary metastases but not with pulmonary infarcts.
 ...
PMID:A prospective study of the morphological aspects of tumor involvement of the pulmonary vessels. 143 86

The follow-up study of one chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone is reported; the tumor was a well differentiated grade II chondrosarcoma that relapsed after 10 months and metastasized after 6 years. Fine needle aspiration cytologic method was utilized for the diagnosis of the lung metastases. Cytologic criteria in the differential diagnosis of the chondrosarcoma are discussed. Follow-up of the extra-skeleton chondrosarcoma has to be continued for a long time independently from the grade of differentiation.
 ...
PMID:[Chondrosarcoma of the hyoid bone. Follow-up and cytological study of a case]. 143 10

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary fat on the recurrence and metastasis of human breast cancer solid tumors growing in nude mice after surgical excision of the primary tumor. Female nude mice were fed either a high- (23% corn oil) or a low-fat (5% corn oil) diet, and 7 days later 1 x 10(6) MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells were injected into a thoracic mammary fat pad. Tumors at the injection site grew more rapidly in the animals fed the high-fat diet. Nineteen of 30 animals in each dietary group had tumors with a surface are > or = 1 cm2 within 10 weeks of injection, at which point the tumors were excised and the animals were followed for another eight weeks. Tumors recurred at the excision site in 8 of 19 animals fed the high-fat diet and in 9 of 19 animals fed the low-fat diet; however, the growth rate was more rapid in the group fed the high-fat diet. Lung metastases occurred with similar frequency in the two groups with local recurrences, but with a positive correlation between recurrent tumor weight (greater in the animals fed the high-fat diet) and the severity of lung metastatic involvement. In the mice without recurrence, 4 of 11 (36%) animals in the group fed the high-fat diet had macroscopic lung metastases compared with only one mouse, with minimal involvement, in the group fed the low-fat diet.
 ...
PMID:Influence of dietary fat intake on local recurrence and progression of metastases arising from MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells in nude mice after excision of the primary tumor. 143 49

From September 1986 to December 1989, 26 selected patients with high-grade osteosarcoma of the extremities metastatic at presentation were treated with primary chemotherapy (high doses of methotrexate, -cisplatinum and adriamycin) followed by surgery. Twenty-one cases underwent resections of the primary and metastatic tumor at the same time; owing to the disappearance of lung metastases after preoperative chemotherapy in 3 cases, only the primary tumor was operated on. Due to progression of the disease in 2 patients, no surgery was performed. Histologic examination of the resected specimen was performed to evaluate the percentage of necrosis produced by chemotherapy on the primary and metastatic tumor. After surgery, the patients received further chemotherapy with the same drugs used preoperatively plus ifosfamide and VP-16. The histologic response of the primary tumor was good (> 90% tumor necrosis) in 25% of the cases; in the resected metastatic nodules, 23% had good responses. A discrepancy between the histologic response of the primary and secondary tumor was observed in only 15% of the cases. These results seem to confirm the validity of the strategy (widely used today in the neoadjuvant treatment of non-metastatic osteosarcoma) of changing the postoperative treatment when the histologic response of the primary tumor is poor. At an average follow-up of 3.5 years, only 6 patients remained disease-free; 19 patients relapsed and 1 patient died for adriamycin cardiotoxicity. Of the 19 relapsed patients, 16 died and 3 are still alive but with uncontrolled disease. These results are much worse than those obtained in 144 cases of non-metastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities treated in the same period with the same preoperative chemotherapy (77% with good response in the primary tumor and 78% with continuous disease-free survival). The data suggest that a very effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma of the extremities gives disappointing results in osteosarcoma of the extremities which is metastatic at presentation.
 ...
PMID:Osteosarcoma of the extremity metastatic at presentation: results achieved in 26 patients treated with combined therapy (primary chemotherapy followed by simultaneous resection of the primary and metastatic lesions). 144 Sep 45


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>